scholarly journals Traumatic stress, body shame, and internalized weight stigma as mediators of change in disordered eating: a single-arm pilot study of the Body Trust® framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Janell L. Mensinger
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Body Shame ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mediators Of Change

Emotion-Focused Therapy to Facilitate Positive Body Image and Embodiment

2019 ◽  
pp. 277-287
Author(s):  
Iryna Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Body Shame ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Emotion Focused Therapy ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Positive Body Image

This chapter describes the application of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) in enhancing embodiment and positive body image in individuals with eating disorders and body dissatisfaction. It provides an overview of emotion regulation and dysregulation and highlights possible links between emotion regulation deficits, negative body image, and disordered eating. It reviews the application of EFT in the treatment of emotion dysregulation and describes EFT interventions that help enhance positive embodiment and positive body image. The chapter also reviews outcome research on the application of EFT in healing bodily and emotional disruptions in adults and adolescents through individual and group psychotherapy. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future directions to advance the application of EFT to transform body shame into more attuned and empowering ways to inhabit the body.

Stress management: Corpus-based insights into vernacular interpretations of stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Laurel Smith Stvan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
American English ◽  
Physical Symptom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Semantic Shift

Examination of the term stress in naturally occurring vernacular prose provides evidence of three separate senses being conflated. A corpus analysis of 818 instances of stress from non-academic texts in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the Corpus of American Discourses on Health (CADOH) shows a negative prosody for stress, which is portrayed variously as a source outside the body, a physical symptom within the body and an emotional state. The data show that contemporary speakers intermingle the three senses, making more difficult a discussion between doctors and patients of ways to ‘reduce stress’, when stress might be interpreted as a stressor, a symptom, or state of anxiety. This conflation of senses reinforces the impression that stress is pervasive and increasing. In addition, a semantic shift is also refining a new sense for stress, as post-traumatic stress develops as a specific subtype of emotional stress whose use has increased in circulation in the past 20 years.

Impact of weight stigma on preadolescents' and adolescents' disordered eating behaviors: Testing two mediation models

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yiduo Ye ◽  
Jichang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Weight Bias ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Weight Bias Internalization ◽  
Core Self ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mediation Models

We investigated potential mechanisms that may explain the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors, using 2 mediation models. In the first model we hypothesized that the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors would be mediated by weight bias internalization, and jointly mediated by both weight bias internalization and core self-evaluation. In the alternative model we hypothesized that this relationship would be mediated by core self-evaluation, and jointly mediated by both core selfevaluation and weight bias internalization. Participants were 421 primary and secondary school students (aged 9–14 years) representing various weight categories, who responded to items about their weight stigma, weight bias internalization, core self-evaluation, and disordered eating behaviors. Results show that the 2 mediation models had a good fit to the data. Thus, improving core self-evaluation and reducing weight bias internalization appear to be significant for treating disordered eating behaviors in preadolescents and adolescents.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Hypoxemia during Sleep and Overnight Rostral Fluid Shift in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402199693
Author(s):  
Etienne-Marie Jutant ◽  
David Montani ◽  
Caroline Sattler ◽  
Sven Günther ◽  
Olivier Sitbon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fluid Shift ◽  
Sleep Related Breathing Disorders ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Introduction. Sleep-related breathing disorders, including sleep apnea and hypoxemia during sleep, are common in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Overnight fluid shift from the legs to the upper airway and to the lungs promotes obstructive and central sleep apnea, respectively, in fluid retaining states. The main objective was to evaluate if overnight rostral fluid shift from the legs to the upper part of the body is associated with sleep-related breathing disorders in PAH. Methods. In a prospective study, a group of stable patients with idiopathic, heritable, related to drugs, toxins, or treated congenital heart disease PAH underwent a polysomnography and overnight fluid shift measurement by bioelectrical impedance in the month preceding or following a one-day hospitalization according to regular PAH follow-up schedule with a right heart catheterization. Results. Among 15 patients with PAH (women: 87%; median [25th;75th percentiles] age: 40 [32;61] years; mean pulmonary arterial pressure 56 [46;68] mmHg; pulmonary vascular resistance 8.8 [6.4;10.1] Wood units), 2 patients had sleep apnea and 8 (53%) had hypoxemia during sleep without apnea. The overnight rostral fluid shift was 168 [118;263] mL per leg. Patients with hypoxemia during sleep had a greater fluid shift (221 [141; 361] mL) than those without hypoxemia (118 [44; 178] mL, p = 0.045). Conclusion. This pilot study suggests that hypoxemia during sleep is associated with overnight rostral fluid shift in PAH.

A Systematic Literature Review Exploring Objectification and Motherhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-538
Author(s):  
Olivia Donati Beech ◽  
Leah Kaufmann ◽  
Joel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Objectification Theory ◽  
Body Shame ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Fear Of Childbirth ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Self Objectification

Objectification theory provides a theoretical framework for understanding how socialization and experiences of objectification can lead women to place excessive value on their appearance—a process known as self-objectification. Despite the number of women that are mothers, the application of objectification theory to motherhood has been relatively limited. This review synthesizes the available research exploring objectification during motherhood. We conducted a systematic search for published and unpublished articles that quantitatively examined the objectification of, or self-objectification during, motherhood across five databases in March 2019. The search yielded 23 studies across 20 articles, which in combination revealed strong evidence of societal objectification of mothers and self-objectification by mothers. Effects were found for pregnant and postpartum women, in both community and university samples of mothers. Outcomes included more body shame, concerns about the negative impact of breastfeeding, barriers to breastfeeding, fear of childbirth, disordered eating, and greater appearance concerns in mothers, and sexualized behaviors and body surveillance for their children. Some evidence indicated that self-objectifying may be protective for mothers in certain situations, but it was mostly associated with harmful consequences. Finally, some evidence suggested that there may be age and generational effects of objectification, which may impact all women, including mothers. We hope these findings highlight the benefits for women to engage in healthy relationships with their bodies and to consider the functionality of their body as it changes in preparation for entering motherhood.

scholarly journals Addressing the Disparity in Refugee Mental Health Services: a Pilot Study of a Traumatic Stress Intervention Utilizing a Language‑Free mHealth Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Mazzulla ◽  
Karen M. Fondacaro ◽  
Holly C Weldon ◽  
Marguerite Dibble ◽  
Matthew Price
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Somali Bantu ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Mental Health Treatments ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objective: After resettlement, an overwhelming number of refugees struggle with Chronic Traumatic Stress (CTS), the persistence of traumatic events (e.g., re-experiencing past trauma; news of on-going war) coupled with daily post-migration stressors (e.g., poverty, lack of transportation). CTS significantly increases the burden of mental health challenges experienced by refugees. Evidence-based mental health treatments often rely on worksheets, mobile applications, websites, or telephone calls to facilitate the management of distress outside of treatment sessions. Language barriers prevent these strategies from being incorporated into mental health treatment for refugees, which results in a significant disparity in care. Treatments delivered via mobile devices can address this barrier through the use of intuitive images that eliminate the need for text or language-based instruction.Methods: A six-week pilot study assessing the effectiveness of group intervention utilizing a language free, culturally relevant mobile health (mHealth) application was conducted in a sample of Somali-Bantu and Nepali-Bhutanese adult refugee men and women (N=18). Paired-samples t-tests were conducted to compare pre- and post-intervention levels of psychosocial distress, anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress, on the Refugee Health Screener (RHS-15) and an investigator generated coping measure.Results: Results indicated significant reduction (p<.001) in symptoms related to traumatic stress, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in addition to a significant increase (p<.001) in the use of coping skills.Conclusions: The use of a mobile mental health app, in combination with in-person therapy, was effective in reducing mental health symptomology and in increasing the use of coping skills in Somali-Bantu and Nepali-Bhutanese refugees.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on Efficacy of Vishakalpa (Shwetra lepa) in Shwetra (Vitiligo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-753
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Deshmukh ◽  
Nilima Wadnerwar ◽  
Apurva Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potent Drug ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
Shape And Size

Shwetra (Vitiligo) is a skin disease which takes longer time to cure. It affects the external beauty of the body causing social stigma, shyness, loss of confidence, fear of comments marital problems, etc. The disease needs repeated shodhana and regular internal and external shaman chikitsa for longer duration. Objectives: To study the efficacy of Vishakalpa (Shwetra lepa) alone in the management of Shwetra and to provide a potent drug for sure and quick relief from Shwetra (vitiligo), this pilot study was carried out. Material and methods: Shwetra lepa was prepared and used as local application in 15 patients having newly diagnosed patches of vitiligo. The changes in shape, size and number of patches and VETI score was assessed before and after treatment. The data was analyzed with the help of parametric and non parametric tests. Results: Though there was no significant change in VETI score, minimal reduction in shape and size of patches, daha and kandu was observed with Shwetra lepa vati. Conclusion: One month study duration for local application of Shwetra lepa vati and sample size was found to be insufficient to prove the efficacy of Shwetra lepa. Hence it is recommended that Shwetra lepa should be used alone for longer period up to 6 to 9 months or it can be used along with repeated shodhana and continuous shamana chikitsa for 2 to 6 months for effective results.

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