Augmented Reversal of Cisplatin-Induced Delayed Gastric Emptying by Amla (Emblica Officinalis) Fruit Extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-691
Author(s):  
Asad Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Khushtar ◽  
Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Badruddeen ◽  
Ambreena Riyaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Effect of caloric content and composition of a liquid meal on gastric emptying in the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. R1163-R1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Maerz ◽  
H. Sankaran ◽  
S. J. Scharpf ◽  
C. W. Deveney
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

We examined the effect of caloric content and substrate composition on gastric emptying in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats using gastric radioscintigraphy. Three-milliliter volumes of normal saline, glucose, casein hydrolysate, or intralipid containing 0, 1, 2, 3, or 6 kcal labeled with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid were given intragastrically. Gamma-camera imaging and computer analysis allowed construction of gastric emptying curves constructed over many time points for each emptying study. There was no difference in the half-emptying times (t1/2) between different substrates with equal calories, and increasing calories significantly prolonged gastric emptying for all substrates. Emptying occurred in a linear fashion with meals containing calories. With 3-ml meals containing 2, 3, or 6 kcal, the rate of delivery of calories to the duodenum is constant regardless of substrate or change in caloric content. We conclude that the rate of caloric delivery to the small intestine with gastric infusion of 1-6 kcal is relatively constant despite differences in total caloric load, substrate composition, and osmolarity.

scholarly journals Ghrelin improves burn-induced delayed gastrointestinal transit in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R253-R257 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Sallam ◽  
H. M. Oliveira ◽  
H. T. Gan ◽  
D. N. Herndon ◽  
J. D. Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cholinergic Pathway ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Delayed gastrointestinal transit is common in patients with severe burn. Ghrelin is a potent prokinetic peptide. We aimed at testing the effect of ghrelin on burn-induced delayed gastrointestinal transit in rats. Gastric emptying (GE), intestinal transit (IT), and colonic transit (CT) studies were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomized into two main groups as follows: sham injury and ghrelin-treated burn injury with doses of 0, 2, 5, and 10 nmol/rat ip 6 h after burn. Sham/burn injury was induced under anesthesia. Rats received a phenol red meal 20 min following ghrelin injection. Based on the most effective ghrelin dose, 1 mg/kg sc atropine was given 30 min before the ghrelin in one group of rats for each study. The rats in each group were killed 30–90 min later; their stomachs, intestines, and colons were harvested immediately, and the amount of phenol red recovered was measured. Percentage of gastric emptying (GE%) and geometric center for IT and CT were calculated. We found 1) severe cutaneous burn injury significantly delayed GE, IT, and CT compared with sham injury ( P < 0.05); 2) ghrelin normalized both GE and IT, but not the CT; 3) the most effective dose of ghrelin was 2 nmol/rat; and 4) atropine blocked the prokinetic effects of ghrelin on GE% and IT. In conclusion, ghrelin normalizes burn-induced delayed GE and IT but has no effect on CT in rats. The prokinetic effects of ghrelin are exerted via the cholinergic pathway. Ghrelin may have a therapeutic potential for burn patients with delayed upper gastrointestinal transit.

Leptin-induced decrease in food intake is not associated with changes in gastric emptying in lean mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. R1007-R1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Barrachina ◽  
V. Martinez ◽  
J. Y. Wei ◽  
Y. Tache
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Recombinant Mouse ◽  
Purina Chow ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Chronic treatment with leptin regulates body weight and energy balance and reduces food intake in obese and lean mice. In 18- to 20-h fasted lean mice (C57BL/6, +/+), we examined the acute effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse leptin (0.12 mg/kg) on food intake and gastric emptying. Leptin reduced food intake, with a peak inhibition at the 5th h postinjection (69 +/- 12%/h), although there was no change in food consumption at the 1st h. Leptin did not alter the 4-h rate of gastric emptying of a solid nutrient meal (free access to Purina chow for either 1-, 2-, or 4-h period). In normal Sprague-Dawley rats fasted for 18-20 h, a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse leptin (0.2 or 1.2 mg/kg) did not modify the 7-h cumulative or hourly food intake. These results show that a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse leptin reduces food intake within 5 h while not influencing gastric emptying of ingested food in lean mice. Sprague-Dawley rats are unresponsive to the food intake-reducing effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of mouse leptin at a dose 10-fold higher than that shown to be effective in mice within the first 4-7 h postinjection.

The first of the viscoceuticals? A shear thickening gum induces gastric satiety in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. M. Wee ◽  
R. G. Lentle ◽  
K. K. T. Goh ◽  
L. Matia-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Viscous Shear

We examined the effect of gavage of 4 ml of a viscous shear-thickening polysaccharide solution (15% w/w) extracted from the fronds of the mamaku tree fern (Cythea medullaris) in reducing appetite and delaying gastric emptying in twenty six Sprague Dawley rats.

Gastric and nongastric mechanisms for satiety action of cholecystokinin

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. R628-R632 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Moran ◽  
P. R. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The quantitative relationship between cholecystokinin's (CCK) inhibitory actions on gastric emptying and feeding was examined in rats. CCK (1, 2, 4, or 8 micrograms/kg) inhibited both the gastric emptying (determined by the dye dilution method) and ingestion of a 0.5-kcal/ml glucose solution in a 30-min testing period in 20-h deprived male Sprague-Dawley rats. Comparisons of the inhibitions of gastric emptying and feeding across the dose range of CCK revealed two components of CCK satiety: one defined by a linear relationship between the gastric inhibitory and feeding inhibitory actions of CCK through a dose range of 1-4 micrograms/kg, which accounted for 64% of the variability in the satiety action of CCK, and a second that appeared to be independent of the gastric inhibitory action of CCK.

Relative rates of gastric emptying of glucose vs. fat in rats fed nonliquid meals.

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. E660
Author(s):  
D L Trout ◽  
J D Putney ◽  
E S Conway
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
High Level

Sprague-Dawley rats were briefly starved, fed various test meals, and killed at measured intervals, and the average fractional emptying (disappearance from stomach) rates for glucose (Kgl) and for fat (Kfat) were determined. The Kgl/Kfat ratio was calculated as a measure of the degree to which the stomach emptied glucose preferentially to fat. The size of the meal affected this ratio, which was 7.6 for a small (0.5 g) meal and 2.4 for a large (2.0 g) meal of a nutritionally complete diet. When test meals contained one of two levels of fat (0.4 and 0.1 g) and of glucose (1.2 and 0.3 g), the high level of fat depressed Kgl and Kgl/Kfat, whereas the high level of glucose depressed Kgl and particularly Kfat and, therefore, raised Kgl/Kfat. Kgl/Kfat was also affected by strain of rat and was reduced almost to 1.0 by mixing the meal into a viscous gel of xanthan gum. In the absence of this gel, the percentage of water existing in stomach contents shortly after the test meals varied between 53 and 79% and was suspected of influencing Kgl/Kfat.

scholarly journals Effect of Nigella sativa L. seed extract on cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in Sprague-Dawley rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreena Riyaz ◽  
Shahid Nazir ◽  
Mohammad Khushtar ◽  
Anuradha Mishra ◽  
Yasmeen Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats
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