Simulated Time Trial Using Three Different Pedal Rate Protocols

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Douglas Loveday ◽  
J. Richard Coast
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Pedal Rate ◽  
Simulated Time

Pedaling Asymmetries in Cyclists With Unilateral Transtibial Amputation: Effect of Prosthetic Foot Stiffness

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lee Childers ◽  
Robert S. Kistenberg ◽  
Robert J. Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Transtibial Amputation ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Unique Model ◽  
Simulated Time

Cyclists with unilateral transtibial amputation (CTA) provide a unique model to study integration of the neuromuscular and bicycle systems while having the option to modify this integration via the properties of the prosthesis. This study included eight CTA and nine intact cyclists. The cyclists pedaled on a stationary bicycle with instrumented force pedals. The CTA group pedaled with a stiff or flexible prosthetic foot during a simulated time trial and a low difficulty condition. During the time trial condition, pedaling with the flexible foot resulted in force and work asymmetries of 11.4% and 30.5%, the stiff foot displayed 11.1% and 21.7%, and the intact group displayed 4.3% and 4.2%, respectively. Similar trends were shown in the low difficulty condition. These data suggest foot stiffness has an effect on cycling symmetry in amputees.

scholarly journals Brain mapping after prolonged cycling and during recovery in the heat

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1324-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin De Pauw ◽  
Bart Roelands ◽  
Uroš Marušič ◽  
Helio Fernandez Tellez ◽  
Kristel Knaepen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Simulated Time

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prolonged intensive cycling and postexercise recovery in the heat on brain sources of altered brain oscillations. After a max test and familiarization trial, nine trained male subjects (23 ± 3 yr; maximal oxygen uptake = 62.1 ± 5.3 ml·min−1·kg−1) performed three experimental trials in the heat (30°C; relative humidity 43.7 ± 5.6%). Each trial consisted of two exercise tasks separated by 1 h. The first was a 60-min constant-load trial, followed by a 30-min simulated time trial (TT1). The second comprised a 12-min simulated time trial (TT2). After TT1, active recovery (AR), passive rest (PR), or cold water immersion (CWI) was applied for 15 min. Electroencephalography was measured at baseline and during postexercise recovery. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography was applied to accurately pinpoint and localize altered electrical neuronal activity. After CWI, PR and AR subjects completed TT2 in 761 ± 42, 791 ± 76, and 794 ± 62 s, respectively. A prolonged intensive cycling performance in the heat decreased β activity across the whole brain. Postexercise AR and PR elicited no significant electrocortical differences, whereas CWI induced significantly increased β3 activity in Brodmann areas (BA) 13 (posterior margin of insular cortex) and BA 40 (supramarginal gyrus). Self-paced prolonged exercise in the heat seems to decrease β activity, hence representing decreased arousal. Postexercise CWI increased β3 activity at BA 13 and 40, brain areas involved in somatosensory information processing.

Comparisons of Models of Cognitive Strategies During a Cycling Maximal Test and Simulated Time Trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S411
Author(s):  
Brian Curry ◽  
Daniel B. Hollander ◽  
Jennifer J. Jeansonne ◽  
Ralph Wood ◽  
Edward P. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Simulated Time

scholarly journals Time course of performance changes and fatigue markers during intensified training in trained cyclists

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
Matthew W. Bridge ◽  
Romain Meeusen ◽  
Bart Busschaert ◽  
Michael Gleeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cycling Efficiency ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Simulated Time

To study the cumulative effects of exercise stress and subsequent recovery on performance changes and fatigue indicators, the training of eight endurance cyclists was systematically controlled and monitored for a 6-wk period. Subjects completed 2 wk of normal (N), intensified (ITP), and recovery training. A significant decline in maximal power output (N = 338 ± 17 W, ITP = 319 ± 17 W) and a significant increase in time to complete a simulated time trial (N = 59.4 ± 1.9 min, ITP = 65.3 ± 2.6 min) occurred after ITP in conjunction with a 29% increase in global mood disturbance. The decline in performance was associated with a 9.3% reduction in maximal heart rate, a 5% reduction in maximal oxygen uptake, and an 8.6% increase in perception of effort. Despite the large reductions in performance, no changes were observed in substrate utilization, cycling efficiency, and lactate, plasma urea, ammonia, and catecholamine concentrations. These findings indicate that a state of overreaching can already be induced after 7 days of intensified training with limited recovery.

Examination of a Computer-simulated Time-trial to Assess Cycling Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 731-732
Author(s):  
Michael J. Saunders ◽  
Tiffany L. Acker ◽  
Rachel L. Ondek ◽  
Brooke M. Shafer ◽  
Qingnian Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Simulated Time

Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine on Simulated Time-Trial Performance Are Independent of Fitness Level

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Anthony Astorino ◽  
Trisha Cottrell ◽  
Andrea Talhami Lozano ◽  
Kylan Aburto-Pratt ◽  
Jessica Duhon
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Ergogenic Effects ◽  
Simulated Time ◽  
Trial Performance

Effects of Different Stepwise Reduction Taper Protocols on Cycling Performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patrick Neary ◽  
Yagesh N. Bhambhani ◽  
Donald C. Mckenzie
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Baseline Training ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Stepwise Reduction ◽  
Simulated Time ◽  
Trial Performance

This study examined the effects of different 7-day taper protocols on simulated 20-km time trials (20TT). Following 3 weeks of baseline training, 11 male cyclists ([Formula: see text]= 4.78 ± 0.66 L•min−1) were randomly assigned to one of three stepwise reduction tapers in which training volume was reduced by 30% (T30, n = 5), 50% (T50, n = 6), or 80% (T80, n = 6) of baseline training with intensity (85% [Formula: see text]) maintained. Cardiorespiratory measurements were collected every 5 km during the 20TT. Results revealed a significant (5.4%,p ≤ 0.05) improvement in 20TT performance in the T50 protocol with concomitant increases in [Formula: see text] and O2 pulse. No significant differences were found in T30 or T80. These results showed that a moderate (50%) reduction in weekly training volume appeared to be optimal in terms of enhancing performance. This confirms the contention that proper placement of training volume during tapering, while maintaining exercise intensity, can elicit performance improvements. Key words: tapering, simulated time trial performance, cyclists, physiological mechanisms

Periodic Carbohydrate Replacement during 50 Min of High-Intensity Cycling Improves Subsequent Sprint Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Ball ◽  
Samuel A. Headley ◽  
Paul M. Vanderburgh ◽  
John C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Simulated Time ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 7% carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) drink on sprint capacity immediately following 50 min of high-intensity cycling. After an overnight 12-hr fast, 8 trained male cyclists performed two 50-min simulated time trials on a Monark stationary cycle ergometer. Subjects consumed either the CE or a flavored water placebo (PL) at 10, 20, 30, and 40 min during the time trial. At the conclusion of each 50-min time trial, subjects immediately performed a Wingate Anaerobic Power Test. Peak power, mean power, and minimum power were significantly higher for the CE trials, whereas mean RPE was significantly lower. Mean heart rate and fatigue index were not different between trials. These results suggest that sprint performance following a high-intensity simulated time trial of only 50 min can be improved with periodic consumption of CE during the ride, particularly following an overnight fast, when liver glycogen is likely to be low. These findings have implications for competitive cycling, where sprint capacity at the conclusion of a race is an important determinant of success.

scholarly journals Agreement and reproducibility of field and laboratory tests in the prediction of running speed in a 10-km race in amateur runners

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Heitor Siqueira Ribeiro ◽  
Hugo de Luca Corrêa ◽  
Lívia Kelly Barbosa Lima ◽  
Maria Barroso Costa Filha ◽  
Severino Leão Albuquerque Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simulated Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Knowing running speed, particularly by means of easy-to-apply tests and low cost, is important for the definition of the race strategy and the most appropriate training throughout the preparation period. The aim was to compare the agreement and reproducibility of critical velocity (CV), anaerobic threshold (AT), and the simulated time trial on the track for the determination of the running speed in a 10-km race in amateur runners. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 34 runners of both genders aged 42.4±11.0 years. We measured their CV, assessed their body composition and AT. Participants performed also a simulated time trial on a 10-km running track and an official 10-km race. The delta of the comparisons and the standard error of estimate between the running velocities determined by the CV, AT, and the simulated time trial on the track ranged from 0.55 to -0.79 km/h and 0.14 to 0.59 km/h, respectively. Furthermore, CV and AT were compared to the 10-km running speed. Good agreement and reproducibility were observed between the velocities determined by the CV, AT, and the simulated time trial on the track with the real-time of a 10-km official race.

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PEMILU AKIBAT PENGGELEMBUNGAN SUARA DI KABUPATEN TAPIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Muhammad Ihsan Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Other ◽  
District Court ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Charge ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legislative Election

 Legislative election in distric Tapin was spotted with a vote, conducted by members of the Commission, M. Zainnoor Wal Aidi Rahmad win a legislative candidate from the Golkar Party, namely Bambang Herry Purnama the 2014-2019. Elections Honorary Council for General Election Organizer of the Republic of Indonesia as No. 15 / DKPP-PKE-III / 2014 has imposed sanctions on Zainnoor Wal Aidi M. Rahmad form of dismissal remain as a member of the Tapin district Elections Commission since the verdict was read. Rantau’s District Court in its decision No. 135 / Pid-Sus /2014/PN.Rta, Bringing the sanctions in the form of imprisonment for 10 months with the criminal provisions do not need to be run in the future unless is another command in the verdict that convicted before time trial during the 12 (twelve months) ends have been guilty of a criminal offense and a fine of Rp. 10,000,000.00 (ten million). Dismissal sanctions remain to perpetrators as member of the district KPU Tapin have sense of fairness, but the connection with the criminal charge of criminal trials less reflectjustice for his actions that allow offenders not sentenced to imprisonment and the other party can not do the same.Keywords: Elections Tapin distric, Inflation Voice, Sanctions

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