scholarly journals Modeling Retest Effects in Developmental Processes Using Latent Change Score Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rohit Batra ◽  
Silvia A. Bunge ◽  
Emilio Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Change Score ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Latent Change Score

scholarly journals Modeling Retest Effects in Developmental Processes Using Latent Change Score Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Batra ◽  
Silvia A. Bunge ◽  
Emilio Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Fluid Reasoning ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Latent Change Score ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Studying development processes, as they unfold over time, involves collecting repeated measures from individuals and modeling the changes over time. One methodological challenge in this type of longitudinal data is separating retest effects, due to the repeated assessments, from developmental processes such as maturation or age. In this article, we describe several specifications of latent change score models using age as the underlying time metric and include parameters to account for retest effects. We illustrate the models with data on fluid reasoning collected from children and adolescents in a cohort-sequential design ranging from 6 to 20 years. Our models include alternative approaches to specify retest effects at the structural or measurement level of the model, and as an observed or a latent covariate. We discuss the benefits and limitations of the different approaches for univariate and multivariate data in the context of studying developmental processes.

scholarly journals Are Changes in Personality Traits and Alcohol Use Associated? A Cohort Study Among Young Swiss Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Gmel ◽  
Simon Marmet ◽  
Joseph Studer ◽  
Matthias Wicki
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Direction Of Effects ◽  
Latent Change Score ◽  
Second Wave

Objective: It is well known that certain personality traits are associated with alcohol use. Because less is known about it, we wished to investigate whether changes in alcohol use were longitudinally associated with changes in personality and in which direction the influence or causation might flow.Methods: Data came from the self-reported questionnaire answers of 5,125 young men at two time points during the Cohort study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF). Their average ages were 20.0 and 25.4 years old at the first and second wave assessments, respectively. Four personality traits were measured: (a) aggression–hostility; (b) sociability; (c) neuroticism–anxiety; and (d) sensation seeking. Alcohol use was measured by volume (drinks per week) and binge drinking (about 60+ grams per occasion). Cross-lagged panel models and two-wave latent change score models were used.Results: Aggression–hostility, sensation seeking, and sociability were significantly and positively cross-sectionally associated with both alcohol use variables. Drinking volume and these three personality traits bidirectionally predicted each other. Binge drinking was bidirectionally associated with sensation-seeking only, whereas aggression–hostility and sociability only predicted binge drinking, but not vice versa. Changes in alcohol use were significantly positively associated with changes in aggression–hostility, sensation seeking, and sociability. Associations reached small Cohen's effect sizes for sociability and sensation seeking, but not for aggression–hostility. Associations with neuroticism–anxiety were mostly not significant.Conclusion: The direction of effects confirmed findings from other studies, and the association between changes in personality and alcohol use support the idea that prevention programs should simultaneously target both.

scholarly journals Bivariate Latent-Change-Score Analysis of Peer Relations From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Leading or Lagging Indicators of Psychopathology

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262096593
Author(s):  
Brent I. Rappaport ◽  
Joshua J. Jackson ◽  
Diana J. Whalen ◽  
David Pagliaccio ◽  
Joan L. Luby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Leading Indicator ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Latent Change Score

Understanding longitudinal associations between problematic peer relations and psychopathology is needed to inform public health. Three models have been proposed: Poor peer relations (a) lead or are a risk factor for psychopathology, (b) lag or are a consequence of psychopathology, or (c) both lead and lag psychopathology. Another model is that poor peer relations lead or lag psychopathology depending on the developmental period. To test these models, youths’ peer relations and clinical symptoms were assessed up to six times between ages 3 and 11 in 306 children. Bivariate latent-change-score models tested leading and lagging longitudinal relationships between children’s peer relations (peer victimization/rejection, peer-directed aggression, social withdrawal, prosocial behavior) and psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms). Peer victimization/rejection was a leading indicator of depression from early childhood into preadolescence. Peer-directed aggression was a leading indicator of externalizing symptoms (in late childhood).

scholarly journals Estimating age-based developmental trajectories using latent change score models based on measurement occasion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Measurement Occasion ◽  
Latent Change Score

Estrada, Hamagami, & Ferrer, (2019). Estimating Age-Based Developmental Trajectories Using Latent Change Score Models Based on Measurement Occasion. Multivariate Behavioral Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2019.1647822. Accelerated longitudinal designs (ALDs) are designs in which participants from different cohorts provide repeated measures covering a fraction of the time range of the study. ALDs allow researchers to study developmental processes spanning long periods within a relatively shorter time framework. The common trajectory is studied by aggregating the information provided by the different cohorts. Latent change score models (LCS) provide a powerful analytical framework to analyze data from ALDs. With developmental data, LCS models can be specified using measurement occasion as the time metric. This provides a number of benefits, but has an important limitation: It makes it not possible to characterize the longitudinal changes as a function of a developmental process such as age or biological maturation. To overcome this limitation, we propose an extension of an occasion-based LCS model that includes age differences at the first measurement occasion. We conducted a Monte Carlo study and compared the results of including different transformations of the age variable. Our results indicate that some of the proposed transformations resulted in accurate expectations for the studied process across all the ages in the study, and excellent model fit. We discuss these results and provide the R code for our analysis.

scholarly journals Change in Anti-COVID-19 Behavior and Prejudice against Minorities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Evidence from Five European Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Zingora ◽  
Sylvie Graf ◽  
Martina Hrebickova ◽  
Jaroslav Tocik ◽  
David Lacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Change Score ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Latent Change Score ◽  
Score Model

In the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital to identify factors increasing behaviors that limit the transmission of COVID-19 (i.e., anti-COVID-19 behavior) and factors protecting against the negative consequences of the pandemic on societies (i.e., prejudice). A simultaneous investigation of a change in anti-COVID behavior and prejudice during the pandemic is essential because some factors (e.g., fear of COVID-19) could increase both outcomes, whilst other factors (e.g., norms in anti-COVID behavior or intergroup contact in prejudice) could bring desirable changes in one outcome without negatively affecting the other. In a three-wave longitudinal study (NT1 = 4275) in five European countries from April to October 2020, we employed a latent change score model to distinguish between intra- and inter-individual changes in anti-COVID-19 behavior and prejudice. On the intra-individual level, anti-COVID-19 behavior was increased by anti-COVID-19 norms; and prejudice against migrants from the Middle East was influenced by positive and negative direct and mass-media intergroup contact.

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