scholarly journals Nucleocytoplasmic movement of fluorescent tracers microinjected into living salivary gland cells.

1975 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Paine
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Salivary Gland Cell ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Larval Salivary Gland ◽  
Pore Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Envelop

The permeability of the nuclear envelop of a somatic cell, the C. thummi larval salivary gland cell, was studied by intracellular microinjection of fluorescent molecular tracers. As shown previously in oocytes (4,5,15,16), the envelop is permeable to a wide variety of materials, including molecules which are large enough to possess condiderable biological specificities and to play important roles in regulation of cellular activities. The envelop exhibits transport selectivity on the basis of size in the range of naturally occurring intracellular materials and it may thus perform important controlling functions in nucleocytoplasmic exchange. The nucleus to cytoplasm movement of in vivo ribonucleoprotein particulates in these synthetically active cells probably requires conformational changes in the particulates and/or the envelope pore complexes; morphological evidence exists for such processess in these cells (20).

scholarly journals Non-Lethal Concentration of MeHg Causes Marked Responses in the DNA Repair, Integrity, and Replication Pathways in the Exposed Human Salivary Gland Cell Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lygia Sega Nogueira ◽  
Carolina P. Vasconcelos ◽  
Jessica Rodrigues Plaça ◽  
Geovanni Pereira Mitre ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Gland Cell ◽  
Salivary Gland Cell ◽  
Human Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells

In Brazilian northern Amazon, communities are potentially exposed and vulnerable to methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity through the vast ingestion of fish. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that the salivary glands as a susceptible organ to this potent environmental pollutant, reporting alterations on physiological, biochemical, and proteomic parameters. However, the alterations caused by MeHg on the gene expression of the exposed human salivary gland cells are still unknown. Therefore, the goal was to perform the transcriptome profile of the human salivary gland cell line after exposure to MeHg, using the microarray technique and posterior bioinformatics analysis. The cell exposure was performed using 2.5 µM MeHg. A previously published study demonstrated that this concentration belongs to a range of concentrations that caused biochemical and metabolic alterations in this linage. As a result, the MeHg exposure did not cause lethality in the human salivary gland cells line but was able to alter the expression of 155 genes. Downregulated genes (15) are entirety relating to the cell metabolism impairment, and according to KEGG analysis, they belong to the glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis pathway. On the other hand, most of the 140 upregulated genes were related to cell-cycle progression, DNA repair, and replication pathway, or cellular defenses through the GSH basal metabolism. These genomic changes revealed the effort to the cell to maintain physiological and genomic stability to avoid cell death, being in accordance with the nonlethality in the toxicity test. Last, the results support in-depth studies on nonlethal MeHg concentrations for biomarkers identification that interpret transcriptomics data in toxicological tests serving as an early alert of physiological changes in vitro biological models.

scholarly journals Functional analysis of the biochemical activity of mammalian phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate 4-kinase enzymes

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarna Mathre ◽  
K. Balasankara Reddy ◽  
Visvanathan Ramya ◽  
Harini Krishnan ◽  
Avishek Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Gland Cell ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Salivary Gland Cell ◽  
Drosophila Genome ◽  
Biochemical Activity

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate 4-kinase (PIP4K) are enzymes that catalyse the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PI5P) to generate PI(4,5)P2. Mammalian genomes contain three genes, PIP4K2Α, 2B and 2C and murine knockouts for these suggested important physiological roles in vivo. The proteins encoded by PIP4K2A, 2B and 2C show widely varying specific activities in vitro; PIP4K2A is highly active and PIP4K2C 2000-times less active, and the relationship between this biochemical activity and in vivo function is unknown. By contrast, the Drosophila genome encodes a single PIP4K (dPIP4K) that shows high specific activity in vitro and loss of this enzyme results in reduced salivary gland cell size in vivo. We find that the kinase activity of dPIP4K is essential for normal salivary gland cell size in vivo. Despite their highly divergent specific activity, we find that all three mammalian PIP4K isoforms are able to enhance salivary gland cell size in the Drosophila PIP4K null mutant implying a lack of correlation between in vitro activity measurements and in vivo function. Further, the kinase activity of PIP4K2C, reported to be almost inactive in vitro, is required for in vivo function. Our findings suggest the existence of unidentified factors that regulate PIP4K enzyme activity in vivo.

scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of SCHIP-1, a Novel Protein Interacting Specifically with Spliced Isoforms and Naturally Occurring Mutant NF2 Proteins

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1699-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Goutebroze ◽  
Estelle Brault ◽  
Christian Muchardt ◽  
Jacques Camonis ◽  
Gilles Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cellular Context

ABSTRACT The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) protein, known as schwannomin or merlin, is a tumor suppressor involved in NF2-associated and sporadic schwannomas and meningiomas. It is closely related to the ezrin-radixin-moesin family members, implicated in linking membrane proteins to the cytoskeleton. The molecular mechanism allowing schwannomin to function as a tumor suppressor is unknown. In attempt to shed light on schwannomin function, we have identified a novel coiled-coil protein, SCHIP-1, that specifically associates with schwannomin in vitro and in vivo. Within its coiled-coil region, this protein is homologous to human FEZ proteins and the relatedCaenorhabditis elegans gene product UNC-76. Immunofluorescent staining of transiently transfected cells shows a partial colocalization of SCHIP-1 and schwannomin, beneath the cytoplasmic membrane. Surprisingly, immunoprecipitation assays reveal that in a cellular context, association with SCHIP-1 can be observed only with some naturally occurring mutants of schwannomin, or a schwannomin spliced isoform lacking exons 2 and 3, but not with the schwannomin isoform exhibiting growth-suppressive activity. Our observations suggest that SCHIP-1 interaction with schwannomin is regulated by conformational changes in schwannomin, possibly induced by posttranslational modifications, alternative splicing, or mutations.

Rickettsiae-like structures in the larval salivary gland cells ofDrosophila auraria

1991 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N. Thomopoulos ◽  
Elefterios P. Neophytou ◽  
Stella Limberi-Thomopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Larval Salivary Gland

scholarly journals Drosophila HUWE1 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulates Endoreplication and Antagonizes JNK Signaling During Salivary Gland Development

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Yanku ◽  
Eliya Bitman-Lotan ◽  
Yaniv Zohar ◽  
Estee Kurant ◽  
Norman Zilke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Jnk Signaling ◽  
Myc Oncogene ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Larval Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Development

The HECT-type ubiquitin ligase HECT, UBA and WWE Domain Containing 1, (HUWE1) regulates key cancer-related pathways, including the Myc oncogene. It affects cell proliferation, stress and immune signaling, mitochondria homeostasis, and cell death. HUWE1 is evolutionarily conserved from Caenorhabditis elegance to Drosophila melanogaster and Humans. Here, we report that the Drosophila ortholog, dHUWE1 (CG8184), is an essential gene whose loss results in embryonic lethality and whose tissue-specific disruption establishes its regulatory role in larval salivary gland development. dHUWE1 is essential for endoreplication of salivary gland cells and its knockdown results in the inability of these cells to replicate DNA. Remarkably, dHUWE1 is a survival factor that prevents premature activation of JNK signaling, thus preventing the disintegration of the salivary gland, which occurs physiologically during pupal stages. This function of dHUWE1 is general, as its inhibitory effect is observed also during eye development and at the organismal level. Epistatic studies revealed that the loss of dHUWE1 is compensated by dMyc proeitn expression or the loss of dmP53. dHUWE1 is therefore a conserved survival factor that regulates organ formation during Drosophila development.

In vitro and in vivo imaging of intracellular Ca2+ responses in salivary gland cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Nezu ◽  
Takao Morita ◽  
Akihiko Tanimura
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells

Direct in vivo adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to salivary glands

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. G1146-G1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mastrangeli ◽  
B. O'Connell ◽  
W. Aladib ◽  
P. C. Fox ◽  
B. J. Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Salivary Gland Cell ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Adenovirus Vectors

Gene transfer to the salivary glands holds the potential for the therapy of salivary gland disorders and for delivery of therapeutic proteins to the mouth and upper gastrointestinal tract. Administration of the recombinant adenovirus vectors Ad.RSV beta gal [coding for the intracellular protein beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal)] and Ad alpha 1AT [coding for human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), a secreted protein] to salivary gland cell lines in vitro demonstrated exogenous gene expression. Retrograde ductal injection of the Ad.RSV beta gal vector to rat salivary glands in vivo resulted in beta-Gal expression in acinar and ductal cells. Exposure of submandibular glands in vivo to Ad alpha 1AT resulted in expression of alpha 1-AT mRNA transcripts, de novo synthesis of alpha 1-AT, and secretion in the saliva. To evaluate the feasibility of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to human glands, human minor salivary glands were infected ex vivo with Ad.RSV beta gal, and implanted into severe combined immunodeficient mice. Evaluation of the human tissue demonstrated beta-Gal activity. These observations demonstrate that adenovirus vectors are capable of direct delivery of genes to the salivary glands, suggesting a variety of possible gene therapy applications.

Upregulation of P2Y2 nucleotide receptors in rat salivary gland cells during short-term culture

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. C1100-C1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Turner ◽  
G. A. Weisman ◽  
J. M. Camden
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
P2y2 Receptor ◽  
P2y2 Receptors ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Rat Salivary Gland ◽  
Short Term Culture

In contrast to the widespread expression of G protein-coupled P2Y2 receptors for extracellular nucleotides in permanent cell lines of salivary gland origin, there is less evidence for robust P2Y2 receptor activity in normal rat salivary gland cells assayed immediately after isolation. We examined the effect of short-term culture (3 h to 6 days) of normal rat submandibular gland (SMG) cells on P2Y2 receptor activity and mRNA expression. Results indicate that increases in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in SMG cells in response to the P2Y2 receptor agonist UTP (100 microM) were detectable after 3 h in culture and that after 3 days in culture the magnitude of the response to UTP was similar to that obtained with maximal muscarinic cholinoceptor activation. The Ca2+ mobilization response exhibited the pharmacological profile (UTP = ATP > 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate) typical of the P2Y2 receptor subtype and was accompanied by enhanced production of inositol phosphates, reflecting the activation of phospholipase C ubiquitously associated with P2Y2 receptors. The time-dependent increase in P2Y2 receptor activity was accompanied by an increase in the steady-state level of P2Y2 receptor mRNA, as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Other studies revealed that the increased P2Y2 receptor activity was independent of cell proliferation, was similar in serum-containing and defined culture media, and was blocked by inhibitors of transcription and translation. Upregulation of the P2Y2 receptor was observed in both acinar cell- and ductal cell-enriched cultures of the SMG and in cells isolated from rat parotid and sublingual glands but not in cells isolated from the pancreas. These in vitro results were complemented by in vivo studies in which P2Y2 receptor activity and mRNA levels were increased in SMG after ligation of the main excretory duct but were not increased in the contralateral, nonligated gland. These findings suggest that changes in the expression and activity of the P2Y2 receptor in salivary gland cells may be related to pathological challenges to the gland in vivo.

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