scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF ACOUSTIC GANGLIA IN THE RAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Rosenbluth
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles

Nerve cell bodies in the spiral and vestibular ganglia of the adult rat are surrounded by thin (about ten lamellae) myelin sheaths which differ in several respects from typical axonal myelin. In some instances lamellae surrounding perikarya appear as typical major dense lines, and in others as thin Schwann cell sheets in which cytoplasm persists. Discontinuities and irregularities appear in the structure of perikaryal myelin. Lamellae may terminate anywhere within the sheaths; they may bifurcate; they may reverse their direction; or they may merge with each other. The number of lamellae varies from one part of a sheath to another. In addition, the myelin of a single perikaryal sheath may receive contributions from more than one Schwann cell, which overlap and interleave with each other. The ganglion cells are of two types: those which are densely packed with the usual cytoplasmic organelles but have few neurofilaments (granular neurons), and those which exhibit large areas containing few organelles but have a high concentration of neurofilaments (filamented neurons). The latter cell type is ensheathed by myelin which is generally more compact that that surrounding the former. The formation and the physiologic significance of perikaryal myelin are discussed.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF NERVE CELL BODIES AND THEIR MYELIN SHEATHS IN THE EIGHTH NERVE GANGLION OF THE GOLDFISH

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Rosenbluth ◽  
Sanford L. Palay
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Nerve Ganglion ◽  
The One ◽  
Internodal Segment

The eighth cranial nerve ganglion consists of bipolar nerve cell bodies each occupying part of an internodal segment. The perikaryal sheaths range from a single layer of Schwann cell cytoplasm on the smallest cells to typical thick compact myelin on the largest. On most perikarya, the sheath displays an intermediate form, consisting of multiple layers of Schwann cell cytoplasm (loose myelin), or of loose and compact myelin continuous with each other. Internodes beyond the one containing the cell body bear only compact myelin. In loose myelin the thickness of each layer of Schwann cell cytoplasm is about 100 A. It may be much greater (∼ 3000 A) particularly in the outermost layers of the sheath, or the cytoplasm may thin and even disappear with formation of a major dense line. The cytoplasmic layers are separated from each other by a light zone, 40 to 200 A wide, which in its broader portions may contain an intermediate line. Desmosomes sometimes occur between lamellae. In addition to the usual organelles, the perikaryal cytoplasm contains granular and membranous inclusions. Large cells covered by compact myelin have a consistently higher concentration of neurofilaments, and some of the largest cells, in addition, show a reduced concentration of ribosomes. The functional significance and possible origins of perikaryal myelin sheaths are discussed.

scholarly journals Adult rat retinal ganglion cells and glia can be printed by piezoelectric inkjet printing

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 015001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lorber ◽  
Wen-Kai Hsiao ◽  
Ian M Hutchings ◽  
Keith R Martin
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Adult Rat

scholarly journals Retinal cell type expression specificity of HIV-1-derived gene transfer vectors upon subretinal injection in the adult rat: influence of pseudotyping and promoter

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans ◽  
Sébastien Bonnel ◽  
Leïla Houhou ◽  
Noëlle Dufour ◽  
Emeline Nandrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Transfer Vectors ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Subretinal Injection

Fine Structure of the Receptive Fields of Orientation-Selective Ganglion Cells in the Fish Retina

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-819
Author(s):  
A. T. Aliper ◽  
I. Damjanovic ◽  
A. A. Zaichikova ◽  
E. M. Maximova ◽  
P. V. Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Fish Retina

scholarly journals Axonal regeneration and synapse formation in the superior colliculus by retinal ganglion cells in the adult rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2894-2909 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vidal-Sanz ◽  
GM Bray ◽  
MP Villegas-Perez ◽  
S Thanos ◽  
AJ Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Adult Rat

On the Restoration of the Peripheral Nerves [Ueber die Regeneration peripherischer Nerven]. (Arch. f. Psychiat., Bd. xxxv, H. 3.) Bethe

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (200) ◽  
pp. 147-148
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Cell Theory ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Neuron Theory

At the meeting of German neurologists and alienist physicians in Baden-Baden, June, 1901, Dr. Bethe, of Strasburg, explained that during the last decade a new nerve-cell theory had come into vogue. It was assumed that the so-called neuron was an anatomical, functional, pathological, and developmental entity. But it had been shown by Apáthy that there is a direct and intimate connection between the neurons through the primitive nerve-fibrillæ, and Dr. Bethe himself had demonstrated that in the carcinas mænas the nervous system performs its function without any ganglion cells. Thus the cell cannot be a necessary instrument in the process like the pendulum of a clock, or the wheel of a watch. Nissl has shown that the observations of pathologists give no sure support to the neuron theory. Further objections may be taken from the fact that several organs are affected after section of the nerves supplying them. In the case of degeneration of muscles and glands, it may be said that this process may be owing to atrophy from inactivity of their functions; but degeneration of the papillæ circumvallatæ et foliatæ of the tongue in the rabbit has been observed to follow, in from about two to three weeks after section of the glossopharyngeals, although the stimulus has not ceased to be applied to these organs. From this it appears that the pathological process goes further than the boundary of the neuron.

scholarly journals The Fine Structure of Synapses in the Ciliary Ganglion of the Chick

1960 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. de Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Single Axon ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Microscope Image

Ciliary ganglia of chick embryos and newly hatched chicks were examined in the light and electron microscopes. Particular attention was given to the fine structure of calyciform synapses, which are characteristically found in ciliary ganglia of birds. The calyciform endings are characterized by large expansions of the presynaptic axons upon ganglion cells, and the terminal processes extend over a considerable area of the cell surface. Often, indeed they appear to envelop the cell. In the electron microscope image, the appositional membranes are separated by a space about 300 to 400 A wide; i.e., the synaptic cleft. At irregularly spaced regions, the appositional membranes show areas of increased density. The presynaptic processes contain clusters of synaptic vesicles, localized at these dense regions. Thus the fine structure complex typical of other synapses is evident. The unique structural features of this synapse are as follows: (a) The calyx or presynaptic terminal derives from a single axon, does not arborize, and terminates upon a single ganglion cell. Thus, unlike the classical bouton terminal, this represents an anatomical device for firing single cells by single axons. (b) The surface area in contiguity, i.e., the area of appositional membranes, is far more extensive than the bouton terminal. The fine structure of this synapse is compared with others, for example, the classical boutons terminaux and purely electrical synapses, in an attempt to correlate fine structure with function.

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