Major Loss of Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity at Low Spatial Frequencies in Subjects with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

IntroductionContrast sensitivity function (CSF) may better estimate a patient’s visual function compared with visual acuity (VA). Our study evaluates the quick CSF (qCSF) method to measure visual function in eyes with macular disease and good letter acuity.MethodsPatients with maculopathies (retinal vein occlusion, macula-off retinal detachment, dry age-related macular degeneration and wet age-related macular degeneration) and good letter acuity (VA ≥20/30) were included. The qCSF method uses an intelligent algorithm to measure CSF across multiple spatial frequencies. All maculopathy eyes combined and individual macular disease groups were compared with healthy control eyes. Main outcomes included area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and six CS thresholds ranging from 1 cycle per degree (cpd) to 18 cpd.Results151 eyes with maculopathy and 93 control eyes with VA ≥20/30 were included. The presence of a maculopathy was associated with significant reduction in AULCSF (β: −0.174; p<0.001) and CS thresholds at all spatial frequencies except for 18 cpd (β: −0.094 to −0.200 log CS, all p<0.01) compared with controls. Reductions in CS thresholds were most notable at low and intermediate spatial frequencies (1.5 cpd, 3 cpd and 6 cpd).ConclusionCSF measured with the qCSF active learning method was found to be significantly reduced in eyes affected by macular disease despite good VA compared with healthy control eyes. The qCSF method is a promising clinical tool to quantify subtle visual deficits that may otherwise go unrecognised by current testing methods.

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Contrast sensitivity as an outcome measure in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation due to age-related macular degeneration

Eye ◽

10.1038/sj.eye.6701717 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 1142-1150 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

J Monés ◽

G S Rubin

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Choroidal Neovascularisation ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularisation ◽

Age Related

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FUNCTIONAL METHODS OF EARLY DIAGNOSTICS OF AGE MACULAR DEGENERATION.(LITERATURE REVIEW)

UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL ◽

10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-2-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Special issue (2) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Azamat Yusupov ◽

◽

Mukhiddin Ziyoviddinov ◽

Shavkat Mukhanov ◽

O.O. Sobirov

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Functional Diagnostics ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Age Related

This article provides an unsystematic literature review devoted to analyzing the currently existing methods of functional diagnostics for age-related macular degeneration.The essence, advantages and disadvantages, and literature data on the use of such methods asphotostresstest, electrooculography, dark adaptation study, contrast sensitivity function assessment, light and color sensitivity study,electroretinographyand critical flicker fusion frequencyare described.Based on the analysis of literature data, itis shownthat currently, there is a need to searchfor informative and accessible methods of functional diagnostics in age-related macular degeneration, especially for its early diagnosis. The analysis has shown that the existing methods are mainly aimed either at fixing secondary morphological changes in the layer of pigment epithelial cells, at identifying the pathology of the pigment epithelium in conjunction with determining the function of photoreceptor elements, or at a comprehensive assessment of the structures of several layers of the retina. Keywords:age-related macular degeneration; methods of functional diagnostics; photostress test; electrooculography; contrast sensitivity

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Investigation of Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity Based on Different Color Directions and Spatial Frequencies

Acta Optica Sinica ◽

10.3788/aos201131.0133002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 0133002 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

吕玮阁 Lü Weige ◽

徐海松 Xu Haisong ◽

汪哲弘 Wang Zhehong ◽

M. Ronnier Luo M. Ronnier Luo

Keyword(s):

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Chromatic Contrast ◽

Spatial Frequencies ◽

Different Color ◽

Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity

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Spatial Integration of Objectively Equiluminous Chromatic Gratings

Perception ◽

10.1068/v970297 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 200-200

Author(s):

M I Kankaanpää ◽

J Rovamo ◽

H T Kukkonen ◽

J Hallikainen

Keyword(s):

Spatial Frequency ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Spatial Integration ◽

Chromatic Contrast ◽

Shape Difference ◽

Sensitivity Functions ◽

Spatial Frequencies ◽

Low Pass ◽

Chromatic Aberrations ◽

Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity

Contrast sensitivity functions for achromatic and chromatic gratings tend to be band-pass and low-pass in shape, respectively. Our aim was to test whether spatial integration contributes to the shape difference found at low spatial frequencies. We measured binocular chromatic contrast sensitivity as a function of grating area for objectively equiluminous red - green and blue - yellow chromatic gratings. Chromatic contrast refers to the Michelson contrast of either of the two chromatic component gratings presented in counterphase against the combined background. Grating area ( A) varied from 1 to 256 square cycles ( Af2) at spatial frequencies ( f) of 0.125 – 4.0 cycles deg−1. We used only horizontal gratings at low and medium spatial frequencies to minimise the transverse and longitudinal chromatic aberrations due to ocular optics. At all spatial frequencies studied, chromatic contrast sensitivity increased with grating area. Ac was found to be constant at low spatial frequencies (0.125 – 0.5 cycles deg−1) but decreased in inverse proportion to increasing spatial frequency at 1 – 4 cycles deg−1. Thus, spatial integration depends similarly on spatial frequency for achromatic (Luntinen et al, 1995 Vision Research35 2339 – 2346) and chromatic gratings, and differences in spatial integration do not contribute to the shape difference of the respective contrast sensitivity functions.

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Multifocal intraocular lenses and retinal diseases

Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s00417-020-04603-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 258 (4) ◽

pp. 805-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrzej Grzybowski ◽

Piotr Kanclerz ◽

Raimo Tuuminen

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Intraocular Lenses ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Visual Field Defects ◽

Retinal Diseases ◽

Epiretinal Membranes ◽

Multifocal Intraocular Lenses ◽

Age Related

Abstract Purpose Multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) are often discouraged in patients with or at risk of retinal disorders (including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and epiretinal membranes), as MIOLs are believed to reduce contrast sensitivity (CS). Concerns with MIOLs have also been raised in individuals with visual field defects, fixation instability or eccentric preferred retinal locations. The aim of this study is to review the influence of MIOL on quality of vision in patients with retinal diseases. Methods We reviewed the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies using the following keywords: multifocal intraocular lens, cataract surgery, cataract extraction, lens exchange, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and contrast sensitivity. Results Studies evaluating CS in MIOLs present conflicting results: MIOLs either did not influence CS or resulted in worse performance under low-illuminance conditions and higher spatial frequencies when compared to monofocal IOLs. Nevertheless, MIOLs preserved CS levels within the age-matched normal range. Two studies reported that patients with concurrent retinal diseases receiving a MIOL, both unilaterally and bilaterally, reported a significant improvement in visual-related outcomes. Individuals with a monofocal IOL in one eye and a MIOL in the fellow eye reported greater subjective satisfaction with the MIOL. Conclusion We were unable to find evidence suggesting that patients with retinal diseases should be advised against MIOLs. Nevertheless, more research is needed to address the aforementioned concerns and to optimize the use of MIOLs in eyes with retinal disease.

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EVALUATING CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION USING A NOVEL COMPUTER-BASED TEST, THE SPAETH/RICHMAN CONTRAST SENSITIVITY TEST

Retina ◽

10.1097/iae.0000000000000474 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1465-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Bruno M. Faria ◽

Fulya Duman ◽

Cindy X. Zheng ◽

Michael Waisbourd ◽

Lalita Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related ◽

Computer Based

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Contrast Sensitivity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Archives of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1001/archopht.1988.01060130061028 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 55-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

R. C. Kleiner ◽

C. Enger ◽

M. F. Alexander ◽

S. L. Fine

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related

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Are Spatial Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity Band-pass or Lowpass Functions?

Color and Imaging Conference ◽

10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2020.28.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (28) ◽

pp. 125-129

Author(s):

Qiang Xu ◽

Stephen Westland ◽

Marcel Lucassen ◽

Dragan Sekulovski ◽

Sophie Wuerger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Threshold Method ◽

Colour Difference ◽

Chromatic Contrast ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Colour Centres ◽

Spatial Frequencies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Band Pass ◽

Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity

The goal of this research is to generate high quality chromatic Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) over a wide range of spatial frequencies from 0.06 to 3.84 cycles per degree (cpd) surrounding 5 CIE proposed colour centres (white, red, yellow, green and blue) to study colour difference. At each centre, 6 colour directions at each of 7 frequencies were sampled, from 0.06 to 3.84 cycles per degree (cpd) corresponding to the number of cycles: from 2.3 to 144.4 respectively. A threshold method based on forced-choice stair-case was adopted to investigate the just noticeable (threshold) colour difference. The results revealed that the chromatic CSF under the present experimental conditions having many lower spatial frequencies covering five colour centres to be band pass, whereas previous results indicated it was low pass. However, this could be caused by the present experimental conditions such as fixed-size stimuli and constant luminance. The new chromatic CSF for R-G and Y-B channels were also developed.

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Colour contrast sensitivity in eyes at high risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672119866386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 1487-1494

Author(s):

Antonio Calcagni ◽

Olivia Howells ◽

Frank Eperjesi ◽

Hannah Bartlett ◽

Alastair KO Denniston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Reference Database ◽

Colour Contrast ◽

Age Related ◽

Quality Of Vision ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose: To generate the first published reference database of colour contrast sensitivity in eyes at high risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and to explore this important feature in quality of vision. Background: Quality of vision depends on many factors. Changes in chromatic contrast sensitivity remain largely unexplored in eyes at high risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration; they may however not only be relevant for quality of life but also an early indicator of the onset of the disease, so it is important to have a means to evaluate any variation in colour contrast sensitivity, especially in view of the likely increase in neovascular age-related macular degeneration as the population ages. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study evaluated colour contrast sensitivity along the protan and tritan colour axes in 145 eyes at high risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Results: Colour contrast sensitivity showed statistically significant correlations with age and visual acuity, but not gender nor laterality (i.e. whether the right or left eye was being tested). There was significant variability among individuals, especially for the tritan axis, with some subjects well within normal limits for age and others with very poor colour contrast sensitivity. Conclusion: This study has generated the first published colour contrast sensitivity reference database for eyes at high risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. It has also shown a high inter-individual variability of colour contrast sensitivity in eyes at high risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, but the significance of this is unclear. Further work is required to establish if eyes with high colour contrast sensitivity thresholds (i.e. poor colour vision) have a higher risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration over time, and this is the subject of ongoing work.

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