Constitution Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix-Anselm van Lier ◽  
Katrin Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Constitution Making

Be it in established democracies or in countries emerging from violent political conflict, constitution-making processes have become a key activity in moments of profound political and social change. Over the last three decades, the field of constitution making has witnessed an explosion of academic research from a variety of disciplines. This chapter sketches recent developments in the field, both in academia and in practice, and offers an overview of the conceptual and methodological approaches that have informed the study of such processes so far. The aim of the chapter is to introduce the reader to nascent anthropological research on constitution making and to explore how anthropological methods and theory can serve to address existing knowledge gaps and complement, nuance, and perhaps challenge existing approaches to constitution making.

Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Site Types

The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy; even more rarely has any attempt been made to assess the scale of these practices. Recent developments, including the use of large datasets, computational modelling, and high-resolution analytical chemistry, are increasingly offering the means to reconstruct recycling and reuse, and even to approach the thorny matter of quantification. Growing scholarly interest in the topic has also led to an increasing recognition of these practices from those employing more traditional methodological approaches, which are sometimes coupled with innovative archaeological theory. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible for the first time in this volume to draw together archaeological case studies on the recycling and reuse of a wide range of materials, from papyri and textiles, to amphorae, metals and glass, building materials and statuary. Recycling and reuse occur at a range of site types, and often in contexts which cross-cut material categories, or move from one object category to another. The volume focuses principally on the Roman Imperial and late antique world, over a broad geographical span ranging from Britain to North Africa and the East Mediterranean. Last, but not least, the volume is unique in focusing upon these activities as a part of the status quo, and not just as a response to crisis.

scholarly journals Glycosaminoglycans: Carriers and Targets for Tailored Anti-Cancer Therapy

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Berdiaki ◽  
Monica Neagu ◽  
Eirini-Maria Giatagana ◽  
Andrey Kuskov ◽  
Aristidis M. Tsatsakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Distribution Composition ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Cancer Tissues

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded by the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), natural biomacromolecules, essential ECM, and cell membrane components are extensively altered in cancer tissues. During disease progression, the GAG fine structure changes in a manner associated with disease evolution. Thus, changes in the GAG sulfation pattern are immediately correlated to malignant transformation. Their molecular weight, distribution, composition, and fine modifications, including sulfation, exhibit distinct alterations during cancer development. GAGs and GAG-based molecules, due to their unique properties, are suggested as promising effectors for anticancer therapy. Considering their participation in tumorigenesis, their utilization in drug development has been the focus of both industry and academic research efforts. These efforts have been developing in two main directions; (i) utilizing GAGs as targets of therapeutic strategies and (ii) employing GAGs specificity and excellent physicochemical properties for targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. This review will comprehensively discuss recent developments and the broad potential of GAG utilization for cancer therapy.

Recent developments in China’s biopharmaceutical industry (2012-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-707
Author(s):  
Marcus Conlé
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drug Regulator ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Product Portfolios

Purpose The paper aims to take stock of China’s recent biopharmaceutical industry development by analyzing product innovation and changes in the firms’ product portfolios during the five-year period between 2012 and 2017. Design/methodology/approach The paper introduces a classification of biopharmaceutical products. By applying the classification to the product data of China’s drug regulator, the CFDA, it becomes possible to trace the developments within the sector by looking at changes in the number of firms within each subgroup and changes in the number of subgroups in which each firm is involved. The classification allows an evaluation of the latest product innovation achievements. Findings The paper demonstrates a mild shakeout of firms in the relatively long-existing domestic market segments, a trend toward more specialized product portfolios and an enduring prevalence of innovation strategies aimed at exploiting relatively unpopulated domestic market niches instead of pioneering entirely new products. Especially the capability of upgrading to second-generation protein therapeutics has become a key criterion for separating the wheat and the chaff in China’s domestic sector. The paper moreover points out the relevance of acquisitions as a corporate growth strategy. Research limitations/implications The research does not consider complementary indicators, product pipelines in particular. Future research should compare patterns across emerging economies. Originality/value The paper is unique in using the CFDA database for systematic academic research on (bio)pharmaceutical innovation and in introducing a biopharmaceutical product classification to trace innovative activities and changes in corporate product portfolios over time.

Marketing Meets Social Media

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Anteneh Ayanso ◽  
Kaveepan Lertwachara ◽  
Brian Mokaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Internet Marketing ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Recent Developments

In Internet marketing, organizations leverage the Internet and related technologies to promote themselves, their products, their services, and their brands. In virtually all sectors, recent advances in Web technologies have dramatically changed the nature and volume of Internet marketing. Competition in online advertising is currently very intense as organizations have shifted their focus from print and other traditional advertising media to emails, search engines, and social media outlets for most of their promotional activities. However, due to the growing convergence of digital technologies, distinguishing one form of online marketing from another is becoming increasingly difficult. The current practice shows that there is a significant overlap of technologies as well as activities in most of the online marketing and advertising outlets. This chapter attempts to provide a classification of the major forms of Internet marketing (or online advertising) available, and discuss the key technological trends, practices, and academic research in each area. In particular, the chapter highlights the changing trends in Internet marketing due to recent developments in Web 2.0 and social media technologies.

The Taxonomy of Methodological Approaches in Marketing Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 276-293
Author(s):  
Bilwa Dipak Upadhye ◽  
Nirmalya Bandopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Management Discipline ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The methodological approach used in any research decides the nature of knowledge the research is creating. Understanding the cardinal importance of methodological approach used in any research, this article attempts to review some of the research papers in ‘Marketing' domain and analyses the same with respect to methodological approaches. Based on the critical assessment of these papers, the article further draws some conclusions regarding how ‘Marketing' domain has been evolved with respect to research methodologies. Literature gaps are identified. One of the major challenges for management research is that the theories or frameworks proposed by researchers in management discipline are not implemented actually in practice. As a result, there is a huge gap between academic research and industry. This article tries to propose a solution to this problem by suggesting that marketing research should focus on systems approach in addition to other approaches. Conclusions are drawn based on the analysis. The limitations of the present study are also discussed.

scholarly journals Class Analysis and the Dialectics of Modernization in the Middle East

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Bill
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
American Political Science ◽  
To Receive

Class analysis stands as one of the ancient and classic theoretical approaches to the study of politics and society. Stratification by class has been traditionally utilized by scholars and statesmen to explain patterns of political conflict and processes of social change. In modern American political science, however, this approach has yet to receive the attention and application that have marked traditional formal-legal and contemporary structural-functional analysis. The sharp reaction that developed against the former took the immediate shape of the group and elite approaches which to a large degree continue to displace or disguise class analysis.

Development Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne T. Chua
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Third World ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
New Journalism ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Political Economic

The term “development journalism” is five decades old. But if the volume of academic research was the lone measure of its reach and impact, then one may erroneously conclude that this field of journalism has hardly had any reach and impact at all. There is a paucity of scholarly studies for a genre that has proliferated across three continents and was once touted as the new journalism for Third World countries. Existing literature points to two main patterns. One sees scholars pitted against each other on what development journalism is and ought to be. The reason: diverse, even opposing, variations of this genre of journalism have emerged according to social, political, economic, and cultural variations in a country or region. The original ideals of development journalism, which requires independent, critical evaluation of the process of development, have been replaced by justifications for a state-controlled media in authoritarian states being passed off as development journalism. That explains the second pattern: studies tend to diverge rather than converge on the concept of development journalism. Over the years, calls have been made to standardize the notion of development journalism or, failing that, to revamp the entire concept. Until that happens, scholars embarking on the study of development journalism need to bear in mind the different approaches and practices, and avoid cherry-picking components that will distort findings. The approaches range from development journalists as willing partners of government (statist) to watchdogs (investigative) and from interventionist (participatory or emancipatory) to guardians of transparency. Within the range are more variants or combinations. The bright side is that there is agreement on some of the essentials for development journalism: emphasis on the process of development to bring about social change (communitarian).

Trends in adolescent research for the new millennium

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Galambos ◽  
Bonnie J. Leadbeater
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact

This article highlights several promising trends in research on adolescence and discusses the likely future course of several recent developments in adolescent research. Current trends include a focus on the transition to young adulthood, the increasing examination of the context and co-occurrence of adolescent problems, and emphasis on the resilience of adolescents in high-risk circumstances. There is a strong need for more research on the cognitive and neurocognitive gains and changes of adolescence and on positive psychosocial behaviours and outcomes for youth. We are just beginning to understand within-group differences in adolescent development, including the life experiences of minority youth, adolescents with disabilities, and homosexual adolescents. The impact of social context and social change on adolescents is also receiving more attention. Methodological approaches likely to be seen more in the future include the use of pattern-centred analyses to complement traditional variable-centred approaches and a greater appreciation for qualitative data analysis as a route to gaining insights into adolescent development. Finally, university-community partnerships are promoted as a way to solve the problems of youth and improve the probability of their healthy futures.

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