Forcing vine regrowth and shifting fruit ripening in a warm region to enhance fruit quality in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gu ◽  
S. D. Jacobs ◽  
B. S. Mccarthy ◽  
H. L. Gohil
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Warm Region

Fruit ripening and harvest.

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-303
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Long ◽  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Clive Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Humidity Control ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Safe Transport

Abstract This chapter provides information on the processes that occur in the sweet cherry fruit during ripening prior to harvest. Some pre-harvest disorders, such as fruit cracking, and their management are presented. Some factors to consider during the harvesting of the fruits are also discussed, along with various harvesting techniques. Some postharvest fruit quality considerations are highlighted and the importance of postharvest temperature and humidity control and safe transport of fruits from the orchard to the packing house are pointed out.

scholarly journals The Effect of Elevated CO2 on Berry Development and Bunch Structure of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Wohlfahrt ◽  
Susanne Tittmann ◽  
Dominik Schmidt ◽  
Doris Rauhut ◽  
Bernd Honermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Non Invasive

Carbon dioxide (CO2) as one of the main factors driving climate change is known to increase grapevine growth and yield and could, therefore, have an impact on the fruit quality of vines. This study reports the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on berry development and bunch structure of two grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon) within the VineyardFACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide enrichment) experiment, using must analysis and non-invasive fluorescence sensor technology. Berry development was examined on five dates over three consecutive years by analyzing total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total acidity, organic acids, nutrition status, and non-invasive Multiplex measurements. Before harvest, secondary bunches were collected to examine bunch and berry parameters. Results showed that eCO2 had little impact on berry composition of Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon during berry development, which could be related to bunch structure or single berry weight within single seasons. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) did not result in modified TSS accumulation during ripening but was directly related to the chlorophyll index SFR_R. Higher single berry weights (SBW), higher malic acid (MA), and lower tartaric acid (TAA) were examined at some stages during development of berries under eCO2 levels. Our study provides evidence that eCO2 did alter some bunch and berry parameters without a negative impact on fruit quality.

scholarly journals Increasing Nitrogen Availability at Veraison through Foliar Applications: Implications for Leaf Assimilation and Fruit Ripening under Source Limitation in ‘Chardonnay’ (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevines

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Tozzini ◽  
Paolo Sabbatini ◽  
G. Stanley Howell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Defoliation Treatment

Viticulture in Michigan is often limited by cool and humid climate conditions that impact vine growth and the achievement of adequate fruit quality at harvest. Sugars, pH, acids, and yeast available nitrogen (YAN) are indices of quality and, as such, of suitability for wine production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar nitrogen (N) fertilization applied as a 1% w/v urea solution at veraison as a method to increase canopy N availability during the fruit ripening stage. To test the effect on different source sink conditions, we imposed three levels of defoliation (0%, 33%, and 66% of leaves removed per vine) and measured net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf efficiency parameters, yield components, and fruit quality parameters. Apical leaf Pn was increased by the 33% defoliation (+12% from the undefoliated control) and by the urea application (+6%) 2 weeks after veraison. In basal leaves we observed a reduction in chlorophyll content (SPAD) and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) as a result of the defoliation treatment and secondarily by the N application, which resulted in a reduction in Pn. Therefore, mean shoot Pn was unaffected by the treatments. Although neither main nor lateral shoot growth was increased by any defoliation treatment, both percent soluble solids (%SS) and berry weight were significantly reduced by the 66% defoliation treatment. Application of urea increased yeast available amino acids by 20% but did not impact %SS or other chemical parameters indicating a different accumulation pathway for sugars and amino acids in the berry.

scholarly journals The importance of pruning to the quality of wine grape fruits (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under high-altitude tropical conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro José Almanza-Merchán ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Germán Eduardo Cely R.
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Grape Varieties

Since 1998, the Ain-Karim Vineyard has been growing different grape varieties for the production of high-altitude tropical wines in the municipality of Sutamarchan, located in the Alto Ricaurte region of Boyaca (Colombia). Pruning is used to limit the number and length of branches, generating a suitable balance between plant vigor and production; thereby, regulating fruit quantity and quality and ensuring reserves for the subsequent production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three pruning types (short = two buds on two spurs; long = five buds on three spurs and mixed = combination of short and long pruning types) on the fruit quality of V. vinifera, Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc varieties. To accomplish this, a completely randomized two-factor design was used. Physicochemical variables of fruit quality (fresh cluster weight, water content, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), technical maturity index (TMI), and pH) were determined at harvest. The long pruning type presented the highest values for the fresh cluster weight and TSS of the fruits from both varieties and a higher TMI in the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the vineyard, long pruning is the most suitable.

scholarly journals Nectarine Fruit Ripening and Quality Assessed Using the Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
D. Stefanelli ◽  
G. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Training System ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Absorbance Difference

Consistency of fruit quality is extremely important in horticulture. Fruit growth and quality in nectarine are affected by fruit position in the canopy, related to the tree shape. The “open shaped” training systems, such as Tatura Trellis, improve fruit growth and quality. The Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD) is a new marker that characterizes climacteric fruit during ripening. A study on fruit ripening was performed by using theIADon nectarine to monitor fruit maturity stages of two cultivars trained as Tatura Trellis in Victoria, Australia. Fruit of cv “Summer Flare 34” (“SF34”) grown in different positions on the tree showed high ripening homogeneity. Fruit harvested at a similar ripening stage showed fruit firmness and soluble solid content homogeneity. Fruits from hand-thinned variety “Summer Flare 26” (“SF26”) were larger in size, had advanced ripening, and showed greater homogeneity. For “SF26”, a weak correlation betweenIADand SSC was observed. The experiment showed that the Tatura Trellis training system is characterized by high homogeneity of nectarine fruit when coupled with a proper management of fruit density. It also confirmed that theIADcould be used as new nondestructive maturity index for nectarine fruit quality assessment in the field.

Water stress at the end of the pomegranate fruit ripening stage produces earlier harvest and improves fruit quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galindo ◽  
Á. Calín-Sánchez ◽  
I. Griñán ◽  
P. Rodríguez ◽  
Z.N. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Pomegranate Fruit

scholarly journals Preharvest long-term exposure to UV-B radiation promotes fruit ripening and modifies stage-specific anthocyanin metabolism in highbush blueberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishan Li ◽  
Hisayo Yamane ◽  
Ryutaro Tao
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Long Term Treatment

AbstractUltraviolet-B (UV-B) light (280–315 nm) is an important environmental signal that regulates plant development and photomorphogenesis, while also affecting the flavonoid pathway, including anthocyanin biosynthesis. Regarding the effects of UV-B radiation on fruits, the effects of a short-term or postharvest irradiation on fruit quality have been well-documented, but the effects of a long-term preharvest UV-B irradiation on fruit growth and coloration remain unclear. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effects of a long-term treatment involving an environmentally relevant UV-B dose on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) fruit. The preharvest UV-B treatment quickly promoted fruit growth and sugar accumulation, which is not commonly observed in other fruit tree species. The UV-B exposure also accelerated fruit ripening and coloration. The dual-luciferase assay proved that in blueberries, expression of VcUFGT encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis key enzyme, is positively and negatively regulated by VcMYBA1 and VcMYBC2, respectively. Throughout the fruit development stage, the UV-B treatment up-regulated VcMYBPA1 expression, which increased VcUFGT expression via VcMYBA1. In the green fruit stage, the UV-B treatment increased HY5 encoding UV receptor, which up-regulates VcMYBPA1 and down-regulates VcMYBC2, thereby promotes the accumulation of anthocyanins. On the other hand, excessive anthocyanin synthesis was inhibited by increased VcMYBC2 levels in mature fruits when exposed to UV-B light through HY5-independent pathway. In conclusion, anthocyanin-related MYB activators and repressor may coordinately balance the accumulation of anthocyanins in blueberry fruits, with UV-B treatments possibly influencing their effects in a stage-specific manner. The potential utility of preharvest UV-B treatments for improving blueberry fruit quality is discussed herein.

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