A Brief Measure of High Nicotine Dependence for Busy Clinicians and Large Epidemiological Surveys

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Diaz ◽  
Mireia Jané ◽  
Esteve Saltó ◽  
Hélios Pardell ◽  
Lluís Salleras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Receiver Operating

Objective: It is important to perform a routine screening of nicotine dependence in psychiatric patients. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely used six-item questionnaire. The Heavy Smoking Index (HSI) is a briefer measure including only two FTND items (time to first cigarette of day and number of daily cigarettes). In a prior study comparing HSI with FTND, a high HSI (score ≥ 4) was a good and briefer alternative for detecting high nicotine dependence. The goals of this study were: (i) to compare the effectiveness of the HSI with the effectiveness of Items 1 and 4 alone for the screening of high nicotine dependence; (ii) to investigate the optimality of 4 as a cut-off score for the HSI so that the HSI can be used as a binary indicator of high nicotine dependence; and (iii) to compare the sensitivity and specificity of four indexes of high nicotine dependence, namely ‘High HSI’, ‘Very Early Smoking’, ‘Heavy Smoking’ and ‘High in Either Item’. Method: The FTND was administered to 819 current daily smokers from a general population survey. As in a prior study, an FTND score ≥ 6 was considered the reference or ‘gold standard’ test for detecting high nicotine dependence. Receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed. Results: This new study using more sophisticated statistical methodology verified that a cut-off of 4 for the HSI is appropriate and that the ‘high’ HSI has good sensitivity and specificity even across different population subclassifications. Conclusions: With four questions (smoking, daily smoking, time to first cigarette of day and number of daily cigarettes) and minimal calculations, it may be possible to screen whether a smoker has high nicotine dependence. If other studies in other populations and settings verify this finding, this brief measure might be an ideal screening instrument for busy clinicians, epidemiologists developing questionnaires for health surveys and psychiatric researchers. Key words: nicotine dependence, receiver-operating characteristic analyses, sensitivity, specificity, tobacco smoking.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performances of manual and automated reticulocyte parameters in anaemic cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Paltrinieri ◽  
Marco Fossati ◽  
Valentina Menaballi
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Instrumental Measurement ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Reticulocyte Production

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performances of manual and instrumental measurement of reticulocyte percentage (Ret%), reticulocyte number (Ret#) and reticulocyte production index (RPI) to differentiate regenerative anaemia (RA) from non-regenerative anaemia (NRA) in cats. Methods Data from 106 blood samples from anaemic cats with manual counts (n = 74; 68 NRA, six RA) or instrumental counts of reticulocytes (n = 32; 25 NRA, seven RA) collected between 1995 and 2013 were retrospectively analysed. Sensitivity, specificity and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) were calculated using either cut-offs reported in the literature or cut-offs determined from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results All the reticulocyte parameters were significantly higher in cats with RA than in cats with NRA. All the ROC curves were significantly different ( P <0.001) from the line of no discrimination, without significant differences between the three parameters. Using the cut-offs published in literature, the Ret% (cut-off: 0.5%) was sensitive (100%) but not specific (<75%), the RPI (cut-off: 1.0) was specific (>92%) but not sensitive (<15%), and the Ret# (cut-off: 50 × 10³/µl) had a sensitivity and specificity >80% and the highest LR+ (manual count: 14; instrumental count: 6). For all the parameters, sensitivity and specificity approached 100% using the cut-offs determined by the ROC curves. These cut-offs were higher than those reported in the literature for Ret% (manual: 1.70%; instrumental: 3.06%), lower for RPI (manual: 0.39; instrumental: 0.59) and variably different, depending on the method (manual: 41 × 10³/µl; instrumental: 57 × 10³/µl), for Ret#. Using these cut-offs, the RPI had the highest LR+ (manual: 22.7; instrumental: 12.5). Conclusions and relevance This study indicated that all the reticulocyte parameters may confirm regeneration when the pretest probability is high, while when this probability is moderate, RA should be identified using the RPI providing that cut-offs <1.0 are used.

scholarly journals Bayesian Sensitivity-Specificity and ROC Analysis for Finding Key Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Stan Lipovetsky ◽  
Michael W. Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Regression Modeling ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Numerical Comparisons ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Receiver Operating

Finding key drivers in regression modeling via Bayesian Sensitivity-Specificity and Receiver Operating Characteristic is suggested, and clearly interpretable results are obtained. Numerical comparisons with other techniques show that this methodology can be useful in practical statistical modeling and analysis helping to researchers and managers in making meaningful decisions.

scholarly journals Accuracy and adequacy of waist circumference cut-off points currently recommended in Brazilian adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Avila Vianna ◽  
Rogério da Silva Linhares ◽  
Renata Moraes Bielemann ◽  
Eduardo Coelho Machado ◽  
David Alejandro González-Chica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Receiver Operating

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the adequacy and accuracy of cut-off values currently recommended by the WHO for assessment of cardiovascular risk in southern Brazil.DesignPopulation-based study aimed at determining the predictive ability of waist circumference for cardiovascular risk based on the use of previous medical diagnosis for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia. Descriptive analysis was used for the adequacy of current cut-off values of waist circumference, receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and the most accurate criteria according to the Youden index and points of optimal sensitivity and specificity were identified.SettingPelotas, southern Brazil.SubjectsIndividuals (n2112) aged ≥20 years living in the city were selected by multistage sampling, since these individuals did not report the presence of previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or stroke.ResultsThe cut-off values currently recommended by WHO were more appropriate in men than women, with overestimation of cardiovascular risk in women. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed moderate predictive ability of waist circumference in men (0·74, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·76) and women (0·75, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·77). The method of optimal sensitivity and specificity showed better performance in assessing the accuracy, identifying the values of 95 cm in men and 87 cm in women as the best cut-off values of waist circumference to assess cardiovascular risk.ConclusionsThe cut-off values currently recommended for waist circumference are not suitable for women. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate the consistency of the findings.

scholarly journals Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Fecal Calprotectin as a Surrogate Marker for Predicting Relapse in Adults with Ulcerative Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Xiaojing Zhao ◽  
Xueting Li ◽  
Meijiao Lu ◽  
Hongjie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Receiver Operating

The clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) is featured by remission and relapse, which remains unpredictable. Recent studies revealed that fecal calprotectin (FC) could predict clinical relapse for UC patients in remission, which has not yet been well accepted. To detect the predictive value of FC for clinical relapse in adult UC patients based on updated literature, we carried out a comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify all eligible studies. Diagnostic accuracy including pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by the I2 metric. Sources of heterogeneity were detected using subgroup analysis. Metaregression was used to test potential factors correlated to DOR. Publication bias was assessed using Deek’s funnel plots. In our study, 14 articles enrolling a total of 1110 participants were finally included, and all articles underwent a quality assessment. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70–0.79), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74–0.80), 3.45 (95% CI: 2.31–5.14), and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.28–0.49) respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve was 0.82, and the diagnostic odds ratio was 10.54 (95% CI: 6.16–18.02). Our study suggested that FC is useful in predicting clinical relapse for adult UC patients in remission as a simple and noninvasive marker.

scholarly journals 215 Assessment of the Diagnostic Sensitivity and Specificity of Pain Biomarkers in Cattle Using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Miriam S Martin ◽  
Michael Kleinhenz ◽  
Karen Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
Johann Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Good Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract Biomarkers are commonly used to assess pain and analgesic drug efficacy in livestock. However, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of these biomarkers for different pain conditions over time have not been described. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are graphical plots that illustrate the diagnostic ability of a test as its discrimination threshold is varied. The objective of this analysis was to use area under the curve (AUC) values derived from ROC analysis to assess the predictive value of pain biomarkers at specific timepoints. The biomarkers included in the analysis were blood cortisol, salivary cortisol, hair cortisol, infrared thermography (IRT), mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), substance P, and outcomes from a pressure/force measurement system and visual analog scale. A total sample size of 7,992 biomarker outcomes were collected from 6 pain studies involving pain associated with castration, dehorning, lameness, and surgery were included in the analysis. Each study consisted of three treatments; pain, no pain, and analgesia. All statistics were performed using statistical software (JMP Pro 14.0, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Results comparing analgesia verses pain yielded good diagnostic accuracy (AUC &gt; 0.7; 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.99) for blood cortisol (timepoints 1.5, 2, and 6 hours); IRT (timepoints 6, 8, 12, and 72 hours); and MNT (timepoints 6, 25, and 49 hours). These results indicate that ROC analysis can be a useful indicator of the predictive value of pain biomarkers and certain timepoints seem to yield good diagnostic accuracy while many do not.

Overall severities of gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric outpatients with and without autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatraman Thulasi ◽  
Robert A Steer ◽  
Iona M Monteiro ◽  
Xue Ming
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Receiver Operating

In order to determine the effectiveness of a Gastrointestinal Severity Index to screen for gastrointestinal disorders, the Gastrointestinal Severity Index was administered to 135 children with autism spectrum disorders and 146 comparisons with and without gastrointestinal disorders. The mean Gastrointestinal Severity Index scores of the groups were 3.53 ± 1.78, 3.15 ± 1.99, 0.81 ± 1.25, and 0.29 ± 0.76 (comparative pediatric patients with gastrointestinal disorder = autism spectrum disorder + gastrointestinal disorder > autism spectrum disorder-gastrointestinal disorder > comparative pediatric patients without gastrointestinal disorder, respectively), Ps < 0.05. Receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to ascertain which Gastrointestinal Severity Index cutoff scores yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity rates for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.97) for the comparison group was higher (P < 0.001) than the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.85) for autism spectrum disorder children indicating that the Gastrointestinal Severity Index was more effective in screening for gastrointestinal disorders in comparisons. However, the same Gastrointestinal Severity Index cutoff score of 2 and above yielded, respectively, sensitivity and specificity rates of 92% and 93% for comparisons and 80% and 79% for autism spectrum disorder children. The negative and positive predictive values based on these sensitivity and specificity rates were calculated for a range of prevalences of gastrointestinal disorders and indicated that the Gastrointestinal Severity Index may be useful for screening children with and without autism spectrum disorder for gastrointestinal symptoms.

Diagnostic studies

2010 ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Janet L. Peacock ◽  
Philip J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Receiver Operating

Sensitivity and specificity 340 Calculations for sensitivity and specificity 342 Effect of prevalence 344 Likelihood ratio, pre-test odds, post-test odds 346 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves 348 Links to other statistics 350 In this chapter we describe how statistical methods are used in diagnostic testing to obtain different measures of a test’s performance. We describe how to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, and show the relevance of pre- and post-test odds and likelihood ratio in evaluating a test in a clinical situation. We also describe the receiver operating characteristic curve and show how this links with logistic regression analysis. All methods are illustrated with examples....

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document