scholarly journals A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PHAGOCYTIC AND ENZYMATIC FUNCTIONS OF RABBIT MONONUCLEAR AND POLYMORPHONUCLEAR EXUDATE CELLS AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Dannenberg ◽  
Marvin S. Burstone ◽  
Paul C. Walter ◽  
June W. Kinsley
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Microbial Agents

The cytochrome oxidase (CO), aminopeptidase (AMP), succinic dehydrogenase (SD), acid phosphatase, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase of rabbit mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) peritoneal exudate cells and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM) - air dried on Mylar strips - were characterized by histochemical techniques with respect to stability, activators, inhibitors, and pH optima. A granule count method was established for the quantitation of these enzymes. For the acid phosphatase of MN, in which the most precise results were obtained, time, pH, substrate, and inhibitor curves resembled those commonly obtained biochemically. Five of these enzymes were usually more active in AM than MN, whereas the sixth, alkaline phosphatase, was not present in either cell type. AM also tended to consume more oxygen than MN and to divide more frequently. Since the most active cells in the population would be first involved in the host's defense against microbial agents, a comparison was made of the 10 per cent of the AM and MN with the highest enzymatic activities. No differences were found in the granule counts that were not reflected by the means. However, within a given AM population, cells containing ingested dust particles seemed to have higher enzymatic activities than those without particles. MN had greater acid phosphatase and SD activities than PMN and consumed more oxygen, but the CO, AMP, and esterase activites of both types of cells were of similar magnitude. PMN showed high alkaline phosphatase activity; MN showed none. A survey of the histochemical literature indicates that a positive correlation between the enzymatic and phagocytic activities of both MN and PMN exists in vivo.

scholarly journals A collagen membrane influences bone turnover marker in vivo after bone augmentation with xenogenic bone

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Staedt ◽  
Michael Dau ◽  
Eik Schiegnitz ◽  
Daniel G. E. Thiem ◽  
Olga Tagadiuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Turnover Markers

Abstract Background The aim was to compare early biochemical and histological osseous healing of chronic mandibular defects regenerated with bovine bone substitute with and without collagen membrane in vivo. Methods Eight weeks after formation of a lateral full-thickness perforating bone defect in the mandible of 40 rabbits, bovine bone substitute with (“+”;n = 20) and without (“-”;n = 20) collagen membrane was applied. Blood and bone was collected 24, 72 h, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery. Total acid phosphatase, bone acid phosphatase, total alkaline phosphatase and bone alkaline phosphatase activities were compared between groups. Formation of new bone was quantified histologically for all time points. Results Twenty-four hours after surgery, bone alkaline phosphatase was significantly elevated in “+” group when compared to “-” (p=0.012). After 72 hours, all bone turnover markers except for total acid phosphatase (p=0.078) where significantly elevated in “+” (all p < 0.05). Fourteen days after surgery, the significant highest values for all bone turnover markers were detected in “-” (all p < 0.05). A significant difference in favor of group “-” could also be detected after 3 weeks in terms of both acid phosphatases (p < 0.05). In histology, no significant differences could be detected. Conclusion Bone regeneration with bovine bone substitute material and collagen membrane shows a significantly earlier bone remodeling activity but does not seem to influence formation of new bone in histological samples.

A histochemical study of starch, lipids, and certain enzymes in senescing rose stems

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Molnar ◽  
E. V. Parups
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Lipid Peroxidase ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Cut Rose

The starch, lipid, cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1), succinic dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) levels were determined periodically by histochemical methods in transverse sections of cut stem of the rose, Rosa hybrida L. cv. Forever Yours, kept in water or in an aqueous preservative solution containing 4% sucrose, 100 ppm sodium isoascorbate, and 100 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate. Senescence of the cutrose stem, including leaves and flowers, was delayed by use of the sugar solution. The levels of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase were not significantly affected by either of the treatments. Starch, lipid, peroxidase, and acid phosphatase levels decreased in the tissues of rapidly senescing stems kept in water. In tissues where senescence was retarded by use of sugar solutions the lipid content and peroxidase were maintained at a relatively high level; starch, and acid phosphatase levels steadily increased. It is suggested that in cut rose stems, the onset or retardation of senescence is not related to the activities of acid phosphatase or peroxidase.

scholarly journals A collagen membrane influences bone turnover marker in vivo after bone augmentation with xenogenic bone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Staedt ◽  
Michael Dau ◽  
Eik Schiegnitz ◽  
Daniel G.E. Thiem ◽  
Olga Tagadiuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Turnover Markers

Abstract Background: The aim was to compare early biochemical and histological osseous healing of chronic mandibular defects regenerated with bovine bone substitute with and without collagen membrane in vivo. Methods: Eight weeks after formation of a lateral full-thickness perforating bone defect in the mandible of 40 rabbits, bovine bone substitute with (“+”;n=20) and without (“-“;n=20) collagen membrane was applied. Blood and bone was collected 24, 72 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery. Total acid phosphatase, bone acid phosphatase, total alkaline phosphatase and bone alkaline phosphatase activities were compared between groups. Formation of new bone was quantified histologically for all time points.Results: Twenty-four hours after surgery, bone alkaline phosphatase was significantly elevated in “+” group when compared to “-“ (p=0.012). After 72 hours, all bone turnover markers except for total acid phosphatase (p=0.078) where significantly elevated in “+” (all p<0.05). 14 days after surgery, the significant highest values for all bone turnover markers were detected in “-“ (all p<0.05). A significant difference in favor of group “-“ could also be detected after 3 weeks in terms of both acid phosphatases (p<0.05). In histology, no significant differences could be detected.Conclusion: Bone regeneration with bovine bone substitute material and collagen membrane shows a significantly earlier bone remodeling activity but does not seem to influence formation of new bone in histological samples.

A Histological and Histochemical Study of the Brown and Yellow Adipose Tissue of the Bat, Hipposideros speoris

1959 ◽  
Vol s3-100 (51) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
J. C. GEORGE ◽  
J. EAPEN
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Sulphydryl Groups

A study of the histology and histochemical reactions for lipase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, phospholipids, cholesterol, sulphydryl groups, and water-insoluble aldehydes and ketones in the brown and yellow adipose tissue of the bat (Hipposideros speoris) revealed that the two types of adipose tissue differ in histological structure as well as physiological activity. The histological structure of the two types of adipose tissue was found to be different, resembling that of the two corresponding types of the rat. The brown adipose tissue showed a higher concentration of succinic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, phospholipids, cholesterol, and sulphydryl groups. No detectable difference between brown and yellow adipose tissue was, however, found with respect to lipase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and water-insoluble aldehydes and ketones.

The hidden coloniality at the parasitic stage in Peltogaster reticulatus (Crustacea: Rhizocephala)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria V. Isaeva ◽  
Anna V. Akhmadieva ◽  
Andrey I. Shukalyuk
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Parasitic Stage ◽  
The Common ◽  
Histochemical Marker

Upon infesting the hermit crab Pagurus proximus the parasitic barnacle Peltogaster reticulatus typically forms a single externa on each host. In vivo, histological and histochemical study revealed that most P. reticulatus with a single mature externa also exhibited three or four primordial externae and several buds of earlier developmental stages. It is shown that stolon buds and primordial externae in P. reticulatus internae intensively express alkaline phosphatase activity, the classical histochemical marker for mammalian embryonic stem and primary germ cells. Ovaries of the most developed primordial externae were filled with growing oocytes, so the process of oogenesis begins in the externa rudiments of P. reticulatus before the externae appear on the surface of the host body. Since the interna, which is connected to the mature externa, also integrated three or four additional primordial externae and several earlier buds, P. reticulatus, a non-colonial species based on the common presence of a single externa in each host, appears to have a hidden colonial organization at the parasitic stage of its life cycle.

scholarly journals CYTOCHEMISTRY AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Sabatini ◽  
Klaus Bensch ◽  
Russell J. Barrnett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Enzyme Histochemistry ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Fixation Procedure

The aldehydes introduced in this paper and the more appropriate concentrations for their general use as fixatives are: 4 to 6.5 per cent glutaraldehyde, 4 per cent glyoxal, 12.5 per cent hydroxyadipaldehyde, 10 per cent crotonaldehyde, 5 per cent pyruvic aldehyde, 10 per cent acetaldehyde, and 5 per cent methacrolein. These were prepared as cacodylate- or phosphate-buffered solutions (0.1 to 0.2 M, pH 6.5 to 7.6) that, with the exception of glutaraldehyde, contained sucrose (0.22 to 0.55 M). After fixation of from 0.5 hour to 24 hours, the blocks were stored in cold (4°C) buffer (0.1 M) plus sucrose (0.22 M). This material was used for enzyme histochemistry, for electron microscopy (both with and without a second fixation with 1 or 2 per cent osmium tetroxide) after Epon embedding, and for the combination of the two techniques. After fixation in aldehyde, membranous differentiations of the cell were not apparent and the nuclear structure differed from that commonly observed with osmium tetroxide. A postfixation in osmium tetroxide, even after long periods of storage, developed an image that—notable in the case of glutaraldehyde—was largely indistinguishable from that of tissues fixed under optimal conditions with osmium tetroxide alone. Aliesterase, acetylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, adenosine triphosphatase, and DPNH and TPNH diaphorase activities were demonstrable histochemically after most of the fixatives. Cytochrome oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were retained after hydroxyaldipaldehyde and, to a lesser extent, after glyoxal fixation. The final product of the activity of several of the above-mentioned enzymes was localized in relation to the fine structure. For this purpose the double fixation procedure was used, selecting in each case the appropriate aldehyde.

scholarly journals ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY OF BONE INDUCTION BY URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIUM

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHOHEI KAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Normal Bladder

Homogenous transplants of urinary bladder mucosa were made in guinea pigs, and induced bone formation was observed histochemically for alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, esterase, β-glucuronidase, aminopeptidase, and oxidative enzymes, i.e., succinic dehydrogenase, diphosphopyridine nucleotide-dependent dehydrogenase (lactate, malate, glutamate, α-glycerophosphate, β-hydroxybutyrate) and triphosphopyridine nucleotide-dependent dehydrogenase (glucose-6-phosphate and isocitrate). Normal urinary bladder epithelium contained intense alkaline phosphatase and slight acid phosphatase activity throughout. There was weak esterase activity in intermediate layer and weak β-glucuronidase activity in intermediate layer. Succinic dehydrogenase was present throughout the epithelium, and was most active in the basal layer. Lactic and malic dehydrogenase activities were intense. Glutamic, α-glycerophosphate and β-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activities were low, but glucose-6-phosphate and isocitric dehydrogenase activities were high. In the initial stage after transplantation, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and lactic dehydrogenase appeared in the connective tissue surrounding the transplanted mucosa in association with an inflammatory infiltration. Epithelial transplants formed cysts. Lactic, malic and triphosphopyridine nucleotide-dependent dehydrogenases in cystic epithelium were as intense as in normal bladder, though other enzymes decreased. Hyaline formation occurred around the cyst. No appreciable enzyme activity was demonstrated in this hyalinized portion, but when bone appeared marked activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases was seen around it. Histochemical patterns in the induced bone were essentially the same as in normal bone.

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