Gendered Legacies of Peacekeeping: Implications of Trafficking for Forced Prostitution in Bosnia–Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Diana Koester
Keyword(s):  
Forced Prostitution

Storie di violenza in infanzia e adolescenza e prostituzione in etŕ adulta: quali legami?

2009 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Emanuela Confalonieri ◽  
Cristina Giuliani ◽  
Alessandra Bongiana ◽  
Paola Pavesi
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Sexual Revictimization ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

- The present study, related to the one published some years ago (Confalonieri et al., 2004), is an investigation on forced prostitution and the related violence's types in immigrant women involved in streetwalking prostitution. Using the social records available by the Ufficio Stranieri (Comune di Milano), the purpose is to identify the presence of 1) childhood maltreatments or violence before the entry in sex exploitation market and 2) subsequent adult sexual revictimization from partners, pimps and clients. Data were analysed using phenomenological descriptive analysis. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and abuse and subsequent involvement in sex work is discussed comparing data and life histories of immigrant prostitutes coming from Nigeria and East Europe. The role played by social and contexual variables in sexual exploitation story are also considered.Key words: immigration, violence, prostitution, infancy, adulthood.Parole chiave: immigrazione, violenza, prostituzione, infanzia, etŕ adulta.

scholarly journals Over My Dead Body! Media Constructions of Forced Prostitution in the People's Republic of China

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Jeffreys
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Media Constructions ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
Sexual Services

This paper examines some of the tensions surrounding the PRC’s official policy of banning prostitution by focusing on two highly publicized cases of deceptive recruiting for sexual services—the ‘Tang Shengli Incident’ and the ‘Liu Yanhua Incident’. Both cases involve young rural women who had migrated from their native homes to other more economically developed parts of China to look for work. Both were forced to sell sex and both resisted. However, whereas Tang Shengli jumped from a building rather than be forced into prostitution, Liu Yanhua escaped from conditions akin to sexual servitude by stabbing her ‘employer’. An examination of these cases highlights some of the problems associated with efforts by the Chinese women’s media to promote and protect women’s rights in a country marked by rapid, yet unequal, economic growth and an expanding, albeit banned, sex industry.

A Feminist Analysis: Sexual Violence in the Bosnian War (1992-1995)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-267
Author(s):  
Özgenur Çaputlu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Feminist Analysis ◽  
Bosnian War ◽  
Forced Prostitution

Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its ef-fects on Yugoslavian women. Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its effects on Yugoslavian women.

Female ‘Traffickers’ and Urban Danger

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Samantha Caslin
Keyword(s):  
White Slavery ◽  
Case Load ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
The City

The examination of the LVA’s case load offered here indicates that notions of respectable and disreputable womanhood were subsumed within the LVA’s nebulous discourse around white slavery. Women who were deemed by their patrollers to be a bad influence on others were cast as potential ‘traffickers’. Indeed, setting a supposedly bad moral example to other women was enough to be construed as engaging in a form of trafficking across moral boundaries. Consequently, the LVA’s references to white slavery tell us much more about the organisation’s own moral codes than they do the extent of coerced or forced prostitution in the city.

Commentary Hidden Injuries of Research on Social Suffering Among Drug Users

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie Simmons ◽  
Kim Koester
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
Parallel Reactions

Ethnographic research with impoverished, often homeless, street drug users commonly involves the direct and indirect witnessing of various kinds of violence. Numerous methodological and ethical challenges related to the witnessing of violence have been explored in the ethnographic literature on drug use. In addition, drug-use researchers like Bourgois and Inciardi have written, at least tangentially, about the myriad emotions that come into play when especially egregious forms of interpersonal violence, such as rape, forced prostitution or gang initiations, are described by perpetrators or victims. Apart from experiencing a range of emotions, other researchers have made note of emotional difficulties experienced by researchers studying violence. For example, Dunn described the physical and emotional problems she experienced after interviewing women who had been battered. Alexander and colleagues reported parallel reactions in rape victims and rape researchers. In this paper, we draw upon our own experience as ethnographers in order to raise concerns about the emotional risks of witnessing accounts of past and current violence in the lives of street drug users who are participants in our research projects.

Close to Home

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-242
Author(s):  
Kim Thuy Seelinger
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Local Justice ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
Historical Antecedents

Abstract For decades, the ad hoc tribunals and the International Criminal Court have taken the presumptive spotlight in prosecuting international crimes cases, including those involving conflict-related sexual violence. However, recent progress in prosecuting conflict-related sexual violence in national courts has started to both fulfil and complicate the notion of ‘complementarity’ between these two arenas of international criminal justice. This article presents the historical antecedents and current diversity of national courts addressing conflict-related sexual violence. It first casts back to the 1940s, to the little-known efforts of the United War Crimes Commission that guided national authorities in their prosecution of wartime atrocities including rape and forced prostitution. It then focuses on three kinds of national courts addressing conflict-related sexual violence today: military tribunals, hybrid tribunals and ‘purely domestic’ specialized chambers, highlighting key case studies and different ways these courts have engaged international actors. In conclusion, the article confirms the growing importance and diversity of national courts in the prosecution of conflict-related sexual violence, identifying ways the international community can better support survivors’ access to this more local justice.

Clients' strict liability towards victims of sex-trafficking

Legal Studies ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-463
Author(s):  
Tsachi Keren-Paz ◽  
Nomi Levenkron
Keyword(s):  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
English Law ◽  
Sexual Services

In this paper, we argue that clients who purchase commercial sex from victims of forced prostitution should be strictly liable in torts towards the victims. Such an approach is both normatively defensible and doctrinally feasible. Fairness and equality demand that clients would compensate victims, even if one refuses to acknowledge that purchasing sex from a prostitute who might be a victim is a faulty behaviour. Clients profit from the activity of purchasing commercial sex, so fairness demands they will bear the costs they impose on victims who are unable to refuse the contact. Strict liability will bring about desirable distributive results along the lines of sex, class and race. Imposing strict liability will ensure consistency of the English law of trespass and it is supported by several instrumental considerations.Such strict liability could be grounded in battery, despite the appearance of apparent consent by the victim to sell sexual services to the client. This is so for two main reasons. First, the extreme coercion operated on the victim renders her consent void so that an innocent third party cannot rely on the appearance of consent. Secondly, the client should be considered as having constructive notice with respect to the trafficker's coercion. Our argument is supported by – but does not hinge upon accepting – the insight that the client's behaviour is ultimately faulty.

scholarly journals Trafficking in Women to Israel and Forced Prostitution

Refuge ◽  
1998 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
. Israel Women's Network
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trafficking In Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
Political Opinions ◽  
Status Of Women

The following excerpts have heen extracted from a report of the Israel Women's Network. The Israel Women's Network is a non partisan organization of women, representin a wide range of political opinions and religious outlooks, who seek to improve the status of women in Israel. The interviews and research for the report were done by Martina Vandenberg and Noga Applebaum, conducted between June 1997 and October 1997, throughout Israel. This report is the product of more than 50 interviews with Israeli law enforcement officials, government officials, academics, sex workers, crisis centre workers, Russian consular officials, and local experts.

scholarly journals THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Aldytia Bunga
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Gender Relation ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>The vulnerable groups often become the victim of adverse party of armed conflict. Women is included in there. Women in armed conflict are affected directly or indirectly by the conflict, including gender based violence like rape, forced impregnation, or forced prostitution. In addition, armed conflict also affects the gender relation related to women, for example women become the breadwinner as the result of lost of husband due to the conflict. this research aimed to discuss on the impact of armed conflict on women, how international humanitarian law protects women in armed conflict and how the implementation of that protection.</em></p>

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