Response-specific slowing in older age revealed through differential stimulus and response effects on P300 latency and reaction time

The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of acute, exhaustive, exercise on affective responses (affective valence and activation) and behavioral and cognitive performances in medical students using circumplex model, reaction time (RT), and P300, respectively. Twelve healthy, untrained, male medical students participated in self-controlled, counterbalanced trial conducted over two sessions: baseline and exercise. In the baseline session, recordings of auditory reaction time (ART), visual RT (VRT), and P300 latency and amplitude (using acoustic “oddball” paradigm) were taken at the end of 15 min seated rest. Exercise session comprised of continuous maximal graded incremental exercise until volitional exhaustion, on a computer-based motorized treadmill and recordings done after heart rate returned to within +10% of pre-exercise values. Perceived exertion, affective valence, and activation were assessed pre-exercise, during (30 s before the end of each stage), and post-exercise (immediately, 5 and 10 min after) by Borg’s scale, feeling scale (FS), and felt-arousal scale (FAS), respectively. There was marked variability in individual affective responses to a single bout of exhaustive exercise with few subjects showing activated pleasure (Energetic Arousal) and others showing activated displeasure (Tense arousal). The results further indicated an overall improvement in behavioral (as evidenced by the decrease in ART and VRT) and cognitive performances (as evidenced by increase in the P300 amplitude and decrease in the P300 latency) in medical students in the exercise session relative to the baseline session despite bidirectional shifts in valence suggesting that interdependent neural systems might mediate these effects.

Download Full-text

The Relation of P300 Latency to Reaction Time as a Function of Expectancy

Progress in Brain Research ◽

10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61693-3 ◽

1980 ◽

pp. 717-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Connie C. Duncan-Johnson ◽

Emanuel Donchin

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

P300 Latency

Download Full-text

Effects of task complexity in young and old adults: Reaction time and P300 latency are not always dissociated

Psychophysiology ◽

10.1017/s0048577299961590 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 118-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

FREN T.Y. SMULDERS ◽

J. LEON KENEMANS ◽

WOUTER F. SCHMIDT ◽

ALBERT KOK

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Task Complexity ◽

P300 Latency ◽

Old Adults

Download Full-text

P300 latency and reaction time in false recognition

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association ◽

10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_1am096 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 75 (0) ◽

pp. 1AM096-1AM096

Author(s):

Kumiko USHIWATARI ◽

Kyoko YAMADA ◽

Makoto MIYATANI

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

False Recognition ◽

P300 Latency

Download Full-text

A metric for thought: a comparison of P300 latency and reaction time

Science ◽

10.1126/science.7444452 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 211 (4477) ◽

pp. 77-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 830

Author(s):

G McCarthy ◽

E Donchin

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

P300 Latency

Download Full-text

Cognitive functions changes among Egyptian sewage network workers

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233710364966 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 229-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sahar Ali Farahat ◽

Nirmeen Adel Kishk

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Simple Reaction Time ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P300 Latency ◽

Simple Reaction ◽

Exposed Workers

The current work aimed at investigating the cognitive functions impairment among workers of sewer networks due to exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the relation of this impairment, if any, to the level of H2S exposure biomarker ‘urinary thiosulfate.’ Besides, the validity of using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) as screening test for cognitive impairment among the exposed workers was tested. The work was conducted among 33 sewage network maintenance male workers and a matched unexposed control group (n = 30). The participants were subjected to clinical neurological history, estimation of urinary thiosulfate, and assessment of cognitive dysfunction by using neurophysiological (simple reaction time, P300 test) and neuropsychological tests (Wechsler Memory Scale) and frontal executive functions tests. Clinical neurological history revealed significantly higher neurological symptoms (headache, memory defects, lack of concentration) among exposed workers compared to their controls (p < 0.05). Exposed workers had significantly prolonged simple reaction time and delayed P300 latency and showed poor performance of most of neuropsychological tests. Marked elevation of urinary thiosulfate was observed among the exposed workers (p < 0.001) but this elevation was not correlated with the duration of exposure or any of the other measured parameters. Exposed workers had significantly lower mean value of MMSE scoring than that of the controls (p < 0.001). In conclusion, exposure to H 2S among sewer network workers is associated with cognitive impairment, which can be screened by applying MMSE as a simple rapid test for H 2S occupationally exposed workers.

Download Full-text

Intravenous Lactate Prevents Cerebral Dysfunction during Hypoglycaemia in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0940157 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 157-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

P. King ◽

M.-F. Kong ◽

H. Parkin ◽

I. A. MacDonald ◽

C. Barber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽

P300 Latency ◽

Cerebral Function ◽

Auditory Brain Stem Response ◽

Auditory Brain Stem ◽

Cerebral Dysfunction ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Brain Stem Response

1. Intravenous lactate prevents cerebral dysfunction during hypoglycaemia in healthy volunteers. This study examines whether this also occurs in insulin-dependent diabetes. Changes in four-choice reaction time, auditory brain stem response, and P300 latency were used as measures of cerebral function. 2. Ten subjects were studied twice at least 4 weeks apart. Blood glucose was maintained between 5 and 8 mmol/l for 1 h before starting a 60 m-unit min−1 m−2 stepped hyperinsulinaemic clamp, achieving blood glucose concentrations of 4.5, 33 and 2.5 mmol/l. At one visit, 40 μmol min−1 kg−1 sodium lactate was infused, and at the other, normal saline. Cerebral function was measured at each blood glucose concentration. 3. Blood lactate rose to 3.32 ± 0.06 mmol/l during lactate infusion compared with 0.9 ± 0.03 mmol/l during saline infusion. Compared with the results at 4.5 mmol/l there were no significant changes at 33 mmol/l in any measure of cerebral function at either visit. At 2.5 mmol/l a significant increase in reaction time and P300 latency occurred with saline [mean change 33.1 ± 8.6 ms (P < 0.01) and 30.1 ± 9.2 ms (P < 0.01) respectively] but not lactate [mean change −5.9 ± 3.7 ms (P > 0.05) and −6 ± 7.6 ms (P > 0.05) respectively]. No significant changes occurred in auditory brain stem response. The catecholamine response to hypoglycaemia was attenuated by lactate (P < 0.05 for adrenaline and noradrenaline). 4. Thus intravenous lactate prevents cerebral dysfunction during hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetes.

Download Full-text

Retrospective lifetime dietary patterns predict cognitive performance in community-dwelling older Australians

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514000646 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 228-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Diane E. Hosking ◽

Ted Nettelbeck ◽

Carlene Wilson ◽

Vanessa Danthiir

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Choice Reaction Time ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Regression Models ◽

Older Age ◽

Health Related ◽

Retrieval Fluency

Dietary intake is a modifiable exposure that may have an impact on cognitive outcomes in older age. The long-term aetiology of cognitive decline and dementia, however, suggests that the relevance of dietary intake extends across the lifetime. In the present study, we tested whether retrospective dietary patterns from the life periods of childhood, early adulthood, adulthood and middle age predicted cognitive performance in a cognitively healthy sample of 352 older Australian adults >65 years. Participants completed the Lifetime Diet Questionnaire and a battery of cognitive tests designed to comprehensively assess multiple cognitive domains. In separate regression models, lifetime dietary patterns were the predictors of cognitive factor scores representing ten constructs derived by confirmatory factor analysis of the cognitive test battery. All regression models were progressively adjusted for the potential confounders of current diet, age, sex, years of education, English as native language, smoking history, income level, apoE ɛ4 status, physical activity, other past dietary patterns and health-related variables. In the adjusted models, lifetime dietary patterns predicted cognitive performance in this sample of older adults. In models additionally adjusted for intake from the other life periods and mechanistic health-related variables, dietary patterns from the childhood period alone reached significance. Higher consumption of the ‘coffee and high-sugar, high-fat extras’ pattern predicted poorer performance on simple/choice reaction time, working memory, retrieval fluency, short-term memory and reasoning. The ‘vegetable and non-processed’ pattern negatively predicted simple/choice reaction time, and the ‘traditional Australian’ pattern positively predicted perceptual speed and retrieval fluency. Identifying early-life dietary antecedents of older-age cognitive performance contributes to formulating strategies for delaying or preventing cognitive decline.

Download Full-text

Brain Response and Reaction Time in Natural and Comfort Conditions, with Energy-Saving Potential in an Office Environment

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14227598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7598

Author(s):

Wiwik Budiawan ◽

Hirotake Sakakibara ◽

Kazuyo Tsuzuki

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Psychological Adaptation ◽

P300 Latency ◽

Brain Response ◽

Late Positive Component ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

P300 Potential ◽

Related Potentials

Psychological adaptation to ambient temperatures is fascinating and critical, both theoretically and practically, for energy efficiency in temperate climates. In this study, we investigated and compared the brain response (event-related potentials with a late positive component and latency ~300 milliseconds; labeled “P300” in the present study) and reaction times of Indonesian participants (n = 11), as tropical natives living in Japan, and Japanese participants (n = 9) in natural (i.e., hot during the summer and cold during the winter) and comfort conditions (with cooling and heating). Thermal comfort under contrasting conditions was studied using both instruments and subjective ratings. P300 potential and reaction time were measured before and after a Uchida–Kraepelin (U–K) test (30 summation lines). The results showed that P300 potential and latency did not change between the pre- and post-U–K test among conditions in any of the groups. Furthermore, Indonesian participants showed lower P300 potential (hot conditions) and slower P300 latency (hot and cooling conditions) than Japanese participants. We also found that the reaction time of the Indonesian group significantly differed between the pre- and post-U–K test in an air-conditioned environment, with either cooling or heating. In this study, Indonesian participants demonstrated a resistance to P300 and worse reaction times during work in a thermally unfamiliar season, specifically indicated by the indifferent performances among contrasting environmental conditions. Indonesian participants also showed similar thermal and comfort sensations to Japanese participants among the conditions. In the winter, when the Indonesian neutral temperature is higher than Japanese’s, the energy consumption may increase.

Download Full-text