Lateral root growth in Arabidopsis is controlled by short and long distance signaling through the LRR RLKs XIP1/CEPR1 and CEPR2

Plant organ phenotyping by non-invasive video imaging techniques provides a powerful tool to assess physiological traits and biomass production. We describe here a range of applications of a recently developed plant root monitoring platform (PlaRoM). PlaRoM consists of an imaging platform and a root extension profiling software application. This platform has been developed for multi parallel recordings of root growth phenotypes of up to 50 individual seedlings over several days, with high spatial and temporal resolution. PlaRoM can investigate root extension profiles of different genotypes in various growth conditions (e.g. light protocol, temperature, growth media). In particular, we present primary root growth kinetics that was collected over several days. Furthermore, addition of 0.01% sucrose to the growth medium provided sufficient carbohydrates to maintain reduced growth rates in extended nights. Further analysis of records obtained from the imaging platform revealed that lateral root development exhibits similar growth kinetics to the primary root, but that root hairs develop in a faster rate. The compatibility of PlaRoM with currently accessible software packages for studying root architecture will be discussed. We are aiming for a global application of our collected root images to analytical tools provided in remote locations.

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Long-distance blue light signalling regulates phosphate deficiency-induced primary root growth inhibition

Molecular Plant ◽

10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Qun Gao ◽

Ling-Hua Bu ◽

Mei-Ling Han ◽

Ya-Ling Wang ◽

Zong-Yun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Blue Light ◽

Primary Root ◽

Phosphate Deficiency ◽

Root Growth Inhibition ◽

Long Distance ◽

Light Signalling ◽

Primary Root Growth

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MiR393 and miR390 synergistically regulate lateral root growth in rice under different conditions

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-018-1488-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yuzhu Lu ◽

Zhen Feng ◽

Xuanyu Liu ◽

Liying Bian ◽

Hong Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Lateral Root

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Regulation of lateral root development by shoot-sensed far-red light via HY5 is nitrate-dependent and involves the NRT2.1 nitrate transporter

10.1101/2021.01.31.428985 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kasper van Gelderen ◽

Chiakai Kang ◽

Peijin Li ◽

Ronald Pierik

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Root System ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Red Light ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Nitrate Transporter ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Lateral Root Development ◽

Nitrate Signaling

AbstractPlants are very effective in responding to environmental changes during competition for light and nutrients. Low Red:Far-Red (low R:FR)-mediated neighbor detection allows plants to compete successfully with other plants for available light. This above-ground signal can also reduce lateral root growth by inhibiting lateral root emergence, a process that might help the plant invest resources in shoot growth. Nitrate is an essential nutrient for plant growth and Arabidopsis thaliana responds to low nitrate conditions by enhancing nutrient uptake and reducing lateral and main root growth. There are indications that low R:FR signaling and low nitrate signaling can affect each other. It is unknown which response is prioritized when low R:FR light- and low nitrate signaling co-occur. We investigated the effect of low nitrate conditions on the low R:FR response of the A. thaliana root system in agar plate media, combined with the application of supplemental Far-Red (FR) light to the shoot. We observed that under low nitrate conditions main and lateral root growth was reduced, but more importantly, that the response of the root system to low R:FR was suppressed. Consistently, a loss-of-function mutant of a nitrate transporter gene NRT2.1 lacked low R:FR-induced lateral root reduction and its root growth was hypersensitive to low nitrate. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) plays an important role in the root response to low R:FR and we found that it was less sensitive to low nitrate conditions with regards to lateral root growth. In addition, we found that low R:FR increases NRT2.1 expression and that low nitrate enhances HY5 expression. HY5 also affects NRT2.1 expression, however, it depended on the presence of ammonium in which direction this effect was. Replacing part of the nitrogen source with ammonium also removed the effect of low R:FR on the root system, showing that changes in nitrogen sources can be crucial for root plasticity. Together our results show that nitrate signaling can repress low R:FR responses and that this involves signaling via HY5 and NRT2.1.

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Messenger RNAs Mobile in Salix Matsudana Grafts Were in Association With Plant Rooting

10.21203/rs.3.rs-556961/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yin Peng ◽

Liu Xiao ◽

Lan Baoliang ◽

Cui Yu ◽

Wang Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Snp Analysis ◽

Messenger Rnas ◽

Long Distance ◽

Salix Matsudana ◽

Expression Abundance ◽

Gc Contents

Abstract Messenger RNAs exchanged between scions and rootstocks of grafted plants seriously affect their traits performance. The study goals were to identify the long-distance mRNA transmission events in grafted willows using a transcriptome analysis and to reveal the possible effects on rooting traits. The results showed that the Salix matsudana variety 9901 has better rooting ability than YJ, which reasonably improved the rooting performance of the heterologous grafts 9901 (scion) / YJ (rootstock). A transcriptome analysis showed that 2,948 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were present in the rootstock of 9901/YJ grafted plants in comparison with YJ/YJ. Among them, 692 were identified as mRNAs moved from 9901 scion based on a SNP analysis of two parents. They were mostly 1,001–1,500 bp, had 40–45% GC contents, or had expression abundance values less than 10. However, mRNAs over 4,001 bp, having 50–55% GC contents, or having expression abundance values of 10–20 were preferentially transferred. Eight mRNAs subjected to long-distance trafficking were involved in the plant hormone pathways and may significantly promote the root growth of grafted plants. Thus, heterologous grafts of Salix matsudana could efficiently influence plant rooting since of the mRNAs transport from scion to rootstock. Thus, the grafting parents and grafting patterns would be much concerned in the breeding process to gain the expected results in future.

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Studies on the Developmental Physiology of the Relationship between the Cortical Disintegration and Lateral Root Growth in Rice Seminal Roots

Japanese Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.1626/jcs.41.256 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 256-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yasuhiro KONO ◽

Norimasa YAMADA

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Developmental Physiology ◽

Seminal Roots ◽

The Relationship

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Lateral Root Priming Synergystically Arises from Root Growth and Auxin Transport Dynamics

10.1101/361709 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thea van den Berg ◽

Kirsten H. ten Tusscher

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Root Growth ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Root Formation ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Root Tip ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Elongation Zone ◽

Lateral Root Formation ◽

Cell Cycle Duration

AbstractThe root system is a major determinant of plant fitness. Its capacity to supply the plant with sufficient water and nutrients strongly depends on root system architecture, which arises from the repeated branching off of lateral roots. A critical first step in lateral root formation is priming, which prepatterns sites competent of forming a lateral root. Priming is characterized by temporal oscillations in auxin, auxin signalling and gene expression in the root meristem, which through growth become transformed into a spatially repetitive pattern of competent sites. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of auxin synthesis, transport and perception for the amplitude of these oscillations and their chances of producing an actual competent site. Additionally, repeated lateral root cap apoptosis was demonstrated to be strongly correlated with repetitive lateral root priming. Intriguingly, no single mutation has been identified that fully abolishes lateral root formation, and thusfar the mechanism underlying oscillations has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of auxin reflux loop properties combined with root growth dynamics on priming, using a computational approach. To this end we developed a novel multi-scale root model incorporating a realistic root tip architecture and reflux loop properties as well as root growth dynamics. Excitingly, in this model, repetitive auxin elevations automatically emerge. First, we show that root tip architecture and reflux loop properties result in an auxin loading zone at the start of the elongation zone, with preferential auxin loading in narrow vasculature cells. Second, we demonstrate how meristematic root growth dynamics causes regular alternations in the sizes of cells arriving at the elongation zone, which subsequently become amplified during cell expansion. These cell size differences translate into differences in cellular auxin loading potential. Combined, these properties result in temporal and spatial fluctuations in auxin levels in vasculature and pericycle cells. Our model predicts that temporal priming frequency predominantly depends on cell cycle duration, while cell cycle duration together with meristem size control lateral root spacing.

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