Structural characteristics and aboveground biomass of old‐growth spruce–fir stands in the eastern Carpathian mountains, Ukraine

2010 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Keeton ◽  
M. Chernyavskyy ◽  
G. Gratzer ◽  
M. Main‐Knorn ◽  
M. Shpylchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Carpathian Mountains

Fuel succession in a western hemlock/Douglas-fir forest

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Agee ◽  
Mark H. Huff
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Tree Component ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Over Time

Fuel succession was quantified for a 515-year chronosequence in a Tsugaheterophylla/Pseudotsugamenziesii forest. Postfire stand ages selected were 1, 3, 19, 110, 181, and 515. After initial reductions due to mortality from fire in the first 3 years, live aboveground biomass in the tree component increased over time to over 1100 t/ha. Shrub and herb layer biomass was highest in year 19 and year 515. Dead aboveground biomass had different trends for different fuel size classes; normalized fuel loadings of five dead and down fuel categories peaked at four different stand ages: 1-h and 10-h timelag (TL) fuels, age 1; 100-h TL fuels, age 19; 1000-h TL fuels, age 110; >1000-h TL fuels, age 515. Surface fire behavior was highest early in the sere and lowest at ages 110–181. Old-growth forest patches appear to be best buffered against forest fire by mature forest patches rather than old growth or recently burned natural stands.

Aboveground biomass dynamics of subalpine old-growth forest in the upper reach of the Minjiang River

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 3176-3184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Guobin ◽  
Liu Shirong ◽  
Zhang Yuandong ◽  
Miao Ning ◽  
Wang Hui
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Minjiang River ◽  
Biomass Dynamics

scholarly journals Structural characteristics of the mixed spruce - fir - beech forests on Mountain Bjelasica in Montenegro

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1699-1708
Author(s):  
Milic CUROVIC ◽  
Aleksandar STIJOVIC ◽  
Velibor SPALEVIC ◽  
Branislav DUDIC ◽  
Milos PAJIC
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Growing Stock

Biogradska Gora National Park in Montenegro is part of the Bjelasica Mountain which belongs to the montane region of the Dinaric Alps. Biogradska Gora is one of the largest long-term preserved forests in the Southeast Europe. In this paper there were compared the main structural characteristics of the old-growth mixed forest of spruce (Picea abies L.), fir (Abies alba L.) and beech (Fagus moesiaca (Domin, Maly) Czecz.), from the preserved area of the Biogradska Gora, with similar managed forests from the same mountain. Basic insight into the structural characteristics of forests of spruce, fir and beech was obtained by analyzing tree species composition and two basic structural elements - number of trees and wood volume per unit area. The obtained data provides overview of the structural characteristics of these forests. The results revealed the production potential of the studied mixed forests. The average quantity of standing volume in old-growth forests of Biogradska Gora indicates very valuable and productive forest ecosystems. Presented data shows that forest ecosystems of spruce, fir and beech in the protected area of the National Park Biogradska Gora are characterized by structurally irregular forests with presence of old trees with relevant growing stock and optimal balance of beech and conifer species, while in managed forests on the same mountain, growing stock is very low and with structure which is far from optimal.

scholarly journals The Influences of Disturbance Histories and Soil Properties on Aboveground Biomass through Plant Functional Traits in a Tropical Rainforest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wensheng Bu ◽  
Cancan Zhang ◽  
Jihong Huang ◽  
Runguo Zang ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Plant Functional Traits ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Adult Tree

Research Highlights: We try to evaluate the relative contribution of environmental factors and functional traits on aboveground biomass in a species rich tropical forest ecosystem after a 40-years natural recovery. Background and Objectives: Functional traits have a potential to incorporate community dynamics into the impacts of disturbance histories or environmental conditions on ecosystem functioning, but few studies have been conducted to understand these processes. Materials and Methods: We measured plant functional traits and soil properties in the tropical montane rainforests on Hainan Island, China, which had experienced different disturbance histories (clear cutting, selective logging, and old-growth) 40 years ago. A structural equation model was used to elucidate how disturbance histories and soil factors influence aboveground biomass (AGB) across different size classes (saplings, treelets, and adult trees) through plant functional traits. Results: The results demonstrated logging stimulated seedling establishment but decreased AGB of adult trees and wood density at community-level (CWM_WD) of sapling and adult tree. Generally, CWM_WD of sapling, treelet, and adult tree decreased linearly with the increasing of specific leaf area at community-level (CWM_SLA) in old-growth forest and these two disturbed forests. Moreover, CWM_SLA explained more variation of CWM_WD with increasing intensity of logging within sapling, treelet, and adult tree. CWM_SLA and CWM_WD not only responded to environmental conditions and disturbance intensity but also affected AGB in all size classes; meanwhile, CWM_SLA was a major driver of AGB. CWM_SLA had a stronger effect on AGB in sapling and treelet classes than on the adult tree class. Conclusions: Our results suggested that disturbance history and environmental factors could directly or indirectly affect ecosystem functioning through plant functional traits. Functional traits always had a stronger effect on AGB than environmental conditions. Moreover, CWM_SLA is a key trait that can be used to link the relationship between environmental conditions and AGB.

Quantity and decay stages of coarse woody debris in old-growth subalpine spruce forests of the western Carpathians, Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2614-2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zielonka
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Cross Dating

The amount and decay stages of dead wood and the residence time of logs was studied in old-growth spruce-dominated stands in the Tatra and Babia Góra in the western Carpathian Mountains in Central Europe. The DBH of living trees and snags as well as the dimensions of logs (with a minimum diameter of 10 cm) were measured on nine sample plots with a pooled area of 4.3 ha. For the logs, the decay stage was identified according to an eight-level decay classification. Dendrochronological cross-dating was applied to 107 wood samples of logs to determine the time since death. The average volume of living trees was 454 m3/ha and the volume of coarse woody debris (CWD) averaged 191 m3/ha. The noted volume of CWD was higher than volumes reported from previous studies in the Carpathian Mountains. On average, CWD made up 30% of the total volume (living plus dead) and varied between 49% and 21% for the stands. The average age of logs for decay class 1 was 13 years and 24, 28, 38, 45, 38, and 60 years for decay classes 2–7, respectively. Considerable variation of time since death between decay classes was probably due to a variable time while dead trees remained standing as snags.

Habitat associations of black-backed and three-toed woodpeckers in the boreal forest of Alberta

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1881-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S Hoyt ◽  
Susan J Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Picoides Arcticus

Recent studies suggest that black-backed (Picoides arcticus) and three-toed woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus) might decrease in abundance because of habitat loss from fire suppression and short-rotation logging in landscapes managed for forestry. We examined black-backed and three-toed woodpecker occupancy of stands in a 2-year post-fire forest, mature and old-growth spruce and pine forests, and six post-fire coniferous forests of different ages. Three-toeds were detected in old stands and in the 2-year-old burn, and their probability of occupancy of burned forests decreased between 3 and 8 years post-fire. Within 50 km of the 2-year-old burn, black-backs were only detected in the burn and not in old-growth or mature conifer stands. However, they did occupy old coniferous stands located 75 and 150 km from the recent burn. They had a similar probability of occupying stands in the 3-, 4-, and 8-year-old burns but were not detected in the 16-year-old burn. The persistence of three-toed woodpeckers in boreal Alberta will likely depend on the presence of both old-growth and recently burned coniferous forests or forests with old-growth structural characteristics. Black-backed woodpeckers appear to be more burn dependent than three-toeds, and their long-term persistence may depend on the frequency of recently burned forests within their dispersal range.

scholarly journals Aboveground biomass increments over 26 years (1993–2019) in an old-growth cool-temperate forest in northern Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahoko Noguchi ◽  
Kazuhiko Hoshizaki ◽  
Michinari Matsushita ◽  
Daiki Sugiura ◽  
Tsutomu Yagihashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Northern Japan

Assessing long-term changes in biomass of old-growth forests is critical in evaluating forest ecosystem functions under a changing climate. Long-term biomass changes are the result of accumulated short-term changes, which can be affected by endogenous processes such as gap filling in small-scale canopy openings. Here, we used 26 years (1993–2019) of repeated tree census data in an old-growth, cool-temperate, deciduous mixed forest that contains three topographic units (riparian, denuded slope, and terrace) in northern Japan to document decadal changes in aboveground biomass (AGB) and their processes in relation to endogenous processes and climatic factors. AGB increased steadily over the 26 years in all topographic units, but different tree species contributed to the increase among the topographic units. AGB gain within each topographic unit exceeded AGB loss via tree mortality in most of the measurement periods despite substantial temporal variation in AGB loss. At the local scale, variations in AGB gain were partially explained by compensating growth of trees around canopy gaps. Climate affected the local-scale AGB gain: the gain was larger in the measurement periods with higher mean temperature during the current summer but smaller in those with higher mean temperature during the previous autumn, synchronously in all topographic units. The decadal climate trends of warming are likely to have contributed to the steady increase in AGB in this old-growth forest.

Vegetation relationships among some seral ecosystems in southwestern British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klinka ◽  
A. M. Scagel ◽  
P. J. Courtin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Site Types

A new classification scheme is proposed for managed second-growth forests, which is based upon ecologically equivalent sites rather than purely floristic or structural characteristics of vegetation. For demonstration purposes, six structural (developmental) stages were sampled and classified. The seral stages, listed in increasing age after harvesting are as follows: initial, regeneration, early immature, late immature, mature, and old growth. The results of numerical and tabular analyses suggested the presence of two major floristic groups (seral associations) of the above seral stages: (i) Epilobium – Polytrichum (initial and regeneration seral stages) and (ii) Pseudotsuga – Hylocomium (early immature to old growth seral stages). The Epilobium – Polytrichum seral association was found to represent seral vegetation of regeneration stages on four different site types, all of which are common in southwestern British Columbia.

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