The Military Operation of the EU in Chad and the Central African Republic: Good Policy, Bad Politics

Abstract Conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2004, EUFOR Althea still remains the most significant military operation of the European Union. Using the document analysis as a qualitative research tool, this paper examines the usefulness and viability of the Berlin Plus Agreements (established between NATO and the EU) in the initial planning phase of EUFOR Althea.

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Central African Republic's path to peace will be rocky

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db238816 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Central African Republic ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Armed Groups ◽

Content Type ◽

Communal Violence ◽

Un Peacekeeping ◽

Military Support ◽

Russian Military ◽

The Military ◽

The Eu

Subject Central African Republic's peace process. Significance President Faustin Archange Touadera’s government has been bolstered by Russian military support, with UN peacekeepers and the EU helping the state to re-establish a presence in provincial areas and African mediators drawing some armed groups into dialogue. Nevertheless, the Central African Republic (CAR) remains trapped in a profound crisis that will be difficult to escape. Impacts The retirement of 829 armed forces personnel could make room for former rebel fighters to be integrated into the military. Despite progress in rebuilding the judicial system, this is unlikely quickly to deter human rights violators on all sides. Sectarian factions in Bangui may stir new inter-communal violence and clashes with UN peacekeeping troops.

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EUFOR CHAD/CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: POLITIZED MANDATE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND MILITARY MANAGEMENT OF THE DARFUR CRISIS

10.51738/kpolisa2021.18.3r.1.03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 35-53

Author(s):

JOVANKA KUVEKALOVIĆ-STAMATOVIĆ ◽

VANJA GLIŠIN

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Central African Republic ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Republic ◽

Conflict Solution ◽

The Military ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

From the moment of its establishment, EUFOR Chad/Central African Republic was a specific military operation, not only from the perspective of the European Union, but the host countries as well. Mutual skepticism emerged already in the first phase of the decision-making process, when the preliminary assessments of its success and implementation were quite pessimistic. The lack of agreement among the EU Member States regarding conducting an intervention conditioned additional efforts of France, as the main initiator, to fulfil its ambitions through the decisions of Common Security and Defense Policy, thus securing its strategic position on the African continent. Equally pronounced critical blade in Chad was also covered up, having in mind that the inevitable fragmentation of ideas was avoided through a one-sided decision passed by the current political leadership. The other specificity is reflected in the fact that, based on numerous parameters, EUFOR Chad/CAR operation was assessed as the biggest intervention of the European Union conducted so far. Despite operative, logistical and financial difficulties that postponed implementation of the mandate, the operation was concluded on March 15, 2009. The logical question emerging regarding the previously stated characteristics is whether they impacted the defining of the mandate, the dynamics of its implementation and the final result of EUFOR Chad/CAR operation? The basic assumption which is the starting point for the authors of this paper states that the pronounced specificities echoed in the form of politization of the mandate and the military management of the Darfur crisis as direct motives of the operation. The lack of political mechanisms supporting the military action in conflict solution concurrently contributed to militarization of crisis management of the EU. The affirmative argument of the previously expressed statements is the impact of permanent shortages to the consistency and effectiveness of the results of EUFOR. An additional insight is expressed in the consent of the host country, the Republic of Chad, which was, in this concrete case, driven by strategic interests and strengthening of the authoritarian rule.

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Proportionality under Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello: Clarifying their Relationship

Israel Law Review ◽

10.1017/s0021223711000082 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 107-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raphaël van Steenberghe

Keyword(s):

Case Law ◽

Military Operations ◽

Military Operation ◽

Jus In Bello ◽

Jus Ad Bellum ◽

Legal Literature ◽

State Practice ◽

The Individual ◽

The Military ◽

The Relationship

Proportionality is a condition provided under both jus ad bellum and jus in bello. Based on a particular interpretation of state practice and international case law, recent legal literature argues that the two notions of proportionality are interrelated in that proportionality under jus in bello is included in the assessment of proportionality under jus ad bellum. This article seeks to refute such a position and, more generally, to clarify the relationship between the two notions of proportionality.The main argument of the article is in line with the traditional position regarding the relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello. It is argued that, although sharing common features and being somewhat interconnected, the notions of proportionality provided under these two separate branches of international law remain independent of each other, mainly because of what is referred to in this article as the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which characterises their relations. Proportionality under jus ad bellum is to be measured against the military operation as a whole, whereas proportionality under jus in bello is to be assessed against individual military attacks launched in the framework of this operation.This article nonetheless emphasises the risk of overlap between the assessments of the two notions of proportionality when the use of force involves only one or a few military operations. Indeed, in such situations, the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which normally enables one to make a distinct assessment between the two notions of proportionality, is no longer applicable since it becomes impossible to distinguish between the military operation as a whole and the individual military attacks undertaken during this operation.

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ENFORCING JURISDICTION AGAINST VESSELS SUSPECTED OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Revista de Direito Brasileira ◽

10.26668/indexlawjournals/2358-1352/2018.v20i8.4657 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Fernando Alfaro Martínez

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

South America ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Humanitarian Crisis ◽

Military Operation ◽

Migrant Smuggling ◽

The Future ◽

The Eu

Analysis of the results of EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia since the beginning of its activities in June 2015, aiming to assert the level of achievement of its goals and conclude whether the establishment of a military operation was the best option to tackle a humanitarian crisis, as well as what have been the outcomes of the Operation for migrant mobility and for the actors involved, in particular, to the European solidarity system. The overview of the data presented by EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia helps to draw considerations for the future of the EU when dealing with future similar crises, not only affecting Europe, but in any country taking in consideration the migratory exodus happening, for example in South America these days, and that may be extended internationally. Is in this cases, where people flee from their origin countries seeking for shelter, when we must be aware of the necessary guarantee of Human Rights.

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Военные конфликты как способ пополнения военного жаргона

10.18411/lj-02-2021-249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 24-26

Author(s):

О.А Брагина

Keyword(s):

Military Operation ◽

Military Conflicts ◽

The Military

The article is devoted to the study of military conflicts as a way to supplement the military jargon. General features of military jargon are considered. Examples of the formation of jargon in the course of military conflicts (Afghan war, Chechen war, military operation in Syria) are presented.

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Requirements for the environmental protection officer of the Ukrainian armed forces in view of NATO guidance documents

Environmental Problems ◽

10.23939/ep2021.02.078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 78-83

Author(s):

Serhiy Orel ◽

◽

Vadim Durach ◽

Bohdan Sjoma ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Security Measures ◽

Military Operations ◽

Military Operation ◽

Guidance Documents ◽

The Military ◽

The Impact

Military impact on the environment can be defined as two components: 1) impact on the environment in time of daily activities during the training of troops and 2) impact on the environment during the combat operation. In the Armed Forces of Ukraine, to some extent, environmental security measures are implemented only during daily operations in peacetime. As for taking into account the impact of fighting on the environment in time of planning combat operations, this issue is usually not even raised in their preparation. On the other hand, NATO member states understand that military operations can be inherently destructive to human health and the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the educational requirements for commanders, especially for officers who provide environmental protection in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, based on NATO regulations and the experience of Allies. The article considers how environmental issues are integrated into the military operation at each stage: planning, pre-deployment, deployment (execution and force rotation), redeployment, and post-deployment. The main tasks of environmental officers at each stage of the operation are defined. Based on the tasks solved by officers, the requirements for their education are formed, the subjects studied by US environmental officers are considered.

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