scholarly journals Validity and test–retest reliability of the six-spot step test in persons after stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mialinn Arvidsson Lindvall ◽  
Agneta Anderzén-Carlsson ◽  
Peter Appelros ◽  
Anette Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Step Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AB1284-HPR RELIABILITY OF STEP TEST IN SUBJECTS WITH TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1932.1-1933
Author(s):  
M. Eymir ◽  
E. Yuksel ◽  
B. Unver ◽  
K. Sevik ◽  
V. Karatosun
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background:Patients with TKA show impairments in standing balance up to 1 year after surgery. The impaired standing balance in TKA patients was found to be associated with falls risk and decreased functional level. Assessing of standing balance with objective and reliable assessments tools would therefore be extremely useful for determining accurate exercise program, and risks of falling, especially during the rehabilitative period when ambulation is at its most unsteady (1, 2). The stepping maneuver requires adequate strength and motor control to stabilize the body over the stance limb while the other leg is stepping, therefore the Step Test (ST) provides significant information for dynamic standing balance and lower limb motor control (3). The reliability of ST is reported in patient groups such as stroke, however, there is not any study that investigates the reliability of ST in patients with TKA in the current literature.Objectives:The purposes of this study were to determine the test-retest reliability and the minimal detectable change (MDC) of the ST in patients with TKA.Methods:40 patients with TKA due to knee osteoarthritis, operated by the same surgeon, were included in this study. Patients performed trials for ST twice on the same day. Between the first and second trials, patients waited for an hour on sitting position to prevent fatigue. The ST assesses an individual’s ability to place one foot onto a 7.5-cm-high step and then back down to the floor repeatedly as fast as possible for 15 seconds. The score is the number of steps completed in the 15-second period for each lower extremity. Scores for each lower extremity were recorded separately. Prior to the testing, the ST was demonstrated by the tester and all participants were allowed to a practice trial.Results:The ST showed an excellent test-retest reliability (ICC2,1=0.95) in this study. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC95for ST were 0.37 and 1.02, respectively.Conclusion:This study found that the ST has an excellent test–retest reliability in patients with TKA. It is an effective and reliable tool for measuring dynamic standing balance and participant falls. As a performance-based clinical test, the ST is easy to score, can be applied in a short time as part of the routine medical examination. Therefore, inclusion of ST into a more comprehensive battery of performance-based measures of standing balance and lower limb motor control function in subjects with TKA should be considered.References:[1]Si, H. B., Zeng, Y., Zhong, J., et al. (2017). The effect of primary total knee arthroplasty on the incidence of falls and balance-related functions in patients with osteoarthritis. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-9.[2]Moutzouri, M., Gleeson, N., Billis, E., et al. (2017). The effect of total knee arthroplasty on patients’ balance and incidence of falls: a systematic review. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 25(11), 3439-3451.[3]Hill, K. D., Bernhardt, J., McGann, A. M., et al. (1996). A new test of dynamic standing balance for stroke patients: reliability, validity and comparison with healthy elderly. Physiotherapy Canada, 48(4), 257-262.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The Target-Step-Test (TST) to Evaluate Locomotory Differentiation Ability – Evaluation of the Test and Development of Norm Values for Healthy People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Steinbach ◽  
Dana Loudovici-Krug ◽  
Norman Best
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Target Line ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Execution ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Introduction There is need of a clinical assessment measuring locomotory differentiation ability. Objective The Target-Step-Test (TST) for evaluating the locomotory differentiation ability should be checked for its reliability in the context of practical application. Furthermore, it is necessary to define a standard value range. In addition, an examination of the exercise attempts should enable a statement to be made about the adequate test execution. Materials and Methods 208 healthy adults between 18 and 45 years were asked to perform the TST twice. The test procedures of 205 test persons could be evaluated. The individual experiments and target steps were photo documented. The 4 directions of movement included stepping forward with the right and left leg and stepping to the side with the right and left leg. Each direction contains 3 exercise steps with open eyes and one target step with closed eyes. The difference to the target line was rounded up or down to 5 mm by the raters. Results For the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability as well as the test-retest reliability high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and corrected kappa values could be calculated. 90 % of the measurements performed are within the range of −4.85 to 5 cm of the target line. The testing of the measured value repetition shows no differences between 2nd and 3rd step with open eyes. Therefore, it should be sufficient to perform 2 exercise steps with open eyes before the decisive target step with closed eyes. Conclusions The TST is reliable regarding inter-rater, intra-rater and test-retest reliability. The standard value range for healthy adults is set to±5 cm distance from the target line. Regarding the test procedure, it is sufficient to execute the target step with closed eyes after practicing twice with open eyes. The Target-Step-Test is reliable and can easily be carried out in daily routine to measure locomotory differentiation ability as a step movement.

The Phone-FITT: A Brief Physical Activity Interview for Older Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn P. Gill ◽  
Gareth R. Jones ◽  
GuangYong Zou ◽  
Mark Speechley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The purpose of this study was to develop a brief physical activity interview for older adults (Phone-FITT) and evaluate its test–retest reliability and validity. Summary scores were derived for household, recreational, and total PA. Reliability was evaluated in a convenience sample from a fall-prevention study (N= 43, 79.4 ± 2.9 years, 51% male), and validity, in a random sample of individuals in older adult exercise programs (N= 48, 77.4 ± 4.7 years, 25% male). Mean time to complete the Phone-FITT was 10 min for participants sampled from exercise programs. Evaluation of test–retest reliability indicated substantial to almost perfect agreement for all scores, with intraclass correlation coefficients (95% confidence intervals) ranging from .74 (.58–.85) to .88 (.8–.94). For validity, Spearman’s rho correlations of Phone-FITT scores with accelerometer counts ranged from .29 (.01–.53) to .57 (.34–.73). Correlations of Phone-FITT recreational scores with age and seconds to complete a self-paced step test ranged from –.29 (–.53 to –.01) to –.45 (–.68 to –.14). This study contributes preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the Phone-FITT.

scholarly journals AB0883 RELIABILITY OF THE MODIFIED FOUR SQUARE STEP TEST IN PATIENTS WITH REVISION TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1746.3-1747
Author(s):  
B. Unver ◽  
K. Sevik ◽  
V. Karatosun
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Four Square ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background:Patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often experience pain and reduced balance control, which may predispose them to greater fall risk. The patients with revision total knee arthrooplasty (rTKA), have more pain, stiffness and physical dysfunction and less postoperative improvement compared to the patients with TKA [1]. Falls in people with gait or balance disorders have significant consequences. Fear of falling can also predispose people to inactivity, which can lead to problems of debilitation, increased handicap, and disability by itself. Most of the falls take place in the course of movement, and the trips and slips were determined as the most common cause of elderly falls. Trips are responsible of falls between 40% to 60% and slips between 10% to 15%, showing that the capability to take a quick step would prevent many falls [2]. Literature has found stepping speed to the different directions declines with aging and are lesser for fallers than for nonfallers [3].Modified four square step test (mFSST) was developed to assessing fall risk and dynamic balance by scoring time while participants stepping in multiple directions but its reliability has not been investigated in patients undergoing rTKA.Objectives:The aims of this study were to determine the test-retest reliability and the minimal clinically important change (MCID) of the mFSST in patients with rTKAMethods:mFSST administered on 22 patients undergoing rTKA. mFSST is performed by using tapes to make one horizontal and one vertical line like a cross to create 4 quadrants. Patients’ performances were timed as patients were successfully stepping clockwise and counter-clockwise while avoid touching on tapes, turning their body or losing balance. Two trials performed and patients rested between trials and were encouraged to rest as often as they required to prevent fatigue.Results:ICC(2.1)for mFSST was 0.83. The standard error of measurement and MCID were 0.67 and 1.85 respectively (95 %. confidence level).Conclusion:The mFSST has a good test-retest reliability in patients with rTKA. It is a reliable and responsive tool for measuring fall risk, dynamic balance and mobility. The mFSST is an excellent measure of gait variability, stepping in multipl directions and dynamic balance, also can easily identify real clinically important changes in patients with rTKA in simple environments and minimal equipment.References:[1]Järvenpää J, Kettunen J, Miettinen H, Kröger H. The clinical outcome of revision knee replacement after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty versus primary total knee arthroplasty: 8–17 years follow-up study of 49 patients. International Orthopaedics 2010; 34: 649-653.[2]Cumming RG, Klineberg RJ. Fall frequency and characteristics and the risk of hip fractures. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1994; 42: 774-778.[3]Medell JL, Alexander NB. A clinical measure of maximal and rapid stepping in older women. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2000; 55: M429-M433.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Adapted Chester Step Test Can Have Maximal Response Characteristics for the Assessment of Exercise Capacity in Young Women

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Rui Vilarinho ◽  
Ana Rita Mendes ◽  
Mariana Gomes ◽  
Rui Ferreira ◽  
Fabíola Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Chester step test (CST) estimates the exercise capacity through a submaximal response, which can limit its application in the prescription of exercise. This study aimed to assess whether an adaptation of the CST (with a progressive profile) can have maximal response characteristics in young women and compare it to the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). Another aim was to determine its within-day test–retest reliability. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 25 women (20.3 ± 1.5 years) who performed the field tests twice on two different days (48 h apart). The maximal effort attainment was assessed by the heart rate (HR), perception of exertion (Borg scale), and blood lactate concentration. For the performance variables, Pearson’s correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) were used. In the best test, mean values of maximal response were observed in the adapted CST (94.0 ± 6.5% of age-predicted HRmax, 11.3 ± 4.5 mmol/dl of blood lactate, and 18.4 ± 1.5 of Borg rating). The correlations between the adapted CST and the ISWT were weak to moderate (0.38 ≤ r ≤ 0.55; p < 0.05). Fair to good reliability was found for the adapted CST (ICC2,1 = 0.48–0.61). The adapted CST showed mean values of maximal response, weak to moderate association with the ISWT, and low within-day test–retest reliability in young women.

scholarly journals Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of Physical Performance Measures in Individuals With Pre-manifest and Manifest Huntington Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Quinn ◽  
Hanan Khalil ◽  
Helen Dawes ◽  
Nora E. Fritz ◽  
Deb Kegelmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

BackgroundClinical intervention trials in people with Huntington disease (HD) have been limited by a lack of reliable and appropriate outcome measures.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of various outcome measures that are potentially suitable for evaluating physical functioning in individuals with HD.DesignThis was a multicenter, prospective, observational study.MethodsParticipants with pre-manifest and manifest HD (early, middle, and late stages) were recruited from 8 international sites to complete a battery of physical performance and functional measures at 2 assessments, separated by 1 week. Test-retest reliability (using intraclass correlation coefficients) and MDC values were calculated for all measures.ResultsSeventy-five individuals with HD (mean age=52.12 years, SD=11.82) participated in the study. Test-retest reliability was very high (&gt;.90) for participants with manifest HD for the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), 10-Meter Walk Test, Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Physical Performance Test (PPT), Barthel Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, and Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT). Many MDC values suggested a relatively high degree of inherent variability, particularly in the middle stage of HD. Minimum detectable change values for participants with manifest HD that were relatively low across disease stages were found for the BBS (5), PPT (5), and TUG (2.98). For individuals with pre-manifest HD (n=11), the 6MWT and Four Square Step Test had high reliability and low MDC values.LimitationsThe sample size for the pre-manifest HD group was small.ConclusionsThe BBS, PPT, and TUG appear most appropriate for clinical trials aimed at improving physical functioning in people with manifest HD. Further research in people with pre-manifest HD is necessary.

The Reliability of Four Measures of Cardiovascular Fitness with Mentally Retarded Adults

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha Cressler ◽  
Barry Lavay ◽  
Mark Giese
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Sheltered Workshop ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the test-retest reliability of four submaximum oxygen uptake (VO2) test protocols: (a) Modified Physical Working Capacity Cycle Ergometry, (b) Balke Ware Treadmill, (c) Canadian Step Test, and (d) Cooper Twelve-Minute Run/Walk in predicting the cardiovascular fitness of adults who were mentally retarded. The subjects worked in a sheltered workshop setting (N=17, M age=35 years, M IQ=54). The four submaximal VO2 tests were administered over eight sessions with test–retest reliability scores determined by administering each protocol separately and 1 week apart. An intraclass correlation coefficient revealed the following scores on each of the four protocols: Modified PWC Cycle Ergometry, R=.64; Balke Ware Treadmill, R=.93; Canadian Step Test, R=.95; Cooper Twelve-Minute Run/Walk, R=.81. Discussion includes considerations for administering predictor VO2 tests with persons who are mentally retarded. In this particular investigation the Balke Ware Treadmill Test (R=.93) and the Canadian Step Test (R=.95) revealed the highest reliability scores.

scholarly journals Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4782
Author(s):  
Arnaud Gouelle ◽  
Michael Jason Highsmith
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Detailed Measurement ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Four Square ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Technology-based outcomes have recently been proposed to complement the standard Four Square Step Test (FSST) by providing a decomposition of the sequences and information about the stepping pattern. A test-retest study and a randomized crossover design have been used to determine immediate test-retest reliability and to assess discriminant validity, in persons with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, for the parameters computed by an instrumented version of the Four Square Step Test. Twenty adults, independent and unlimited community ambulators, with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, performed two Four Square Step Tests on a pressure mat first with a microprocessor knee, then, a few weeks later with another one. One of these prosthetic knees was acknowledged to be superior and to provide functional improvement. Test-retest, intraclass correlation coefficients and minimal detectable change at 95% confidence level were calculated for each variable. Paired samples t-tests were then used to identify differences between the two microprocessor knee systems. The test-retest reliability of most outcome measures was good to excellent. Few variables showed a systematic difference and a trend to improve between test 1 and test 2. When comparing both microprocessor knees, significant differences in the expected direction were observed, with interpretation in accordance with a functional improvement. Importantly, we highlighted that various strategies to improve the performance in the test might complexify the interpretation of the most detailed measurement. The instrumented Four Square Step test provides reliable measures with satisfactory test-retest reliability and discriminant validity in persons with unilateral transfemoral amputation.

Normative data and test-retest reliability of the sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test, pseudorandom rotation test and velocity step test

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Leen Maes ◽  
Ingeborg Dhooge ◽  
Eddy De Vel ◽  
Wendy D'haenens ◽  
Annelies Bockstael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Method Error ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Rotation Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Sinusoidal Harmonic Acceleration ◽  
Acceleration Test

Rotational testing has been used in clinical practice to explore vestibular function. Frequently used stimulus algorithms include: sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test (SHAT), pseudorandom rotation test (PRRT), and velocity step test (VST). The aim of this study was to construct normative data as well as to evaluate the test-retest reliability of those rotational paradigms. One hundred and fifty subjects without vestibular history participated in the normative study. The SHAT was presented at 5 frequencies (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 Hz), whereas for the PRRT those frequencies were summed. The VST consisted of a rotation to the right and left and was administered twice. Thirty-two volunteers were retested to assess the test-retest reliability. Separate normative data were needed according to sex, stimulus type, and frequency for the SHAT and PRRT, and according to stimulus and direction for the VST. High reliability by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the method error (ME) was obtained for the SHAT, PRRT, and VST gain, SHAT phase and asymmetry, and VST time constant parameters. The availability of data on the minimal detectable test-retest differences supports the evaluation of rotational responses on a retest session.

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