Turkish individual pension system: from voluntary basis to automatic enrolment

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Problems have been identified pertaining to retirement scheme of the private sector employees in Malaysia where there is no legislated pension system in force. As a result of that, pension scheme and savings are more of a voluntary basis; although the principle is good but in practice many retirees suffer financially during their retirement. The objectives of this study are to examine factors contributing to individual’s retirement planning behavior and the private pension system in the private sector in Malaysia. Retirement planning behaviour in this study was measured with series of questions on behaviour about retirement planning. A total of 500 working individuals from private sectors in the age group of 40 years and above had participated in this study. The results identified several significant variables in the prediction of retirement planning among working individuals in Malaysia, including individual who had higher levels of education, higher levels of income, financial literacy, retirement goal clarity and attitude towards retirement. There is a correlation between retirement planning behavior and saving for old aged. As a response to the result collected from the survey, a legal proposition is put forward to address issues of pension during retirement among private sector’s employees.</p>

Download Full-text

Features of Calculating and Paying Compulsory Insurance Contributions to Extra-Budgetary Funds by Persons Engaged in Business Activities Without the Involvement of Hired Labor

Auditor ◽

10.12737/1998-0701-2020-42-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

D. Boboshko

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Pension System ◽

Insurance Premiums ◽

Compulsory Insurance ◽

The Status ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Hired Labor ◽

Voluntary Basis

The article deals with the system of mandatory state insurance, types of insurance premiums to non-budgetary funds of the Russian Federation and features of their payment by entrepreneurs who carry out their activities without employing employees in the status of individual entrepreneurs and self-employed. The procedure for calculating and paying mandatory insurance premiums by individual entrepreneurs «for themselves» is analyzed. The expediency and procedure of registration of self-employed persons as insurers in the pension system of the Russian Federation for payment of insurance premiums on a voluntary basis in order to form a future insurance pension is considered.

Download Full-text

The Analysis of the Danish Pension System

Finance and Credit ◽

10.24891/fc.27.8.1852 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 1852-1870

Author(s):

Svetlana V. FRUMINA

Keyword(s):

Graphical Representation ◽

Pension System ◽

Pension Reform ◽

Population Aging ◽

Pension Plans ◽

Demographic Challenges ◽

Working People ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Pension Contribution ◽

Voluntary Basis

Subject. The article focuses on the Danish pension system, which is well known for its reliability and the return on pension savings. The study discusses Denmark, because the number of population (over 80 percent) makes voluntary pension contributions, which resonates with the pension reform in the Russian Federation and the idea of convincing the Russian people make voluntary pension contribution to non-governmental pension funds. Objectives. I make suggestions on adapting Denmark’s successful practices of using such pension products that provide for voluntary pension pension contributions. I analyze the Danish pension system by tier, statistics on people involved into various pension plans, determine strengths of cumulative mechanisms, which help independently save and preserve the standard of living of working people when they retire. Methods. The article is based on methods of comparative analysis, induction, deduction, graphical representation. Results. The article shows the amount of the governmental pension in Denmark, overviews variants of pension plans with definite contributions and payments, points out some common aspects of the Russian and Danish pension systems. I explain why the pension reform is needed due to demographic challenges, such as population aging and the inability of Russia’s pay-as-you-go pension system to ensure the decent living for the retired. Conclusions and Relevance. The Danish expertise can be borrowed for the Russian practice so as to create the second and the third components (tiers) of the pension system, which would include professional and personal pension plans to be formed on the conditionally voluntary basis The suggestions herein can be used by executive authorities to outline new pension plans. As for the practical relevance, the article adapts some elements of the Danish pension system to the Russian practice.

Download Full-text

Providing Long-term Stability of Russia's Pension System

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2011-11-150-154 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 150-154

Author(s):

T. Omel'chuk

Keyword(s):

Pension System ◽

Term Stability ◽

Long Term Stability

.

Download Full-text

Economic Relations In The Public Pension System By Territory

10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.75 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oksana Skotarenko

Keyword(s):

Pension System ◽

Public Pension ◽

Economic Relations ◽

The Public ◽

Public Pension System

Download Full-text

Student construction squads: to the question of the movement origins

Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology ◽

10.15421/261808 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 43-56

Author(s):

O. L. Ryabchenko

Keyword(s):

Negative Attitude ◽

Soviet Society ◽

The 1950S ◽

Academic Year ◽

Voluntary Basis

The article deals with the illegitimacy of the identification of the mobilization campaigns of the 1920's and 1930's with the student construction movement of the 1950s-80s. It is noted that mobilizations were conducted compulsorily throughout the academic year, the students were suspended from classes for different terms, while student building units from the very beginning were formed on a voluntary basis for working during summer holidays. It is noted that the students work in the early Soviet society was not notable for enthusiasm and uplifting, since the cases of mass negative attitude towards it were recorded.

Download Full-text

CIVIL AND LEGAL LIABILITY OF JUDGES

International scientific journal Internauka Series Juridical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2308-2020-11-6439 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Yaroslav Skoromnyy ◽

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Pension System ◽

Legal Liability ◽

Judicial System ◽

Constitutional Court ◽

Model Code ◽

European Court ◽

The Status ◽

The Law ◽

The Right

The article presents the conceptual foundations of bringing judges to civil and legal liability. It was found that the civil and legal liability of judges is one of the types of legal liability of judges. It is determined that the legislation of Ukraine provides for a clearly delineated list of the main cases (grounds) for which the state is liable for damages for damage caused to a legal entity and an individual by illegal actions of a judge as a result of the administration of justice. It has been proved that bringing judges to civil and legal liability, in particular on the basis of the right of recourse, provides for the payment of just compensation in accordance with the decision of the European Court of Human Rights. It was established that the bringing of judges to civil and legal liability in Ukraine is regulated by such legislative documents as the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Explanatory Note to the European Charter on the Status of Judges (Model Code), the Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges», the Law of Ukraine «On the procedure for compensation for harm caused to a citizen by illegal actions of bodies carrying out operational-search activities, pre-trial investigation bodies, prosecutors and courts», Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case on the constitutional submission of the Supreme Court of Ukraine regarding the compliance of the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of certain provisions of Article 2, paragraph two of clause II «Final and transitional provisions» of the Law of Ukraine «On measures to legislatively ensure the reform of the pension system», Article 138 of the Law of Ukraine «On the judicial system and the status of judges» (the case on changes in the conditions for the payment of pensions and monthly living known salaries of judges lagging behind in these), the Law of Ukraine «On the implementation of decisions and the application of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights».

Download Full-text

Science Teachers’ Beliefs about Teaching and Learning Implementing Inquiery-based Learning - A Case in Qatar Government Primary Schools

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0278 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alshaima Saleh Alyafei

Keyword(s):

Science Teachers ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Teaching Experience ◽

Web Based ◽

Years Of Teaching Experience ◽

Teachers Beliefs ◽

Beliefs About Teaching ◽

Voluntary Basis

The current study investigates the beliefs held by science teachers on constructivism and a traditional approach in Qatar government primary schools. More specifically, it aims to investigate the challenges that science teachers experience during inquiry-based learning implementation. A web-based survey was conducted in order to collect data from grades 4 to 6 science teachers. A total of 112 science teachers responded and completed the survey on a voluntary basis. The results indicate that science teachers hold a higher beliefs in constructivism than traditional approach. A T-test and ANOVA analysis have showed that there is no significant differences between the beliefs of science teachers’ and their gender, level of education, and years of teaching experience. In addition, science teachers faced challenges in lesson planning, assessment, and teacher support.

Download Full-text