scholarly journals Changes in radiation interception and R:FR over time and with canopy depth of two soybean cultivars with different branching characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Toyota ◽  
Laaorthip Maitree ◽  
Kanchana Chomsang
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Canopy Depth ◽  
Over Time

Spatio-temporal characterisation of changes in the resistance of widely grown soybean cultivars to Soybean mosaic virus across a century of breeding in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Gao ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Liwei Wang ◽  
Wensheng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Individual Strain ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Over Time

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes significant yield losses and seed-quality deterioration in the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) growing areas of China, and breeding disease-resistant cultivars is the most common approach for controlling the spread of the disease and the destruction of soybean crop. In this study, 97 widely grown soybean cultivars representing nine decades (1923–2006) of breeding from the four main soybean-producing subregions in China (Northern Heilongjiang (NH), Mid-Southern Heilongjiang (MSH), Jilin-Liaoning (JL) and Yellow–Huai-Hai River Valleys (YHH)) were inoculated with six prevalent SMV strains: SC3, SC7, SC8, SC11, SC15 and SC18. The average disease index (ADI) of the six SMV strains ranged from 26.95 to 48.97, and the numbers of resistant and susceptible cultivars to the six SMV strains ranged from 27 (27.8%) to 64 (66.0%) and 33 (34.0%) to 70 (72.2%), respectively. The ADIs of cultivars from NH, MSH, JL and YHH were 50.82, 47.27, 43.10 and 33.05, respectively. Soybean cultivars released in the 1940s and 1960s had the highest and lowest ADI values, 53.95 and 32.03, respectively. From NH and JL, all individual strain disease index (DI) values exhibited decreasing trend over time, but no decreasing trend in DI values was observed from MSH. From YHH, DI values for SC3 and SC18 displayed apparent increasing trend over time, and DI values for SC15 showed an obvious decreasing trend. In all, 24 soybean cultivars were identified as having broad-spectrum resistance, with ADI values ranging from 0.80 to 35.52 for the six SMV strains, and 13 soybean cultivars were identified as highly resistant to at least one SMV strain. The findings of this study will contribute to monitoring the pattern of spatio-temporal variation in SMV resistance in different soybean-producing areas of China and facilitate conventional and molecular breeding programs for SMV resistance in soybean.

scholarly journals Grain Yield Differences of Soybean Cultivars Due to Solar Radiation Interception

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 2795-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariele Müller ◽  
Miroslava Rakocevic ◽  
Andréia Caverzan ◽  
Geraldo Chavarria
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Identity-Preserved Soybean Tolerance to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Belfry ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Over Time

Field experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2013 near Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada to evaluate the tolerance of seven identity-preserved (IP) soybean cultivars to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides flumioxazin, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P, and sulfentrazone applied PRE; fomesafen applied POST; as well as PRE followed by (fb) POST application. Ridgetown sites demonstrated excellent tolerance (< 10% injury) to PRE treatments, whereas PRE sulfentrazone caused up to 36% injury at 1 and 2 wk after application (WAA) at Exeter. Of the PRE fb POST treatments evaluated, those containing saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P and sulfentrazone were most injurious to soybean, with cultivar being a further determinant of injury. At Exeter 1 WAA, cultivars ‘S03W4’ and ‘S23T5’ showed 23 to 27 and 45 to 46% injury for saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P and sulfentrazone when followed by POST fomesafen, respectively. Sulfentrazone application (PRE alone or fb fomesafen) consequently reduced S03W4 yield up to 38% and S23T5 up to 25%, whereas saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P fb fomesafen reduced S03W4 by 18%. In general, PRE fb POST caused more injury than PRE treatments; however, injury diminished over time and no significant reduction to soybean yield could be attributed to adding POST fomesafen. On the basis of this study, the injury from PPO herbicides applied PRE is active ingredient, cultivar, and environment specific. Although PPO herbicides have the potential to cause unacceptable crop injury in some IP soybean cultivars, selecting a tolerant cultivar will minimize yield losses.

scholarly journals Growth and Adaptation of Soybean Cultivars under Water Stress Conditions. II. Effects of leaf movement on radiation interception.

1994 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiwu WANG ◽  
Akihiro ISODA ◽  
Guozhi WEI ◽  
Takao YOSHIMURA ◽  
Toshio ISHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Leaf Movement ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Articulatory Generalization in Two Word-Medial, Ambisyllabic Contexts

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Suzanne D. Blocker ◽  
Norma J. Prater
Keyword(s):  
Common View ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unitary Concept ◽  
Over Time

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Although patterns of contextual acquisition differed, correct responses to the word-medial, inflected context (e.g., "picking," "hugging") occurred earlier and exceeded those to the word-medial, noninflected context (e.g., "bacon," "wagon"). This finding indicates that the common view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. Possible explanations for superior generalization to the word-medial, inflected position are discussed in terms of coarticulation, perceptual salience, and the representational integrity of the word.

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