The association between vehicle rim type and risk of occupant injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luke Gaylor ◽  
Mirko Junge
Keyword(s):  
Occupant Injury

Relationship between occupant injury and the perturbation mark on the velocity indicator on a cluster panel

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. -J. Kim ◽  
W. -J. Jeon ◽  
J. -J. Park ◽  
B. -S. Moon ◽  
Y. -J. Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupant Injury

An Alternative Design Approach for Vehicle Crash Safety Using Crash Pulse Optimization

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Yang ◽  
C. H. Tho ◽  
C. C. Gearhart ◽  
Y. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Numerical Optimization ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Linear Representation ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Crash Safety ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Piecewise Linear Representation ◽  
Occupant Injury

Abstract This paper presents an approach, based on numerical optimization techniques, to identify an ideal (5 star) crash pulse and generate a band of acceptable crash pulses surrounding that ideal pulse. This band can be used by engineers to quickly determine whether a design will satisfy government and corporate safety requirements, and whether the design will satisfy the requirements for a 5 star crash rating. A piecewise linear representation of the crash pulse with two plateaus is employed for its conceptual simplicity and because such a pulse has been shown to be sufficient for reproducing occupant injury behavior when used as input into MADYMO models. The piecewise linear crash pulse is parameterized with 7 design variables (5 for time domain and 2 for acceleration domain) in the optimization process. A series of sample runs are conducted to validate that pulses falling within the acceptable crash pulse band do in fact satisfy 5 star requirements.

Effects of Lumbar Spine Assemblies and Body-Borne Equipment Mass on Anthropomorphic Test Device Responses During Drop Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Aggromito ◽  
Mark Jaffrey ◽  
Allen Chhor ◽  
Bernard Chen ◽  
Wenyi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Drop Tower ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Occupant Injury ◽  
Maximum Relative Displacement ◽  
The Impact

When simulating or conducting land mine blast tests on armored vehicles to assess potential occupant injury, the preference is to use the Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD). In land blast events, neither the effect of body-borne equipment (BBE) on the ATD response nor the dynamic response index (DRI) is well understood. An experimental study was carried out using a drop tower test rig, with a rigid seat mounted on a carriage table undergoing average accelerations of 161 g and 232 g over 3 ms. A key aspect of the work looked at the various lumbar spine assemblies available for a Hybrid III ATD. These can result in different load cell orientations for the ATD which in turn can affect the load measurement in the vertical and horizontal planes. Thirty-two tests were carried out using two BBE mass conditions and three variations of ATDs. The latter were the Hybrid III with the curved (conventional) spine, the Hybrid III with the pedestrian (straight) spine, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Hybrid III which also has a straight spine. The results showed that the straight lumbar spine assemblies produced similar ATD responses in drop tower tests using a rigid seat. In contrast, the curved lumbar spine assembly generated a lower pelvis acceleration and a higher lumbar load than the straight lumbar spine assemblies. The maximum relative displacement of the lumbar spine occurred after the peak loading event, suggesting that the DRI is not suitable for assessing injury when the impact duration is short and an ATD is seated on a rigid seat on a drop tower. The peak vertical lumbar loads did not change with increasing BBE mass because the equipment mass effects did not become a factor during the peak loading event.

Occupant injury severity from lateral collisions: A literature review

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Laberge-Nadeau ◽  
François Bellavance ◽  
Stéphane Messier ◽  
Lyne Vézina ◽  
Fernand Pichette
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Occupant Injury

Development of a Stochastic Approach for Vehicle FE Models

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Riha ◽  
Joseph Hassan ◽  
Marlon Forrest ◽  
Ke Ding
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Model Input ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Occupant Injury

This paper describes the development of a mathematical model capable of providing realistic simulations of vehicle crashes by accounting for uncertainty in the model input parameters. The approach taken was to couple advanced and efficient probabilistic and reliability analysis methods with well-established, high fidelity finite element and occupant modeling software. Southwest Research Institute has developed probabilistic analysis software called NESSUS. This code was used as the framework for a stochastic crashworthiness FE model. The LS-DYNA finite element model of vehicle frontal offset impact and the MADYMO model of a 50th percentile male Hybrid III dummy were integrated with NESSUS to comprise the crashworthiness characteristics. The system reliability of the vehicle is computed by defining ten acceptance criteria performance functions; four occupant injury criteria and six compartment intrusion criteria. The reliability for each acceptance criteria was computed using NESSUS to identify the dominant acceptance criteria of the original design. The femur axial load acceptance criteria event has the lowest reliability (46%) followed by the HIC event (58%) and the door aperture closure event (73%). One approach to improve the reliability is to change vehicle parameters to improve the reliability for the dominant criteria. However, a parameter change such as vehicle strength/stiffness may have a beneficial effect on certain acceptance criteria but be detrimental to others. A system reliability analysis was used to include the contribution of all acceptance criteria to correctly quantify the vehicle reliability and identify important parameters. A redesign analysis was performed using the computed probabilistic sensitivity factors. These sensitivities were used to identify the most effective changes in model parameters to improve the reliability. A redesign using 11 design modifications was performed that increased the original reliability from 23% to 86%. Several of the design changes include increasing the rail material yield strength and reducing its variation, reducing the variation of the bumper and rail installation tolerances, and increasing the rail weld stiffness and reducing its variation. The results show that major reliability improvements for occupant injury and compartment intrusion can be realized by certain specific modifications to the model input parameters. A traditional (deterministic) method of analysis would not have suggested these modifications.

scholarly journals Severity assessment of accidents involving roadside trees based on occupant injury analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0231030
Author(s):  
Guozhu Cheng ◽  
Rui Cheng ◽  
Yulong Pei ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Weiwei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Severity Assessment ◽  
Occupant Injury ◽  
Injury Analysis

scholarly journals METODOLOGI PENGEMBANGAN MODEL SIMULASI UNTUK EVALUASI KESELAMATAN PENUMPANG FREEFALL LIFEBOAT

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Aulia Windyandari
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
Occupant Injury ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
The Impact

Aulia Windyandari, in paper simulation model of development method for passenger savety evaluation of freefaal lifeboat explain that since the launching procedure of Freefall Lifeboat (FFL) may have an impact with the water surface, the occupant injury is possible be occured in the evacuation process of the offshore structures.  The FFL shock acceleration has been conducted by the impact force when the lifeboat entry the water surface. If the shock acceleration over the human conciousness allowance, the serious injury will be happened during the FFL launching.According to the conditions, the IMO regulations have standard for the acceptance criteria of FFL shock acceleration induced by water entry impact load. The results measurement of Combined Acceleration Ratio Index (CAR) or Combined Dynamic Response Ratio Index (CDRR) should be comply with the IMO index criteria.In this paper, the methodology of FFL acceleration response prediction by the simulation model analysis will be proposed. The simulation model will be developed by using LS-Dyna code. The Simplified Arbitratry Lagrangian Eulerian Coupling will be used to define the coupling analysis between the Lifeboats (Lagrangian elements) with Water Fluids (the Eulerian Elements)Keywords: Free Fall Lifeboat, Response Acceleration, Impact Load

Designing for Rollover Impacts With Narrow Objects

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Herbst ◽  
Steven E. Meyer ◽  
Arin A. Oliver ◽  
Lauren D. Bell ◽  
Stephen M. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tilt Test ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Test Device ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Occupant Injury ◽  
Roof Strength

While some debate has existed in the literature regarding the relationship between roof crush and occupant injury, the United States (U.S.) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has identified an increased safety benefit in improving roof strength and has mandated new higher roof crush resistance requirements. Frequently, roof impacts occur in rollover crashes when a vehicle travels off the lanes of the roadway and impacts various types of narrow objects along the roadway edge such as light poles, utility poles and/or trees. A previously reported tilt-test device and methodology is presented along with a new pendulum-test device and methodology, both of which allow for dynamic, repeatable impact evaluation of vehicle roof structures with narrow objects. The data collected includes not only residual crush, but also dynamic vehicle instrumentation and high speed video analysis. Two series of full vehicle tests are reported which represent each of the methodologies. The testing conditions for each series was determined based upon analysis of a real-world narrow object rollover impact. Each testing series allows for analysis of the damage resulting from the narrow object impact to the roof structure for a production vehicle as well as one that has been structurally reinforced. Results demonstrate that the reinforced roof structure significantly reduced the roof deformation compared to that of the production roof structure. The input energy of each test and resulting damage patterns can be used as both a reconstruction tool and structural assessment test.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document