Second-Order Elections, but also ‘Low-Cost’ Campaigns? National Parties and Campaign Spending in European Elections: A Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Petithomme
2021 ◽  
Vol 731 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
M N Cahyadi ◽  
E Y Handoko ◽  
R Mardiyanto ◽  
I M Anjasmara ◽  
Khomsin ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 829-833
Author(s):  
Hai Song ◽  
Xing Hai Yu ◽  
Xiao Qin Zhang ◽  
Gui Fang Yan ◽  
Yuan Zhi Zhen

The purpose of this work is to prepare a low-cost biosorbent,Porous Magnetic/Chitosan Resin(MCR), and determine the ability of this biosorbent to removing Ni (II) ion from aqueous medium. Both kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were also estimated. The thermodynamic parameters indicated an exothermic spontaneous process and the kinetics followed the second-order adsorption process.


2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (9) ◽  
pp. 1275-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atta ul Haq ◽  
Muhammad Rasul Jan ◽  
Jasmin Shah ◽  
Maria Sadia ◽  
Muhammad Saeed

Abstract The presence of heavy metals in water causes serious problems and their treatment before incorporating into the water body is a challenge for researchers. The present study was conducted to compare the sorption study of Ni (II) using silica gel, amberlite IR-120 and sawdust of mulberry wood in batch system under the influence of pH, initial Ni (II) concentration and contact time. It was observed that sorption process was depending upon pH and maximum sorption was achieved at pH 7.0. Kinetic data were well fitted into pseudo-second order kinetic model due to high R2 values and closeness of experimental sorption capacity and calculated sorption capacity of pseudo-second order. Isotherms study showed that Langmuir is one of the most suitable choices to explain sorption data due to high R2 values. The monolayer sorption capacities of silica gel, amberlite IR-120 and sawdust were found to be 33.33, 25.19, and 33.67 mg g−1, respectively. Desorption study revealed that NaCl is one of the most appropriate desorbent. It may be concluded from this study that sawdust is a suitable sorbent due to low cost, abundant availability and recycling of the materials for further study.


Author(s):  
Valery Tikhvinskiy ◽  
Grigory Bochechka ◽  
Andrey Gryazev ◽  
Altay Aitmagambetov

Optimization of 3GPP standards that apply to cellular technologies and their adaptation to LPWAN has not led to positive results only enabling to compete on the market with the growing number non-cellular greenfield LPWAN technologies – LoRa, Sigfox and others. The need to take into consideration, during the 3GPP standard optimization phase, the low-cost segment of narrow-band IoT devices relying on such new technologies as LTE-M, NB-IoT and EC-GSM, has also led to a loss of a number of technical characteristics and functions that offered low latency and guaranteed the quality of service. The aim of this article is therefore to review some of the most technical limitations and restrictions of the new 3GPP IoT technologies, as well as to indicate the direction for development of future standards applicable to cellular IoT technologies.


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