Elective Home Education: a system without codes of practice

A list of available codes of practice for self-cleansing sewers is presented and a review of appraisals of minimum velocity criterion is summarised. Comparisons of newly developed “minimum velocity” criteria and “minimum shear stress” criterion are presented. Some design charts are also given. These charts are applicable to non-cohesive sediments (typically storm sewers). It appears that sediment size and concentration need to be taken into account, and that a limited depth of sediment bed is recommended for large pipes (diameters > 1000 mm) to maximise their transport capacity.

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Comparative Analysis of Kazakhstani and European Design Specifications: Raft Foundation, Pile Foundation, and Piled Raft Foundation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3099

Author(s):

Assel Zhanabayeva ◽

Nazerke Sagidullina ◽

Jong Kim ◽

Alfrendo Satyanaga ◽

Deuckhang Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

International Standards ◽

Piled Raft ◽

Codes Of Practice ◽

Piled Raft Foundation ◽

Raft Foundation ◽

Eurocode 7 ◽

Elastic Settlement ◽

Geotechnical Design ◽

The Difference

The introduction of Eurocode in Kazakhstan allows for the application of modern technological innovations and the elimination of technical barriers for the realization of international projects. It is significant to study the international standards and design requirements provided in Eurocode. This study presents a comparative analysis of Kazakhstani and European approaches for the geotechnical design of foundations and provides the design methods in the considered codes of practice. Three different types of foundations (i.e., raft, pile, and piled raft foundations) were designed following SP RK 5.01-102-2013—Foundations of buildings and structures, SP RK 5.01-103-2013—Pile foundations, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design for the Nur-Sultan soil profile. For all three types of foundations, the calculated results of bearing resistance and elastic settlement showed the conservativeness of Eurocode over SNiP-based Kazakhstani building regulations, as the values of bearing resistance and elastic settlement adhering to Kazakhstani code exceeded the Eurocode values. The difference between the obtained results can be explained by the application of higher values of partial safety factors by Eurocode 7. Sensitivity analysis of the bearing resistance on foundation parameters (i.e., raft foundation width and pile length) for the Kazakhstani and European approaches was performed to support the conclusions of the study.

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The RUMA Alliance targets: an overview

Livestock ◽

10.12968/live.2021.26.4.176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 176-179

Author(s):

Chris Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Task Force ◽

Animal Health ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Codes Of Practice ◽

The Government ◽

The Uk ◽

Ongoing Support ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into ◽

Roll Out

The Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Alliance (RUMA) was established to promote the highest standards of food safety, animal health and animal welfare in the British livestock industry. It has a current focus to deliver on the Government objective of identifying sector-specific targets for the reduction, refinement or replacement of antibiotics in animal agriculture. The creation and roll out of sector specific targets in 2017 through the RUMA Targets Task Force, has helped focus activity across the UK livestock sectors to achieve a 50% reduction in antibiotic use since 2014. This has been realised principally through voluntary multi-sector collaboration, cross sector initiatives, codes of practice, industry body support and farm assurance schemes. This article provides an overview of RUMA's work to date providing insight into the methods used to create the targets, why they are so important, the impact they are having and how ongoing support and robust data are vital components in achieving the latest set of targets.

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Standards, Codes of Practice and Expert Systems

Measurement and Control ◽

10.1177/002029408802100102 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E G McCluskey ◽

S Thompson ◽

D M G McSherry

Keyword(s):

Expert System ◽

Expert Systems ◽

Engineering Design ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Design Problems ◽

Codes Of Practice ◽

Engineering Design Problems ◽

And Performance

Many engineering design problems require reference to standards or codes of practice to ensure that acceptable safety and performance criteria are met. Extracting relevant data from such documents can, however, be a problem for the unfamiliar user. The use of expert systems to guide the retrieval of information from standards and codes of practice is proposed as a means of alleviating this problem. Following a brief introduction to expert system techniques, a tool developed by the authors for building expert system guides to standards and codes of practice is described. The steps involved in encoding the knowledge contained in an arbitrarily chosen standard are illustrated. Finally, a typical consultation illustrates the use of the expert system guide to the standard.

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