scholarly journals Increasing Nitrogen Availability at Veraison through Foliar Applications: Implications for Leaf Assimilation and Fruit Ripening under Source Limitation in ‘Chardonnay’ (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevines

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Tozzini ◽  
Paolo Sabbatini ◽  
G. Stanley Howell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Defoliation Treatment

Viticulture in Michigan is often limited by cool and humid climate conditions that impact vine growth and the achievement of adequate fruit quality at harvest. Sugars, pH, acids, and yeast available nitrogen (YAN) are indices of quality and, as such, of suitability for wine production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar nitrogen (N) fertilization applied as a 1% w/v urea solution at veraison as a method to increase canopy N availability during the fruit ripening stage. To test the effect on different source sink conditions, we imposed three levels of defoliation (0%, 33%, and 66% of leaves removed per vine) and measured net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf efficiency parameters, yield components, and fruit quality parameters. Apical leaf Pn was increased by the 33% defoliation (+12% from the undefoliated control) and by the urea application (+6%) 2 weeks after veraison. In basal leaves we observed a reduction in chlorophyll content (SPAD) and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) as a result of the defoliation treatment and secondarily by the N application, which resulted in a reduction in Pn. Therefore, mean shoot Pn was unaffected by the treatments. Although neither main nor lateral shoot growth was increased by any defoliation treatment, both percent soluble solids (%SS) and berry weight were significantly reduced by the 66% defoliation treatment. Application of urea increased yeast available amino acids by 20% but did not impact %SS or other chemical parameters indicating a different accumulation pathway for sugars and amino acids in the berry.

scholarly journals Fruit quality and production of Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay affected by partial defoliation in tropical highlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 7581-7588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Ernesto Peña Olmos ◽  
Fánor Casierra Posada
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Defoliation Treatment ◽  
Parameter Values

Using a completely randomized design with two treatments (50% defoliation and a control without defoliation) and six replications per treatment, the fruit quality and production of grape plants subjected to early partial-defoliation in Villa de Leyva - Colombia were determined. Five-year-old Vitis vinifera L. 'Chardonnay' plants were used as the plant material, planted in a trellis system with distances of 2.1 x 1 m. The plants were partially defoliated biweekly, removing every other recently emerged leaf in each of the plants subjected to the defoliation treatment. 130 days after the start of the pruning, the number of harvested clusters was determined for each of the evaluated plants along with the number of berries per cluster, the fresh weight of the clusters, the average berry weight, the fruit pH and diameter, the total soluble solids (TSS), the total titratable acidity (TTA) and the fruit maturity index (MI). The average weights of the clusters and the berries were significantly higher in the plants subjected to a reduced foliar area. All of the fruit quality parameter values increased with defoliation with the exception of TTA, which was higher in the control plants. Therefore, it was concluded that partial-defoliation had a pronounced influence on the fruit quality and production of the 'Chardonnay' grapes.

scholarly journals The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
María Carmen Antolín ◽  
María Toledo ◽  
Inmaculada Pascual ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.

scholarly journals The importance of pruning to the quality of wine grape fruits (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under high-altitude tropical conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro José Almanza-Merchán ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Germán Eduardo Cely R.
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Grape Varieties

Since 1998, the Ain-Karim Vineyard has been growing different grape varieties for the production of high-altitude tropical wines in the municipality of Sutamarchan, located in the Alto Ricaurte region of Boyaca (Colombia). Pruning is used to limit the number and length of branches, generating a suitable balance between plant vigor and production; thereby, regulating fruit quantity and quality and ensuring reserves for the subsequent production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three pruning types (short = two buds on two spurs; long = five buds on three spurs and mixed = combination of short and long pruning types) on the fruit quality of V. vinifera, Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc varieties. To accomplish this, a completely randomized two-factor design was used. Physicochemical variables of fruit quality (fresh cluster weight, water content, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), technical maturity index (TMI), and pH) were determined at harvest. The long pruning type presented the highest values for the fresh cluster weight and TSS of the fruits from both varieties and a higher TMI in the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the vineyard, long pruning is the most suitable.

scholarly journals Nutritional status, production and fruit quality of west indian cherry fertigated with nitrogen and humic substance

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayanne do Nascimento Dias ◽  
Karla dos Santos Melo de Sousa ◽  
Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima ◽  
Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante ◽  
Laura Paula Araújo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Leaf N Content

Abstract Information on humic substances (HS) associated with nitrogen fertilization in West Indian cherry is scarce in the literature. The use of soil conditioners, such as HS, can increase the efficiency in the absorption of nutrients, especially N. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate, in two production cycles, the fruit quality, yield and nutritional status of West Indian cherry as a function of fertigation with nitrogen (N) and HS in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. The experimental design was in split plots, with treatments distributed in 5 x 2 strips, referring to N doses (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended dose) and HS application (without and with), respectively, with 4 replicates and 3 plants per plot. The N source used was urea (45% N) and the HS source used was the commercial product KS100 (Omnia®), from leonardite, monthly applied at dose of 6 g plant-1. Production, yield, indices of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, and leaf contents of N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined. Fruits were evaluated for: pH, vitamin C, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA ratio. Except for leaf N content, which increased linearly with the applied doses, the leaf contents of nutrients, production and yield of West Indian cherry showed a stochastic pattern as a function of the increase in N availability and HS application. West Indian cherry plants cultivated and fertilized according to the recommendation for the crop did not respond to the evaluated treatments. Application of humic substances and N doses did not alter the post-harvest quality of West Indian cherry fruits.

scholarly journals Cover Crop and Pruning Residue Management to Reduce Nitrogen Mineral Fertilization in Mediterranean Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Antonino Pisciotta ◽  
Rosario Di Lorenzo ◽  
Agata Novara ◽  
Vito Armando Laudicina ◽  
Ettore Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover

This paper aimed to study the effect of temporary cover crop and vine pruning residue burial as alternative practices to conventional tillage on soil nitrate (NO3-N) availability and grapevine performance in the short term. The trial was carried out in a rain-fed vineyard (Vitis vinifera L., cv Grecanico dorato/140 Ruggeri) located in a traditional Mediterranean viticultural area (37°32′48′′ N; 13°00′15′′ E) in Sicily (Italy). Conventional tillage (CT) soil management was compared with winter cover crop (CC), conventional tillage plus buried pruning residue (CT + PR), and winter cover crop plus buried pruning residue (CC + PR) management treatments. Two fertilizer treatments (92 kg ha−1 of N as urea and 0 kg ha−1) were applied to the four soil management treatments. Vicia faba L. was the selected leguminous cover crop species, which was seeded in autumn and buried in spring at the same time as vine pruning residues. The soil NO3-N content was monitored, and vine vegetative growth, yield, and must quality were assessed over two seasons. Results showed that NO3-N availability strongly differed between fertilized (F) and unfertilized (UF) plots and years and among treatments. A positive effect of winter leguminous CC + PR on the Grecanico dorato grapevine performance was observed. In the UF vineyard, grape fertility, yield, Ravaz index, and total soluble solids were significantly higher in CC + PR vines than in other treatments, thus showing the reliability of reducing N mineral fertilization and related risks of excess nitrate in groundwater. The possibility of increasing the overall sustainability of rain-fed vineyards in a semiarid agro-ecosystem, without negative effects on grape and must quality, is also demonstrated.

Sepal Color Change Relates to Fruit Quality, Firmness, and Detachment Force in Erect and Semi-erect Thornless Blackberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 538f-539
Author(s):  
Herbert D. Stiles ◽  
W. Malcolm Tilson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Detachment Force ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Thornless Blackberry

Black coloration occurs before the inception of horticultural maturity, so other cues (sheen, drupelet shapes, drupelet sizes, and fruit detachment force) have been employed as indicators of physiological and horticultural maturity among erect and semi-erect thornless blackberry cultivars. A more distinct visual cue might, however, allow reductions in the variability of quality, firmness, and shelflife among manually harvested berries. Such a maturity indicator would allow researchers to select more-uniform materials for genetic and physiologic studies of blackberry fruit ripening and quality development. Our 1996 and 1997 data confirm earlier observations of sepal color relationships to fruit quality attributes (soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and sugar/acid ratio) among semi-erect cultivars, and they show that such relationships exist among erect cultivars. These data also demonstrate relationships among sepal color, fruit detachment force, and berry firmness in both phenotypes.

Changes in physico-chemical and sensory fruit quality attributes of apricot during ripening

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Munir Ahmad ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad Rajwana ◽  
Gulzar Akhtar ◽  
Kashif Razzaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Varietal Variation

Varietal variation in apricot causes differential changes in fruit quality during ripening. A study was executed to evaluate the effect of apricot varietal variation on fruit physico-chemical and sensory attributes during fruit ripening. Fruits of two apricot cultivars, ‘Old Cap’ and ‘Red Flesh’ obtained from Baluchistan were monitored at ambient conditions (25 ± 2 °C and 60-65% RH) during fruit ripening for physico-chemical and sensory attributes. Irrespective to days at shelf during fruit ripening, fruits of ‘Red Flesh’ apricot exhibited significantly reduced fruit weight loss with greater fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC), ascorbic acid and antioxidant scavenging activity (ASA) than ‘Old Cap’ apricot fruits. However, titratable acidity (TA) of ‘Old Cap’ apricot fruits remained significantly higher than ‘Red Flesh’ apricot fruits during ripening. At eating soft stage, sensory attributes including fruit pulp colour, taste, flavour and overall acceptability of ‘Red Flesh’ apricot fruits were superior to ‘Old Cap’ apricot fruits. In conclusion, ‘Red Flesh’ apricot showed better fruit physico-chemical attributes during fruit ripening and fruit sensory attributes at eating soft stage than ‘Old Cap’ apricot fruits.

scholarly journals Responses on Must and Wine Composition of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon under a Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Yvette Wohlfahrt ◽  
Claus-Dieter Patz ◽  
Dominik Schmidt ◽  
Doris Rauhut ◽  
Bernd Honermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Free Air ◽  
The Future

Challenges of climate change on the future grape and wine production are widely discussed in science and in the wine industry with the goal to maintain a consistent must and wine quality in the future. Therefore, the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2)—as one of the relevant greenhouse gases jointly responsible for a changing climate—was investigated concerning the composition of must and wine made of two grapevine cultivars V. vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon within the established VineyardFACE (Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) experiment. Must and wine analysis were conducted in three consecutive years (2014–2016) by analyzing standard must and wine parameters, e.g., total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total acidity (TA), organic acids (e.g., tartaric acid, malic acid, shikimic acid, citric acid, volatile acid and gluconic acid) or total phenolics (TP). Also, for both cultivars CIELab coordinates (L* for lightness, a* as green/red and b* as blue/yellow components) were used to test colour in young white and red wines. Additionally, total anthocyanins and monomeric indices were analyzed for young wines of the red cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. With marginal differences between CO2 treatments, the composition of must and young wines was not found to be negatively influenced by an eCO2 concentration.

scholarly journals The Exogenous Application of Micro-Nutrient Elements and Amino Acids Improved the Yield, Nutritional Status and Quality of Mango in Arid Regions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. S. Kheir ◽  
Zheli Ding ◽  
Mohamed S. Gawish ◽  
Hanan M. Abou El Ghit ◽  
Taghred A. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Yield And Quality

The mango is one of the most valuable and appealing tropical fruits due to its color, aroma, tasteful remarkable flavor, and nutritive value; however, improving the yield and quality of mango is an urgent goal in order to combat global population growth. The application of amino acids and a micronutrient mixture might improve the yield and quality features but further research is still required in arid regions. To study the combined effect of a micronutrient mixture (MM) and amino acids (AA) at different rates, twenty-seven Fagri Kalan mango trees (15 years old) were carefully selected. The foliar application effect of MM and AA on vegetative growth, total chlorophyll, leaf chemical constituents, productivity, and the fruit quality of mango trees (cv. Fagri Kalan) was investigated. The findings revealed that the investigated growth measurements and leaf chemical contents, as well as the fruiting aspects and the fruit quality improved significantly due to the application of MM and AA. A higher application rate of the micronutrient mixture (2 g L−1) in combination with the highest amino acid concentration (2 mg L−1) was the most effective combination that increased the yield, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars (TS), and total carbohydrates by 28.0%, 3.0%, 5.8% and 15.0%, respectively, relative to untreated plants. The relationship between such characteristics revealed a strong positive correlation (0.80–0.95), confirming the importance of these materials in increasing the yield and quality of mangoes. Thus, using doses of MM and AA as a foliar spray four times during each growing season is recommended under similar environmental conditions and horticulture practices used in the current experiment.

scholarly journals A combination of biochar and regulated deficit irrigation improves tomato fruit quality: A comprehensive quality analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larona Keabetswe ◽  
Guang Cheng Shao ◽  
Jintao Cui ◽  
Jia Lu ◽  
Tebogo Stimela
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ripening Stage

AbstractQuality of fresh produce is the most critical issue in the economics of a vegetable enterprise. In order to investigate the effect of biochar amendment and deficit irrigation on tomato fruit quality, experimental research was conducted under a rain shelter in southern China during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experiment consisted of five treatments. Crops were irrigated to 100% of field water capacity at all growth stages as treatments T1 and T2. The other treatments received 30% less irrigation water than T2 when its soil water content reached 70% of field capacity, and were designated as treatments T3, T4 and T5, applied at the vegetative (stage I), flowering and fruit development (stage II), and fruit ripening (stage III) stages, respectively. Treatment T1 included no biochar, while the other treatments included 10% biochar by weight. The results showed that the total soluble solids (TSS) content, sugar-to-acid ratio (SAR), vitamin C (VC) content, and colour index (CI) increased in the deficit irrigation treatments depending on the phenological stage, the fruit ripening stage in particular. Meanwhile, single fruit weight was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by water deficit at stages II and III, subsequently affecting the total fruit yield. Biochar improved soil moisture conservation and had a positive effect on fruit quality as evidenced by better single quality attributes (p < 0.05) of T2 over T1. The GRA and TOPSIS appraisal methods were used to conduct the comprehensive quality analysis. Eventually, treatment T5 ranked the best in both seasons, and this was also confirmed by the combinational evaluation method.

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