Inhibitory effects of Eucalyptus saligna leaf litter on grassland species: physical versus chemical factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane R. da Silva ◽  
Luis H. R. da Silveira ◽  
Gerhard E. Overbeck ◽  
Geraldo L. G. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Chemical Factors

Phytotoxic effects of extract and essential oil of Eucalyptus saligna (Myrtaceae) leaf litter on grassland species

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane R. Silva ◽  
Diana C. Lazarotto ◽  
Joséli Schwambach ◽  
Gerhard E. Overbeck ◽  
Geraldo L. G. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Grassland Species

Under Eucalyptus plantations in the South Brazilian grassland region, few plants establish, and allelopathy may be involved in shaping this pattern. We aimed to assess the phytotoxicity of essential oil and aqueous extract of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. leaf litter on grassland species. We tested the effects of E. saligna pure oil and extract on germination, seedling growth, H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes of Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Eragrostis plana Ness (Poaceae), Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae). Essential oil and aqueous extract of E. saligna affected all recipient species, even at the lowest amounts/concentrations, inhibiting germination and initial growth, and also increasing H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes. Essential oil consisted mainly of monoterpenes and presented α-pinene and 1,8-cineole as the major compounds. The extract contained phenolics, and lower levels of these compounds in the extract were associated with decreased phytotoxicity. We conclude that E. saligna contains phytotoxic compounds in leaf litter that generate oxidative stress and lead to membrane damage, affecting seeds and seedling growth. In addition, we relate E. saligna phytotoxicity to monoterpenes that may be released from leaf litter by volatilisation, and phenolics that may be leached by rainfall. Our study indicates that E. saligna has allelopathic potential on the tested grassland species.

scholarly journals Soil chemical factors and grassland species density in Emas National Park (central Brazil)

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK. Amorim ◽  
MA. Batalha
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Tropical Grasslands ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Studies of grasslands on specific soil types suggest that different nutrients can limit biomass production and, hence, species composition and number. The Brazilian cerrado is the major savanna region in America and once covered about 2 million km², mainly in the Brazilian Central Plateau, under seasonal climate, with wet summer and dry winter. In view of the importance of soil chemical factors in the distribution of the vegetation forms within the Cerrado domain and which may influence the number of species, we analyzed some soil characteristics in three herbaceous vegetation forms - hyperseasonal cerrado, seasonal cerrado, and wet grassland - in Emas National Park, a core cerrado site, to investigate the relationship between number of species and soil characteristics. We collected vegetation and soil samples in these three vegetation forms and submitted the obtained data to multiple linear regression. We found out that aluminum and pH were the best predictors of species density, the former positively related to species density and the latter negatively related. Since the predictable variation in species density is important in determining areas of conservation, we can postulate that these two soil factors are indicators of high species density areas in tropical grasslands, which could be used in selecting priority sites for conservation.

Helminth parasitic infections of leaf litter frogs (Arthroleptis and Phrynobatrachus spp.) from cocoa plantations in southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
O. Edo-Taiwo ◽  
M.S.O. Aisien
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Edo State ◽  
The Village

The endohelminths parasitizing leaf litter frogs (LLFs) at Ojo Camp, Ugboke, Ovia South West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria were investigated. The frogs were collected from cocoa plantations (CPs) exposed to pesticides and from the village settlement (VS) located outside the pesticide use environment, for 15 months, using the Visual Acoustic Encounter Surveys method and disturbance searches. Two genera of LLFs were encountered: Arthroleptis (A. poecilonotus, A. variabilis, and six other undetermined Arthroleptis spp.) and Phrynobatrachus (P. auritus, P. plicatus, P. natalensis and Phrynobatrachus sp.). The overall prevalence of infection in LLFs from the CPs and VS were 37.4% and 50.0%, respectively but thedifference was not significant (p>0.05). The most parasitized LLF in the CPs was the unidentified Phrynobatrachus sp. (64.7%); in the VS infections were only recorded in A. poecilonotus (50%, n=4) and the single specimens of Arthroleptis sp. 2 collected from this habitat. The helminth parasites recovered included four cestodes (two adults: Cylindrotaenia jaegerskioeldi and Ophiotaenia sp.) and two larvae (two unidentified Proteocephalus spp.), three digenetic trematodes (two unidentified Mesocoelium spp. and a strigeoid larva) and eight nematode species (Amplicaecum sp.,  Aplectana sp., Cosmocerca ornata, Cosmocerca sp., Foleyellides sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp. and an Ascaridida sp.). Although the cocoa plantations had very high species richness and diversity of parasites (15 parasite species), the intensity of infection was low. This generally low infection intensity reflects the inhibitory effects of the pesticide-contaminated environment of the CPs on parasite larval development and  transmission. Keywords: Leaf litter frogs; helminth parasites; prevalence; intensity; cocoa plantations; pesticides.

scholarly journals Fungal Planet description sheets: 868–950

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Crous ◽  
A.J. Carnegie ◽  
M.J. Wingfield ◽  
R. Sharma ◽  
G. Mughini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Culture Characteristics ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti, Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil, Aspergillus bezerrae, Backusella azygospora, Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis, Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria, Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus. Croatia, Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador, Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary, Alfoldia vorosii (incl.Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India, Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy, Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan, Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia, Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia, Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique, Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal, Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand, Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway, Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland, Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal, Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia, Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae, Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia, Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa, Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. barkcanker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain, Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand, Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine, Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA, Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae, Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam, Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Bioherbicide Potential of Eucalyptus saligna Leaf Litter Essential Oil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane R. Silva ◽  
José M. Igartuburu ◽  
Gerhard E. Overbeck ◽  
Geraldo L. G. Soares ◽  
Francisco A. Macías
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna

Impact of drought on C forms and fluxes in the soil – plant continuum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Rumpel ◽  
Muhammad Sanaullah ◽  
Maria de la Luz Mora ◽  
Marcela Calabi Floody ◽  
Abad Chabbi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Management Interventions

<p>Global change is likely to increase the drought periods, which may have significant consequences for the turnover of SOM, in particular through their effect on plants. The aim of the study was to assess different compartments of the soil – plant continuum for their response to drought stress by combining field and laboratory experiments. We focused on three common grassland species (Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata) found to constitute grasslands of the temperate climate. We investigated drought impact on (1) plant biochemistry and potential mineralization of this material in soil, (2) decomposition of aboveground plant leaf litter of different quality, (3) plant-mediated soil C fluxes including (4) soil microbial biomass and their enzyme activities in the rhizosphere.</p><p>            Plant elemental and biochemical composition showed contrasting changes depending on the species in response to drought stress. The changes in elemental and biochemical composition of leaf litter, ultimately influenced its mineralization in soil. Drought stress highly modified the decomposition dynamics of litter from the three grassland species as a function of litter quality.</p><p>                 Moreover, drought stress resulted in significant decrease in both shoot and root biomass in monocultures, while root biomass did not change when they were grown in mixture. Under drought stress, we observed higher belowground allocation of photosynthates and the drought had reduced root-derived respiration. This resulted in significant changes of soil enzyme activities.</p><p>                Our results suggest that plant species and community composition strongly influenced drought effects in the rhizosphere. Thus, management interventions should aim at influencing rhizosphere processes through their impact on microbial activities affecting C, N and water cycles. Plant community composition and in particular the introduction of legumes might be a tool to attenuate drought stress not only because of different water use efficiency by plants, but also by their indirect effects on these processes.</p>

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document