Urinary levels of phthalate esters and heavy metals in adolescents with thyroid colloid cysts

Author(s):  
S. Songül Yalçin ◽  
İzzet Erdal ◽  
Semra Çetinkaya ◽  
Berna Oğuz
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Ho Rho ◽  
Dong Wook Kim

Objective. No previous study has employed long-term follow-up ultrasonography (US) examinations for evaluating thyroid colloid cysts (TCCs) in the general population. This study aimed to assess the interval changes of TCCs at the health center by evaluating long-term US follow-up examinations.Methods. For evaluation of the thyroid gland at our health center from 2006 to 2010, 3692 individuals underwent 4 or more thyroid US examinations at an interval of 1 year or 2 years. We assessed the interval changes of TCCs ≥ 5 mm on US follow-up examinations.Results. Of the 3692 subjects, only 115 (3.1%) showed TCCs ≥ 5 mm on one or more thyroid US examinations. The interval changes in TCCs, as shown by the thyroid US examinations performed during the study period, were classified as follows: no interval change (n=60), gradual increase (n=37), gradual decrease (n=6), positive fluctuation (n=10), negative fluctuation (n=0), and disappearance (n=2). No subject reported any relevant symptom pertaining to TCCs.Conclusions. Overall, follow-up US examinations showed various interval changes in TCCs, but a majority of TCCs showed no interval change or a gradual increase in size.


2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Aguilera ◽  
Antonio Daponte ◽  
Fernando Gil ◽  
Antonio F. Hernández ◽  
Patricia Godoy ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wook Kim

Objective. This study aimed to assess the interval changes of thyroid colloid cysts (TCCs) by performing long-term ultrasound (US) follow-up examinations.Methods. From 2007 to 2008, 437 patients underwent a lobectomy for the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Among them, 268 patients underwent 4 or more postoperative US follow-ups after surgery. This study investigated the prevalence and interval changes of TCCs≥3 mm by using US follow-ups.Results. Among 268 patients, 35 (13.1%) had TCCs≥3 mm by a preoperative thyroid US, and 6 (2.2%) had newly detected TCCs at a US follow-up. Through long-term US follow-up, the interval changes for TCCs were classified as follows: no interval change (n=8), gradual increase (n=8), gradual decrease (n=5), positive fluctuation (n=3), negative fluctuation (n=6), disappearance (n=5), and new detection (n=6). None of the TCC cases had a TCC that was ≥10 mm at its largest diameter, and no patient complained of any relevant symptoms pertaining to the TCCs.Conclusions. In this study, TCCs demonstrated various interval changes, but no abrupt increase was found or acute onset of symptoms occurred.


Author(s):  
Julie Von Behren ◽  
Ruiling Liu ◽  
Jane Sellen ◽  
Christine N. Duffy ◽  
Ryszard Gajek ◽  
...  

Gold mining activities occurred throughout the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, leaving behind persistent toxic contaminants in the soil, dust, and water that include arsenic and cadmium. Despite a high level of concern among local residents about potential exposure and high breast cancer rates, no biomonitoring data has been collected to evaluate the levels of heavy metals. We conducted a study to characterize the urinary levels of heavy metals among women in this region by working with the community in Nevada County. Sixty women provided urine samples and completed a questionnaire. We examined levels of arsenic, cadmium, and other metals in relation to the length of residency in the area, age, dietary factors, recreational activities, and smoking. We compared urinary metal levels in participants to levels in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Overall, study participants had higher urinary levels of arsenic than women in the national sample. Cadmium levels were similar to the national average, although they were elevated in women ≥35 years who had lived in the region for 10 years or more. Arsenic levels were higher among women who smoked, ate fish, ate home-grown produce, and who reported frequent hiking or trail running, although these differences were not statistically significant. This study established a successful community–research partnership, which facilitated community dialogue about possible human health consequences of living in a mining-impacted area.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Jean-François Léon ◽  
Cathy Liousse ◽  
Benjamin Guinot ◽  
Véronique Yoboué ◽  
...  

Abstract. Urbanisation is a strongly emerging issue in Southern West African (SWA) region. There is a general lack of understanding about the personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), its chemical components and health risks related to the various anthropogenic sources in this region. In the current study, personal exposure to PM2.5 (PE PM2.5) sampling was for the first time carried out in dry season (January) and wet season (July) of 2016 to characterize PE PM2.5 from Domestic Fires (DF) for women and Waste Burning (WB) for students in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire and Motorcycle Traffic (MT) for drivers in Cotonou, Benin. The average PE PM2.5 mass concentrations were 331.7 ± 190.7, 356.9 ± 71.9 and 242.8 ± 67.6 μg m−3 at DF, WB and MT for women, students and drivers, which were 2.4, 10.3 and 6.4 times of the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Mean concentrations of PE PM2.5 at DF (358.8 ± 100.5 μg m−3), WB (494.3 ± 15.8 μg m−3) and MT (335.1 ± 72.1 μg m−3) were much elevated in dry season, 15 % higher than that at DF and 55 % higher at both WB and MT. The changes in PE PM2.5 can be attributed to the source emissions, meteorological factors and personal activities. The results also show that geological material (35.8 %, 46.0 % and 42.4 %) and organic matter (34.1 %, 23.3 % and 24.9 %) were always the major components in PE PM2.5 at DF, WB and MT sites. It is worth noting that the contribution to PE PM2.5 from heavy metals was higher at WB (1.0 %) than at DF (0.7 %) and MT (0.4 %), which was influenced by the waste burning emission strongly, leading to the highest heavy metal non-cancer risks for students (5.1 and 4.8 times of women and drivers' non-cancer risks). In organic species of PE PM2.5, some fingerprints can be used to quantify the exposure concentrations and trace the source contributions from local typical anthropogenic sources to different samples. Women exposure concentration to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 at DF (77.4 ± 47.9 ng m−3) was 1.6 times that for students at WB (49.9 ± 30.7 ng m−3) and 2.1 times for drivers at MT (37.0 ± 7.4 ng m−3), which is related to the solid fuels burning and grilling meat activities, resulting in 5 times higher of cancer risk safety threshold (1 × 10−6) to women. Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers in many products, were observed to be extremely high in student exposure PM2.5 samples (1380.4 ± 335.2 ng m−3) at WB site, owing to the waste burning emission obviously. Drivers exposure to fossil fuel emission (especially traffic) markers-hopanes in PE PM2.5 at MT (50.9 ± 7.9 ng m−3) was 2.0–2.3 times higher than women at DF (17.1 ± 6.4 g m−3) and students at WB (15.6 ± 6.1 ng m−3), correlating with the elevated exposure to traffic emissions for drivers. Overall, the study shows that wood combustion, waste burning, fugitive dust and motor vehicle emissions dominated PE PM2.5 mass and contributed to its toxicities mainly. Heavy metals and organic chemicals in PE PM2.5 in SWA brought about Pb and Mn non-cancer health risks for students at WB site and serious PAHs cancer risks for women at DF site via inhalation pathway. This study provides basic data and initial perspective of PM2.5 personal exposure and health risk assessment in underdeveloped area to encourage the government to improve the air quality and living standard of residents in this region.


Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).


Author(s):  
Randall W. Smith ◽  
John Dash

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.


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