Low Frequency rTMS Stimulation of the Right Frontal Cortex Is as Effective as High Frequency rTMS Stimulation of the Left Frontal Cortex for Antidepressant-Free, Treatment-Resistant Depressed Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Isenberg ◽  
Dana Downs ◽  
Katherine Pierce ◽  
Dragan Svarakic ◽  
Keith Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms ◽  
Stimulation Of

rTMS age-dependent response in treatment-resistant depressed subjects: a mini-review

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallanti ◽  
Andrea Cantisani ◽  
Giacomo Grassi ◽  
Sarah Antonini ◽  
Chiara Cecchelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
The Third ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Right ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

BackgroundIn old age, depressive syndromes often affect people with chronic medical illnesses, cognitive impairment, and disability, which can worsen the outcomes of other medical disorders and promote disability. Repetitive magnetic transcranial stimulation (rTMS) is a simple and effective treatment in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Therefore the use of rTMS could be of particular potential benefit in treatment-resistant elderly patients, who often cannot tolerate the higher doses of drugs needed or show phenomena of intolerance and interaction. However, several studies assessing the efficacy of rTMS found smaller response rates in elderly patients when compared to younger samples. Nevertheless, the correlation between age and response is still a controversial issue, and there is no strong evidence to date. The aim of our study was to retest the effectiveness and safety of low-frequency rTMS in a 3 weeks active treatment in a group of resistant-depressed patients, and to investigate the role of age in the response to stimulation treatment.MethodsEnrolled in this study were 102 treatment-resistant depressed patients. The patients were treated with low-frequency rTMS over the right dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 3 weeks with a simple protocol (420 pulses per session for 15 sessions). At baseline, at the end of the second week, and at the end of the third week of treatment, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were administered.ResultsLow-frequency rTMS on the prefrontal dorsolateral right area resulted in a statistically significant reduction of mean HAM-D scores in the entire group of patients at the end of treatment. The responder's rate in the whole group at the end of the third week was 56.86%. A significant inverse relationship between HAM-D reduction and age was found in the “older” (>60 years old) group, not in the “younger” (<60 years old) group.ConclusionResults from this study show that low-frequency rTMS over the right DLPFC, with a relatively low number of pulses (420 pulses per session) and a relatively short period of treatment, is effective in the treatment of resistant patients (in a sample also including elderly patients) in a 3-weeks treatment protocol with a low reduction with the progress of age. Furthermore, we found a greater response in younger patients and an inverse correlation between age and treatment response. Adaptations of the protocol according to age are reviewed.

scholarly journals Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Insula in Chronic Pain: A Theoretical Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
David Bergeron ◽  
Sami Obaid ◽  
Marie-Pierre Fournier-Gosselin ◽  
Alain Bouthillier ◽  
Dang Khoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction: To date, clinical trials of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for refractory chronic pain have yielded unsatisfying results. Recent evidence suggests that the posterior insula may represent a promising DBS target for this indication. Methods: We present a narrative review highlighting the theoretical basis of posterior insula DBS in patients with chronic pain. Results: Neuroanatomical studies identified the posterior insula as an important cortical relay center for pain and interoception. Intracranial neuronal recordings showed that the earliest response to painful laser stimulation occurs in the posterior insula. The posterior insula is one of the only regions in the brain whose low-frequency electrical stimulation can elicit painful sensations. Most chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, had abnormal functional connectivity of the posterior insula on functional imaging. Finally, preliminary results indicated that high-frequency electrical stimulation of the posterior insula can acutely increase pain thresholds. Conclusion: In light of the converging evidence from neuroanatomical, brain lesion, neuroimaging, and intracranial recording and stimulation as well as non-invasive stimulation studies, it appears that the insula is a critical hub for central integration and processing of painful stimuli, whose high-frequency electrical stimulation has the potential to relieve patients from the sensory and affective burden of chronic pain.

High-frequency priming stimulation does not enhance the effect of low-frequency rTMS in the treatment of tinnitus

2007 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berthold Langguth ◽  
Tobias Kleinjung ◽  
Elmar Frank ◽  
Michael Landgrebe ◽  
Philipp Sand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

The coordinate roles of branchial nerve activity and potassium in the stimulation of ciliary activity in Mytilus edulis: observations with phenoxybenzamine, bromolysergic acid and fluorescence histochemistry

1976 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
A. A. Paparo
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Basal Rate ◽  
Potassium Effect ◽  
Branchial Nerve ◽  
Stimulation Of

Potassium concentrations in excess of 30 mM increase the rate of beating of lateral cilia on the gill of Mytilus edulis. Cilioexcitation produced by low frequency (5 beats/s) electrical stimulation was potentiated with potassium but blocked with bromolysergic acid (a serotonergic inhibitor). Cilioinhibition produced by high frequency (50 beats/s) stimulation was decreased with potassium and phenoxybenzamine (a dopaminergic inhibitor). Phenoxybenzamine enhanced the cilioexcitation produced by potassium. Potassium doses incapable of maintaining a basal rate of beating (less than 30 mM) could increase ciliary activity if phenoxybenzamine was also added. After transection of the branchial nerve, the yellow-fluorophore (serotonergic storage) and cilioexcitatory effect of potassium gradually decrease. This study shows that the potassium effect on ciliary activity (a) increase with low frequency nerve stimulation, presumably through the release of serotonin and (b) decreases with high frequency nerve stimulation, presumably through the release of dopamine.

Robust Changes of Afferent-Induced Excitation in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn After Conditioning High-Frequency Stimulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 2412-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
Tatsuya Asai ◽  
Kazuyuki Murase
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Neuronal Excitation ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

We investigated the neuronal plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn and its relationship with spinal inhibitory networks using an optical-imaging method that detects neuronal excitation. High-intensity single-pulse stimulation of the dorsal root activating both A and C fibers evoked an optical response in the lamina II (the substantia gelatinosa) of the dorsal horn in transverse slices of 12- to 25-day-old rat spinal cords stained with a voltage-sensitive dye, RH-482. The optical response, reflecting the net neuronal excitation along the slice-depth, was depressed by 28% for more than 1 h after a high-frequency conditioning stimulation of A fibers in the dorsal root (3 tetani of 100 Hz for 1 s with an interval of 10 s). The depression was not induced in a perfusion solution containing an NMDA antagonist,dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5; 30 μM). In a solution containing the inhibitory amino acid antagonists bicuculline (1 μM) and strychnine (3 μM), and also in a low Cl−solution, the excitation evoked by the single-pulse stimulation was enhanced after the high-frequency stimulation by 31 and 18%, respectively. The enhanced response after conditioning was depotentiated by a low-frequency stimulation of A fibers (0.2–1 Hz for 10 min). Furthermore, once the low-frequency stimulation was applied, the high-frequency conditioning could not potentiate the excitation. Inhibitory transmissions thus regulate the mode of synaptic plasticity in the lamina II most likely at afferent terminals. The high-frequency conditioning elicits a long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy under a greater activity of inhibitory amino acids, but it results in a long-term potentiation (LTP) when inhibition is reduced. The low-frequency preconditioning inhibits the potentiation induction and maintenance by the high-frequency conditioning. These mechanisms might underlie robust changes of nociception, such as hypersensitivity after injury or inflammation and pain relief after electrical or cutaneous stimulation.

Vocal Reaction Times to Tachistoscopically Presented High- and Low-Frequency Verbs: Some Evidence for Selective Minor Hemisphere Linguistic Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Catherine Loren
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Intact Brain ◽  
The Right

The current study investigated the capacity of the right hemisphere to process verbs using a paradigm proven reliable for predicting differential, minor hemisphere lexical analysis in the normal, intact brain. Vocal reaction times of normal subjects were measured to unilaterally presented verbs of high and of low frequency. A significant interaction was noted between the stimulus items and visual fields. Post hoc tests showed that vocal reaction times to verbs of high frequency were significantly faster following right visual-field presentations (right hemisphere). No significant differences in vocal reaction time occurred between the two visual fields for the verbs of low frequency. Also, significant differences were observed between the two types of verbs following left visual-field presentation but not the right. These results were interpreted to suggest that right-hemispheric analysis was restricted to the verbs of high frequency in the presence of a dominant left hemisphere.

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