State-of-the-art review on policy and research of returning Mexican and stranded Central American youth: the absence of pluricultural/intercultural educational practice in Mexico*

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-494
Author(s):  
Omar Loera-González ◽  
Martha Montero-Sieburth
Author(s):  
Luciana Ferreira Santos ◽  
Rosinalda Aurora de Melo Teles

ResumoNeste artigo, a partir de um estudo do estado da arte, analisa-se o tema conhecimento geométrico de professores dos anos iniciais em pesquisas em educação matemática realizadas no Brasil num intervalo de 19 anos, entre 2000 e 2019. A leitura de 31 estudos em nível de mestrado e doutorado apontam que entre os aportes teóricos que embasam o conhecimento geométrico do professor, destacam-se os de Shulman (1986, 1987) e Tardif (2002). Ao longo dos anos, esses modelos teóricos tornaram-se as principais referências para análise do conhecimento/saberes de professores. Em relação aos objetivos, a maioria dos estudos buscava analisar ou identificar como a formação em serviço ou formação continuada pode influenciar na mobilização de conhecimentos/saberes pelos professores. Embora o objeto de análise fosse praticamente o mesmo e os estudos utilizassem uma abordagem qualitativa, os procedimentos metodológicos eram diversificados, incluindo estudo de caso, pesquisa-ação e análise documental. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados destacaram-se diagnósticos; registros produzidos pelas participantes; diário de campo da pesquisadora; gravações em áudio e/ou vídeo e produção de sequências didáticas, entre outras. Observou-se uma tendência em coletar informações por meio de encontros formativos, oficinas e laboratórios de matemática, possivelmente para que os pesquisadores interviessem no desenvolvimento do conhecimento geométrico dos professores. Os resultados das pesquisas analisadas apontam para fragilidades no conhecimento conceitual e prático dos professores em relação à geometria. Também indicam que os processos formativos possibilitam mudanças no conhecimento conceitual e na prática educativa a partir da reflexão dessa prática e da construção de aprendizagens.Palavras-chave: Geometria, Conhecimento de professores, Educação Matemática.AbstractIn this article, based on a state of the art study, we analyse the theme of geometric knowledge of teachers of the early years in mathematics education in research carried out in Brazil between 2000 and 2019. The reading of 31 studies at the master’s and doctoral level points out that among the theoretical contributions that support the teacher’s geometric knowledge, Shulman’s (1986, 1987) and Tardif’s (2002) stand out. Over the years, these theoretical models have become the main references for the analysis of teachers’ knowledge/know-how. Regarding the objectives, most studies sought to analyse or identify how in-service education or continuing education can influence the teachers’ mobilisation of knowledge/know-how. Although the object of analysis was practically the same and the studies used a qualitative approach, the methodological procedures were diverse, including case study, action research, and documentary analysis. As instruments of data collection, we highlight the diagnoses; registers produced by the participants; researcher’s field diary; audio and/or video recordings and production of didactic sequences, among others. There was a tendency to collect information through formative meetings, workshops, and mathematics laboratories, possibly for researchers to intervene in the development of teachers’ geometric knowledge. The results of the studies analysed point to weaknesses in the teachers’ conceptual and practical knowledge of geometry. They also indicate that the education processes enable changes in conceptual knowledge and educational practice based on the reflection of this practice and the construction of learning.Keywords: Geometry, Teachers’ knowledge, Mathematics education.ResumenEn este artículo, basado en un estudio del estado del arte, se analiza el tema conocimiento geométrico de los docentes de los años iniciales en investigaciones en educación matemática realizadas en Brasil entre 2000 y 2019. La lectura de 31 estudios a nivel de maestría y doctorado señala que entre los aportes teóricos que sustentan el conocimiento geométrico del docente, se destacan los de Shulman (1986, 1987) y Tardif (2002). A lo largo de los años, estos modelos teóricos se han convertido en los principales referentes para el análisis del conocimiento docente. En cuanto a los objetivos, la mayoría de los estudios buscaban analizar o identificar cómo la formación en servicio o continua puede influir en la movilización de conocimientos por parte de los docentes. Aunque el objeto de análisis fue prácticamente el mismo y los estudios utilizaron un enfoque cualitativo, los procedimientos metodológicos fueron diversos, incluyendo el estudio de casos, la investigación-acción y el análisis de documentos. Como instrumentos de recolección de datos, se destacaron los diagnósticos; registros producidos por los participantes; diario de campo del investigador; grabaciones de audio y/o video y producción de secuencias didácticas, entre otros. Hubo una tendencia a recolectar información a través de reuniones formativas, talleres y laboratorios de matemáticas, posiblemente para que los investigadores intervinieran en el desarrollo del conocimiento geométrico de los docentes. Los resultados de las investigaciones analizadas apuntan a debilidades en los conocimientos conceptuales y prácticos de los docentes en relación con la geometría. También indican que los procesos de formación posibilitan cambios en el conocimiento conceptual y la práctica educativa a partir de la reflexión de esta práctica y la construcción de aprendizajes.Palabras clave: Geometría, Conocimiento de los profesores, Educación matemática.


2021 ◽  
pp. 233150242110427
Author(s):  
Angel Alfonso Escamilla García

Executive Summary This paper examines the experiences of Central American youth who have attempted internal relocation before migrating internationally. Based on interviews and participant observation with Guatemalan, Honduran, and Salvadoran youth migrating through Mexico, this paper shows how youth from the Northern Countries of Central America turn to their domestic networks to escape labor exploitation and gang violence before undertaking international journeys. The paper further demonstrates how those domestic networks lead youth into contexts of poverty and violence similar to those they seek to escape, making their internal relocation a disappointment. The failure of their internal relocation attempts makes them turn to international migrant networks as their next option. This paper sheds light on the underexplored issue of internal migration among Central American youth and that migration's synergy with Central American youths’ migration to the United States. The paper finds that internal relocation is unsuccessful when the internal destination fails to resolve the issues from which youth are attempting to escape. This failure ultimately triggers their departure from their home country.


Author(s):  
Nina Bonderup Dohn

What roles can (educational) philosophy have within educational research? This question concerns the ways in which one can do philosophy as philosophy, not as something else with inspiration or data from philosophy. Further, it concerns doing philosophy within the field of educational research, that is, with the deliberate intention of engaging with educational research. The question is not how to do “philosophy of” education as a separate, outside reflection on the domain of education; instead, what is at stake is delineating the forms of cooperation that philosophy can engage in with educational research on matters of common interest. This question raises the further question of what kind of endeavor philosophy is in comparison with other kinds of investigations. A traditional answer to this question has been the claim that philosophizing consists of conceptual analysis and that philosophical analyses are a priori, providing the conceptual framework for a posteriori empirical investigations. There are several problems with the clear-cut distinction between a priori and a posteriori, but it can be made sense of if understood in a more relative sense rather than as designating absolute categories. Four different views on what philosophy is as regards other kinds of investigations are delineated, and it is pointed out which role each view correspondingly ascribes to philosophy in its cooperation with empirical educational research. The four roles are philosophy as (a) provider of a priori conceptual analyses, (b) clarifier of educational research concepts and their implications, (c) interpreter of educational research results, and (d) dialogue partner with a voice of its own. The first view of philosophy is the educational variant of the traditional view that philosophy is “queen of the sciences,” acting as conceptual legislator on what it makes sense to say. Philosophy does the conceptual groundwork a priori, as a prerequisite for empirical study and practice implementation, and research and practice then a posteriori investigate the phenomenon delimited by philosophy. Philosophers often take on this role in practice through what they write: they provide analyses of concepts that are significant within educational research, such as “knowledge,” “learning,” “value,” “Bildung,” or “becoming,” and explications of the relationships of these concepts to one another or to other concepts. The second view of philosophy is the educational variant of the opposing traditional designation of philosophy as “handmaiden to the sciences.” Here, philosophy takes a posteriori state-of-the-art educational research as its premise and outset and provides help in clarifying a priori conceptual issues within these a posteriori bounds. The third view of philosophy also takes a posteriori state-of-the-art educational research as its outset but does not content itself with being a helper. Instead, philosophy’s role is to assist educational research in interpreting its results by engaging philosophical methods. In addition to conceptual analysis, this can involve, for example, phenomenological, hermeneutical, and critical-theory analyses. Both a priori and a posteriori philosophical investigations can be undertaken in intertwinement within the a posteriori bounds. The fourth view of philosophy sees the relationship between philosophy and empirical research as symmetrical. Each party can question, challenge, support, inspire, and develop the claims set forth by the other. In this view, philosophy and empirical research within education are concerned with the same subject matter, namely, the actual empirical phenomena of education, such as human knowledge and learning; educational practice; and design of education, curricula, and activities. The research aims of philosophy and empirical research do not coincide, however: Philosophy pursues normative and foundational questions that transcend empirical accounts, and engages intertwined a priori and a posteriori investigations, whereas the various strands of empirical research investigate empirical phenomena in much greater detail.


2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Kliewer ◽  
Lenn Murrelle ◽  
Elizabeth Prom ◽  
Melva Ramirez ◽  
Patricia Obando ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Torres ◽  
Catherine DeCarlo Santiago ◽  
Katherine Kaufka Walts ◽  
Maryse H. Richards

Author(s):  
Jenna M. Loyd ◽  
Alison Mountz

The coda reflects on contemporary migration crises in order to consider how nearly four decades of commitment to deterrence and criminalization have led to a robust policing and detention infrastructure that harms already vulnerable groups of people and resists oversight and reform. Over two million people were deported during President Obama’s time in office. As a result, hundreds of thousands were separated from their families, and most struggled to repay debts from migration and make a living in economies that have undergone privatization and deregulation. This final essay reflects on the recurrence of crises during the Obama administration by examining the arrivals of Central American youth and the new round of crises presented in the opening months of the Donald Trump administration. The coda concludes with a discussion of contemporary enforcement efforts in the Caribbean, noting that history continues with Haitians as a seemingly permanent exception.


2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim L. Larson ◽  
Sharon M. Ballard ◽  
Brenda J. Nuncio ◽  
Melvin Swanson

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Jones ◽  
Roger W. Portell

Whole body asteroid fossils are rare in the geologic record and previously unreported from the Cenozoic of Florida. However, specimens of the extant species,Heliaster microbrachiusXantus, were recently discovered in upper Pliocene deposits. This marks the first reported fossil occurrence of the monogeneric Heliasteridae, a group today confined to the eastern Pacific. This discovery provides further non-molluscan evidence of the close similarities between the Neogene marine fauna of Florida and the modern fauna of the eastern Pacific. The extinction of the heliasters in the western Atlantic is consistent with the pattern of many other marine groups in the region which suffered impoverishment following uplift of the Central American isthmus.


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