Measuring the safety impact of road infrastructure systems on driver behavior: Vehicle instrumentation and real world driving experiment

The application of complexity science to policy for critical infrastructure systems has never been more important. A number of issues highlight the need for policy to match the complexity of the co-evolving environment: increasing interdependency between utilities, uncontrolled demand leading to over use of diminishing resources, diverse technological opportunities with unclear investment choices, governance at different scales, public-private ownership differences and emerging business models. Systems are now so complex that people do not understand the interdependencies. Individual utilities are optimised with limited redundancy so that even minor failures can lead to major impacts throughout the whole infrastructure environment. This article proposes an ontology of critical infrastructure in which the points of conversion in the system are the generic units of analysis. Each conversion point has a set of properties representing its real world description. This ontological perspective highlights the inter-disciplinary nature of critical infrastructure systems. It also allows, through the adoption of an agent-based modelling approach, the simulation of different environmental constraints, such as those of resource availability. Methodologically, such modelling provides an abstracted view of infrastructure systems that simplifies the real world but allows policy options to be tested based on assumptions about behaviour in response to exogenous changes. Epistemologically, it focuses on a dynamic, co-evolutionary understanding of the system transition over time by examining holistic, systemic outcomes, connecting micro behaviours with macro structures. A case study of critical infrastructure in Yorkshire in the UK provides an exemplar of complexity in the real world. The model, a metaphysical representation, demonstrates how policy can be connected with the real world. This paper focuses on the infrastructure in the UK but the principles will apply to other countries.

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Driving Simulators for Human Vehicle Interaction Design

Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education ◽

10.1515/cplbu-2015-0034 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 297-306

Author(s):

Alexandra Tucă ◽

Valerian Croitorescu ◽

Mircea Oprean ◽

Thomas Brandemeir

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Input Signal ◽

Interaction Design ◽

High Frequency ◽

Driver Behavior ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Driving Simulators ◽

Sensory Inputs ◽

Frequency Information ◽

Busy Road

AbstractThe interaction human-vehicle, as well as driver’s behavior are subject long debated in the automotive engineering domain. Driving simulators have an extraordinary important role allowing research that would not be possible to study in real world scenarios.A driver uses his sensory inputs to obtain the required input to base his decision on. The bandwidth of the required input signal should be in accordance to the driver’s task. For simple tasks, like turning on the screen wipers or direction indicator, low frequency information is sufficient. High frequency information is required when cornering on a busy road or when driving in relatively limit situations.The optimal configuration of each sub-system remains a significant cause for debate and still poses a major challenge when considering the ability of simulators to extract realistic driver behavior. If a difference is observed between real and virtual conditions, the factors specifically cause these differences are very difficult to be explained.

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At-Risk Driving Behavior in Drivers with Diabetes: A Neuroergonomics Approach

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931213601950 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 1881-1885

Author(s):

Jennifer Merickel ◽

Robin High ◽

Lynette Smith ◽

Chris Wichman ◽

Emily Frankel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Real World ◽

Driver Behavior ◽

Wearable Sensors ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Continuous Glucose Monitor ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Driver Performance ◽

Safety Interventions ◽

And Behavior

This pilot study tackles the overarching need for driver-state detection through real-world measurements of driver behavior and physiology in at-risk drivers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). 35 drivers (19 DM, 14 comparison) participated. Real-time glucose levels were measured over four weeks with continuous glucose monitor (CGM) wearable sensors. Contemporaneous real-world driving performance and behavior were measured with in-vehicle video and electronic sensor instrumentation packages. Results showed clear links between at-risk glucose levels (particularly hypoglycemia) and changes in driver performance and behavior. DM participants often drove during at-risk glucose levels (low and high) and showed cognitive impairments in key domains for driving, which are likely linked to frequent hypoglycemia. The finding of increased driving risk in DM participants was mirrored in state records of crashes and traffic citations. Combining sensor data and phenotypes of driver behavior can inform patients, caregivers, safety interventions, policy, and design of supportive in-vehicle technology that is responsive to driver state.

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The Potential of Subliminal Information Displays to Change Driver Behavior

Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments ◽

10.1162/pres_a_00170 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 51-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andreas Riener ◽

Pierre Chalfoun ◽

Claude Frasson

Keyword(s):

Human Computer Interaction ◽

Real World ◽

Driver Behavior ◽

User Studies ◽

Interaction Techniques ◽

Information Displays ◽

Subliminal Messages ◽

History Of ◽

Near Future ◽

Fuel Costs

In the long history of subliminal messages and perception, many contradictory results have been presented. One group of researchers suggests that subliminal interaction techniques improve human–computer interaction by reducing sensory workload, whereas others have found that subliminal perception does not work. In this paper, we want to challenge this prejudice by first defining a terminology and introducing a theoretical taxonomy of mental processing states, then reviewing and discussing the potential of subliminal approaches for different sensory channels, and finally recapitulating the findings from our studies on subliminally triggered behavior change. Our objective is to mitigate driving problems caused by excessive information. Therefore, this work focuses on subliminal techniques applied to driver–vehicle interaction to induce a nonconscious change in driver behavior. Based on a survey of related work which identified the potential of subliminal cues in driving, we conducted two user studies assessing their applicability in real-world situations. The first study evaluated whether subtle (subliminal) vibrations could promote economical driving, and the second exposed drivers to very briefly flashed visual stimuli to assess their potential to improve steering behavior. Our results suggest that subliminal approaches are indeed feasible to provide drivers with added driving support without dissipating attention resources. Despite the lack of general evidence for uniform effectiveness of such interfaces in all driving circumstances, we firmly believe that such interfaces are valuable since they may eventually prevent accidents, save lives, and even reduce fuel costs and CO2 emissions for some drivers. For all these reasons, we are confident that subliminally driven interfaces will find their way into cars of the (near) future.

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Evaluation of driver-behavior models in real-world car-following task

2009 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) ◽

10.1109/icves.2009.5400201 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pongtep Angkititrakul ◽

Terashima Ryuta ◽

Toshihiro Wakita ◽

Kazuya Takeda ◽

Chiyomi Miyajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Driver Behavior ◽

Car Following ◽

Behavior Models

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Neural Networks for Driver Behavior Analysis

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10030342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 342

Author(s):

Fabio Martinelli ◽

Fiammetta Marulli ◽

Francesco Mercaldo ◽

Antonella Santone

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Real Time ◽

Real World ◽

Experimental Analysis ◽

Network Architecture ◽

Driver Behavior ◽

Neural Network Architecture ◽

Real World Data ◽

Fully Connected

The proliferation of info-entertainment systems in nowadays vehicles has provided a really cheap and easy-to-deploy platform with the ability to gather information about the vehicle under analysis. With the purpose to provide an architecture to increase safety and security in automotive context, in this paper we propose a fully connected neural network architecture considering position-based features aimed to detect in real-time: (i) the driver, (ii) the driving style and (iii) the path. The experimental analysis performed on real-world data shows that the proposed method obtains encouraging results.

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Achieving cost-efficient diversification of water infrastructure system against uncertainty using modern portfolio theory

Journal of Hydroinformatics ◽

10.2166/hydro.2018.240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 739-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sangmin Shin ◽

Heekyung Park

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Real World ◽

Portfolio Theory ◽

Water Infrastructure ◽

Expected Return ◽

Modern Portfolio Theory ◽

Infrastructure Systems ◽

Infrastructure System ◽

Current Water ◽

Cost Efficient

Abstract Recent water-related disasters have shown that not all disrupted events are prevented with water infrastructure systems and current water systems are becoming more vulnerable to disruptions due to the high uncertainty of disrupted events. Many scholars in various fields suggest diversification in the system as a way to respond to the uncertainty. In the real world, however, it is difficult to maximize its use, especially with water infrastructure, due to high costs and incomplete assessment methods. Thus this study attempts to develop a method to quantify cost-effectiveness of diversification using a drought case study in Korea. Modern Portfolio Theory is used to find optimal combinations of water resources infrastructures in terms of diversification. First, expected return and risk of individual water resources for water supply are estimated. Then, expected return and risk of individual portfolios of the water resources are evaluated by varying their shares of 0 to 100%. Finally, non-inferior portfolios are identified and an optimal portfolio for an acceptable return or risk is selected as a solution. Consequently, a portfolio is selected as a desirable one to practically enhance diversification in water infrastructure systems against real world uncertainty in consideration of cost and budget.

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