Comparison of Epidemiology of Gray Mold, Anthracnose Fruit Rot, and Powdery Mildew in Day-Neutral Strawberries in Field and High-Tunnel Conditions in Ontario

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi R. Burlakoti ◽  
John Zandstra ◽  
Karla Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Tunnel

scholarly journals Detection of Strawberry Diseases Using a Convolutional Neural Network

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Jia-Rong Xiao ◽  
Pei-Che Chung ◽  
Hung-Yi Wu ◽  
Quoc-Hung Phan ◽  
Jer-Liang Andrew Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Image Recognition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Fruit Disease

The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a high-value crop with an annual cultivated area of ~500 ha in Taiwan. Over 90% of strawberry cultivation is in Miaoli County. Unfortunately, various diseases significantly decrease strawberry production. The leaf and fruit disease became an epidemic in 1986. From 2010 to 2016, anthracnose crown rot caused the loss of 30–40% of seedlings and ~20% of plants after transplanting. The automation of agriculture and image recognition techniques are indispensable for detecting strawberry diseases. We developed an image recognition technique for the detection of strawberry diseases using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. CNN is a powerful deep learning approach that has been used to enhance image recognition. In the proposed technique, two different datasets containing the original and feature images are used for detecting the following strawberry diseases—leaf blight, gray mold, and powdery mildew. Specifically, leaf blight may affect the crown, leaf, and fruit and show different symptoms. By using the ResNet50 model with a training period of 20 epochs for 1306 feature images, the proposed CNN model achieves a classification accuracy rate of 100% for leaf blight cases affecting the crown, leaf, and fruit; 98% for gray mold cases, and 98% for powdery mildew cases. In 20 epochs, the accuracy rate of 99.60% obtained from the feature image dataset was higher than that of 1.53% obtained from the original one. This proposed model provides a simple, reliable, and cost-effective technique for detecting strawberry diseases.

scholarly journals Novel management strategy to minimize the growing threat of fruit rot and powdery mildew diseases of chilli (Capsicum annuum) in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2250-2255
Author(s):  
Abdul Kareem M ◽  
TB Allolli ◽  
Krishna Kurubetta ◽  
PS Ajjapalavar ◽  
MH Tatagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Fruit Rot

scholarly journals Day-neutral Strawberries for High Tunnel Production in the Central United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Gude ◽  
Cary L. Rivard ◽  
Sara E. Gragg ◽  
Kimberly Oxley ◽  
Petros Xanthopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production System ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
Production Space ◽  
Central United States

Specialty crop production in high tunnel systems has greatly expanded in the central United States. Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) may be a viable high-value crop for high tunnel growers, but fall-planted production systems have a high opportunity cost in regard to winter production space. This study investigates the feasibility of spring-planted day-neutral strawberry cultivars in a high tunnel production system in Kansas. Furthermore, the goals of this report are to identify day-neutral cultivars that are successful in this production system and investigate the utility of evaporative cooling (EC), as they relate to fruit yield and marketability as well as incidence of gray mold (caused by Botrytis cinerea). High tunnel trials were conducted at the Kansas State University Olathe Horticulture Research and Extension Center during 2014 and 2015. Six commercially available cultivars were evaluated: Albion, Evie 2, Monterey, Portola, San Andreas, and Seascape in both years. Mature fruit (90% to 100% red) were harvested twice weekly for total and marketable (fruit with no defects) fruit yield. The results indicate that ‘Portola’ had the highest total fruit weight in both years at 0.60 and 0.51 kg/plant, respectively, and was significantly higher than ‘Monterey’, ‘Albion’, and ‘San Andreas’ in both years (P < 0.05). In 2014, ‘Portola’, ‘San Andreas’, and ‘Albion’ produced the largest total fruit average weight (grams/fruit) and were significantly larger than ‘Seascape’ and ‘Evie 2’ (P < 0.05). In 2015, ‘Portola’ had significantly larger fruit than all the other cultivars except San Andreas (P < 0.05). Marketability percent by weight ranged from 76.5% to 88.6% across both years and the highest marketability was observed with ‘Albion’ (89% and 83%) and ‘Monterey’ (85% and 84%) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. An examination of fruit production during the early, mid-, and late seasons was used to determine seasonal dynamics of each cultivar and the high tunnel system. The overall trend was that total fruit weight was highest during the midseason and total average fruit weight was largest in the early season. However, ‘San Andreas’ and ‘Seascape’ had similar levels of production between the early and midseason and had the lowest level of production in the midseason, particularly in the 2015 trial. In our trials, the use of EC did not affect fruit weight or gray mold incidence on strawberry fruit. Based on the crop productivity observed in our study, this production system has the potential to extend the season for strawberry growers in the central United States or provide a high-value rotational crop for existing high tunnel growers that does not require winter production space.

FUNGICIDAL CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA ON FOUR STRAWBERRY VARIETIES

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Rate

Captan, dichlofluanid at a high and a low rate, thiram, and a mixture of captan and thiram were tested in a field trial to control gray mold fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. on the strawberry varieties Gorella, Midway, Redcoat and Sparkle. The mean marketable yield of the varieties was increased by dichlofluanid (low) and thiram but not by the other treatments over that of non-sprayed plots. Dichlofluanid (high) gave better control of pre-harvest fruit rot than captan. Dichlofluanid (high) significantly reduced mean fruit size. Redcoat yields were higher with the low rate than the high rate of dichlofluanid, but pre-harvest fruit rot control and fruit size did not differ with the two rates. Gorella yields and fruit size were smaller with captan + thiram than with captan or thiram. Thiram reduced fruit size on Midway. The varietal reaction to fungicides suggests that marketable yield is the most important variable in selecting a fungicide for the control of gray mold fruit rot of strawberries.

scholarly journals Protected Culture Enhances Early Season Strawberry Fruit Yield and Quality in Southern California

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1126D-1127
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Kirk Larson
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Field Production

Total and marketable yield, fruit size and fruit rot were evaluated for `Camarosa' and `Ventana' strawberries grown with or without protected culture in southern California in 2003 and 2004. In both years, bareroot transplants were established on 5 Oct. using standard “open field” production methods. Fifty-five days after transplanting, metal posts and arcs were positioned over portions of the field and covered with 0.0324-mm-thick clear polyethylene (Tufflite Thermal, Tyco Plastics, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.) to create “tunnel” structures 5 m wide, 25 m long, and 2.5 m high. Each tunnel covered three contiguous strawberry beds, and experiment design was a randomized complete block with four replications, with individual plots consisting of 20 plants. In 2003, early season (Jan.–1 Apr.) marketable yields in tunnels were 90% and 84% greater than outdoor culture for `Ventana' and `Camarosa', respectively. In 2004, use of tunnels resulted in a 140% marketable yield increase for `Ventana' and 62% for `Camarosa' (Jan.–31 Mar.); however, unusually high temperatures (38 °C) in April resulted in reduced yields in tunnels thereafter. In both years, increased early production coincided with highest fresh market fruit prices, resulting in $5700–7700 greater returns per-acre compared to open field production. For both cultivars, tunnel production resulted in 37% to 63% fewer non-marketable fruit due to less rain damage, better fruit shape, and decreased incidence of gray mold. For all treatments, fruit size decreased as the season progressed and was more pronounced in tunnels after April. Overall, these studies indicate that tunnels have potential for enhancing early-season production and profitability of strawberries in southern California.

scholarly journals Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold of Strawberry

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Mertely ◽  
Natalia A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
And Control

PP-230, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by J. C. Mertely and N. A. Peres, describes the symptoms, disease development, and control of one of the most important diseases of strawberry worldwide. Includes table of fungicides used to control Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry in Florida. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, July 2006. PP230/PP152: Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold of Strawberry (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals High Tunnel and Open Field Production of Floricane- and Primocane-fruiting Raspberry Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hanson ◽  
Mike Von Weihe ◽  
Annemiek C. Schilder ◽  
Ann M. Chanon ◽  
Joseph C. Scheerens
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Cane Blight ◽  
Field Production

Identical trials were conducted in a multibay high tunnel and an adjacent open field in southwestern Michigan to compare primocane-fruiting cultivars (Autumn Britten, Caroline, Chinook, Heritage) and floricane-fruiting cultivars (Canby, Encore, Heritage, Nova) of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). Floricane-fruiting plots of ‘Heritage’ were pruned to produce fruit on floricanes and primocanes (double cropping). The most productive cultivars in both environments were ‘Nova’ and ‘Canby’ (floricane) and ‘Caroline’ and ‘Heritage’ (primocane). These cultivars produced annual yields of 5.5 kg·m−1 row in the tunnel and 2.5 kg·m−1 row in the field. The order of primocane harvest (earliest to latest) was the same in the tunnel and field: ‘Autumn Britten’, ‘Caroline’, ‘Chinook’, and ‘Heritage’. Cultivars with the greatest average berry weight in the tunnel and field were Encore and Nova (floricane) and Autumn Britten and Caroline (primocane). ‘Chinook’ and ‘Autumn Britten’ tended to have the highest incidence of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) of primocane-fruiting cultivars, but incidence was similar in floricane cultivars. Overall mold incidence was 1% in the tunnel and 13% in the field. Leaf spot (Sphaerulina rubi), cane anthracnose (Elsinoe veneta), spur blight (Didymella applanata), and botrytis cane blight (B. cinerea) were common in the field but absent in tunnel. Phytonutritional analyses of primocane fruit indicated that genotype differences were not consistent across the two environments. Relative cultivar characteristics (harvest season, yield, berry quality) were similar in the field and tunnels, but the tunnel environment tended to increase plant vigor, yield, and fruit quality and suppress several diseases.

Phenological Aspects of Strawberry Growth Influencing Gray Mold Development in Annual Systems

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 538c-538
Author(s):  
L.M. Butler Carver ◽  
G.E. Fernandez ◽  
F.J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Relationship Of

Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa) plant phenology was evaluated at two sites in North Carolina in order to assess the relationship of plant growth and the development of gray mold fruit rot (Botrytis cinerea). Site 1 consisted of three cultivars: Camarosa (CA), Chandler (CH), and Sweet Charlie (SC) from a single nursery; site 2 consisted of cultivar CH obtained from three distinct sources. Weekly records were kept of leaf senescence, leaf emergence, flowering, and fruit set, as well as a monthly whole-plant analysis. Leaf senescence and emergence was uniform for all treatments, with >90% of transplant foliage senescing between November and December. Analysis of leaf area and plant weights reveal an increase in dry mass beginning in February and continuing through April. Although first bloom appeared in December, primary floral development occurred in late February for cultivar SC and in March for cultivars CA and CH, with blooms continuing through late May. Marketable yield was lower in cultivar SC throughout harvest, with the exception of early fruit development in March. Non-marketable yield varied, with increases in gray mold following periods of heavy rainfall. Statistical analysis of all data shows no consistent differences in plant growth or disease among treatments. Analysis of foliage revealed latent infections on transplants as the primary source of gray mold inoculum. Patterns of plant growth and corresponding disease development found in this study provide tools necessary for phenology-based control practices for the integrated management of gray mold.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of Populations Drift on Botrytis Occurrence and Resistance to Multi- and Single-Site Fungicides in Florida Southern Highbush Blueberry Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2142-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amiri ◽  
A. I. Zuniga ◽  
N. A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Germ Tube ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Southern Highbush

Incidence of blossom blight and Botrytis fruit rot (BFR), caused by Botrytis cinerea, on two southern highbush blueberry cultivars was evaluated in several blueberry fields grown in the vicinity (BB-Str(+)) or not (BB-Str(−)) of strawberry fields in central Florida. Blossom blight and BFR incidence were higher in BB-Str(+) fields in 2014 and significantly higher in 2015 compared to BB-Str(−) fields. In total, 613 B. cinerea isolates (i.e., 181 and 432 isolates from BB-Str(−) and BB-Str(+) fields, respectively) were collected. The isolates were evaluated for sensitivity to eight single-site and one multisite fungicides using a spore germination and a germ tube elongation assay. Overall, 5, 15, 24, 28, 54, and 93% of isolates collected from BB-Str(−) were resistant to penthiopyrad, cyprodinil, boscalid, fenhexamid, pyraclostrobin, and thiophanate-methyl, respectively. Respective resistance frequencies in BB-Str(+) isolates were 10, 30, 65, 66, 89, and 99%. Resistance frequencies for all fungicides were always higher in BB-Str(+) fields compared to BB-Str(−) fields. Isolates exhibiting resistance to six or five fungicides simultaneously were predominant (50 to 70%) in blueberry fields regardless if they were grown in the vicinity of strawberry fields or not. Among 308 and 305 B. cinerea isolates tested in 2014 and 2015, 41.8 and 47.1%, respectively, showed reduced sensitivity to the multisite fungicide captan. The lower label rate of captan applied preventively did not control isolates with reduced sensitivity on detached blueberry fruit. These findings suggest a potential population flow between strawberry and blueberry fields that may impact blossom blight and gray mold development in blueberry fields. The relatively lower fungicide input applied to blueberry fields compared with strawberry fields seems to be sufficient to select for resistance and multiple-resistant phenotypes in B. cinerea populations in blueberry.

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