scholarly journals Increased Media Choice and Political Knowledge Gaps: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of 18 Established Democracies 1995-2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Atle Haugsgjerd ◽  
Stine Hesstvedt ◽  
Rune Karlsen
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Media Choice ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Established Democracies

Constitution Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix-Anselm van Lier ◽  
Katrin Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Constitution Making

Be it in established democracies or in countries emerging from violent political conflict, constitution-making processes have become a key activity in moments of profound political and social change. Over the last three decades, the field of constitution making has witnessed an explosion of academic research from a variety of disciplines. This chapter sketches recent developments in the field, both in academia and in practice, and offers an overview of the conceptual and methodological approaches that have informed the study of such processes so far. The aim of the chapter is to introduce the reader to nascent anthropological research on constitution making and to explore how anthropological methods and theory can serve to address existing knowledge gaps and complement, nuance, and perhaps challenge existing approaches to constitution making.

Online Incidental Exposure to News Can Minimize Interest-Based Political Knowledge Gaps: Evidence from Two U.S. Elections

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122199155
Author(s):  
Brian E. Weeks ◽  
Daniel S. Lane ◽  
Lauren B. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Political Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online News ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Incidental Exposure

Concerns persist over the potential for the fragmented media environment to promote motivation-based political knowledge gaps between those who are interested in politics and those who are not. Yet, there is also evidence that the Internet can provide opportunities for individuals to incidentally encounter and learn from news, which may decrease these knowledge gaps. The current study tests this possibility using two, two-wave panel surveys of adults in the United States conducted during the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections. Across two distinct electoral contexts, we find evidence that incidental exposure to online news and political information promotes learning about presidential candidates’ policy positions over the course of the campaign. In addition, the data suggest the least politically interested benefit the most from this incidental exposure, as they see the largest gains in political knowledge. These findings indicate that opportunities to learn via incidental exposure have the potential to reduce motivation-based knowledge gaps.

A Bigger Pie: The Effects of High-Speed Internet on Political Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Yphtach Lelkes
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Information Search ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Media Choice ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of broader media choice on political behavior is central to the study of political communication. The availability of high-speed Internet, which allows for high bandwidth media on demand, has given consumers virtually unlimited information choices. Most research assumes that the time spent online is fixed; therefore, broader media choice decreases news consumption, political knowledge, and turnout, especially among the politically uninterested. In this article, I explore another possibility: as Internet quality improves, we spend more time online and consume more information, which subsequently increases knowledge and turnout. To test this possibility, I link geocoded Internet download speed data with survey data. A series of studies indicate that higher quality Internet increases political information search, news consumption, and political knowledge, although perhaps not turnout. This work suggests that our assumption of trade-offs between news consumption and entertainment may need reconsideration.

Drivers of Tolerance in Post-Arab Spring Egypt: Religious, Economic, or Government Endorsements?

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Hassan ◽  
Marwa Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Political Groups

Previous work on political tolerance has overwhelmingly focused on established democracies. Consequently, our knowledge continues to be limited with regard to the drivers of tolerance in less democratic transitional and nondemocratic settings. In this paper, we examine what could best promote tolerance of least-favored political groups in such contexts. We use a survey experiment in Egypt to test competing theories through exposing respondents to different primes, emphasizing the importance of tolerance on the basis of religious, economic, or government endorsements. Respondents were then asked questions to gauge their tolerance levels toward their least-favored group. We control for the level of trust in government, religiosity, interpersonal trust, contact, and political knowledge. Our data show soaring levels of intolerance among Egyptians. However, we found evidence that priming respondents with the economic benefits of having a tolerant society is the most effective way to promote tolerant attitudes, especially among those with lower levels of education and younger age groups. Additionally, our analysis demonstrated that respondents’ level of trust in government has a strong effect on tolerance attitudes.

scholarly journals The rise of independence feelings in Catalonia and Scotland. A longitudinal study on the profile of independence in the beginning of the 21st century

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Javier Antón Merino
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Do So

Abstract The following article aims to make headway on the knowledge related to the elements that explain the steep increase of secessionist nationalism during the 21 st century in the peripheral territories of plurinational Western long-established democracies, such as the ones existing in the United Kingdom and Spain. In order to do so, we will be focusing on the quick change observed in the preferences as to the state territorial organization in Catalonia and Scotland. Through the usage of the logistic regression technique, a longitudinal analysis will be carried out to analyze the principal characteristics of the Catalonian and Scottish independence profile throughout the period comprehended between 1999 and 2016.

scholarly journals The Longitudinal Study of Aging in Human Young Adults: Knowledge Gaps and Research Agenda

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Daniel W. Belsky ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Richie Poulton ◽  
Avshalom Caspi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Knowledge Gaps

School Achievement and Adult Qualifications among Adoptees: A Longitudinal Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Maughan ◽  
Stephan Collishaw ◽  
Andrew Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
School Achievement

A Longitudinal Posthumous Study of Letter Writing in a Late Elderly Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Angel Ball ◽  
Jean Neils-Strunjas ◽  
Kate Krival
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Normal Status

This study is a posthumous longitudinal study of consecutive letters written by an elderly woman from age 89 to 93. Findings reveal a consistent linguistic performance during the first 3 years, supporting “normal” status for late elderly writing. She produced clearly written cursive form, intact semantic content, and minimal spelling and stroke errors. A decline in writing was observed in the last 6–9 months of the study and an analysis revealed production of clausal fragmentation, decreasing semantic clarity, and a higher frequency of spelling, semantic, and stroke errors. Analysis of writing samples can be a valuable tool in documenting a change in cognitive status differentiated from normal late aging.

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