scholarly journals NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM DURING THE MITOTIC CYCLE IN VICIA FABA

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Woodard ◽  
Ellen Rasch ◽  
Hewson Swift
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
Histone Synthesis ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Nucleolar Rna

In order to investigate some of the cytochemical processes involved in interphase growth and culminating in cell division, a combined autoradiographic and microphotometric study of nucleic acids and proteins was undertaken on statistically seriated cells of Vicia faba root meristems. Adenine-8-C14 and uridine-H3 were used as ribonucleic acid (RNA) precursors, thymidine-H3 as a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) precursor, and phenylalanine-3-C14 as a protein precursor. Stains used in microphotometry were Feulgen (DNA), azure B (RNA), pH 2.0 fast green (total protein), and pH 8.1 fast green (histone). The autoradiographic data (representing rate of incorporation per organelle) and the microphotometric data (representing changes in amounts of the various components) indicate that the mitotic cycle may be divided into several metabolic phases, three predominantly anabolic (net increase), and a fourth phase predominantly catabolic (net decrease). The anabolic periods are: 1. Telophase to post-telophase during which there are high rates of accumulation of cytoplasmic and nucleolar RNA and nucleolar and chromosomal total protein. 2. Post-telophase to preprophase characterized by histone synthesis and a diphasic synthesis of DNA with the peak of synthesis at mid-interphase and a minor peak just preceding prophase. The minor peak is coincident with a relatively localized DNA synthesis in several chromosomal regions. This period is also characterized by minimal accumulations of cytoplasmic RNA and chromosomal and nucleolar total protein and RNA. 3. Preprophase to prophase in which there are again high rates of accumulation of cytoplasmic RNA, and nucleolar and chromosomal total protein and RNA. The catabolic phase is: 4. The mitotic division during which there are marked losses of cytoplasmic RNA and chromosomal and nucleolar total protein and RNA.

Some aspects of the ecology of bagrid catfishes in a southern Nigerian river

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Idodo-Umeh ◽  
Reginald Victor
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Major Peak ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Principal Species ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACTSome aspects of the ecology of bagrid catfishes in River Ase, southern Nigeria were studied for a period of two years. Nine species of Bagridae were recorded and these accounted for 15.0% of the number and 24.4% of the weight of all fish captured. Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Chrysichthys auratus longifilis were the principal species. C. nigrodigitatus was a rainy season species, while C. auratus longifilis was abundant in both dry and rainy seasons. Both species showed a major peak in catches between 0600 and 0900 h. C. nigrodigitatus exhibited a minor peak in catches between 1500 and 2100h, while C. auratus longifilis showed a minor peak between 1500 and 1800h. The spatial distribution of C. nigrodigitatus and C. auratus longifilis populations was heterogeneous. Bagrid fishes were an important component in the fish yield of the study river and its species composition has been compared with those of other Nigerian waters. The distribution and abundance of C. nigrodigitatus and C. auratus longifilis are discussed in detail.

CELL ARREST IN Gl AND G2 OF THE MITOTIC CYCLE OF VICIA FABA ROOT MERISTEMS

1973 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van't Hof ◽  
D. P. Hoppin ◽  
S. Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Root Meristems ◽  
Cell Arrest

Automated Procedure for Simultaneously Measuring Total Globulin and Total Protein in Serum

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Savory ◽  
M Geraldine Heintges ◽  
Robert E Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
A Minor

Abstract An automated continuous-flow procedure has been developed for simultaneously measuring total serum protein and globulin. The method for total protein is a minor modification of an existing automated method in which the biuret reagent is used. Total globulin is measured by reaction with glyoxylic acid, and standardized with N-acetyltryptophan. An empirical factor relating concentration of N-acetyltryptophan to human globulin has been derived. Values for total serum globulin obtained by this new automated procedure correlate closely with values obtained by electrophoresis, but do not agree with values obtained by use of procedures involving binding of anionic dye. Recovery of gamma globulin added to serum is essentially quantitative; the day-to-day precision (CV) is 4.31%.

scholarly journals Use of glycyl-l-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide, a lysosome-disrupting cathepsin C substrate, to distinguish between lysosomes and prelysosomal endocytic vacuoles

1994 ◽  
Vol 300 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
T O Berg ◽  
P E Strømhaug ◽  
T Løvdal ◽  
P O Seglen ◽  
T Berg
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Major Peak ◽  
Isolated Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Cathepsin C ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
A Minor

Lysosome-disrupting enzyme substrates have been used to distinguish between lysosomal and prelysosomal compartments along the endocytic pathway in isolated rat hepatocytes. The cells were incubated for various periods of time with 125I-labelled tyramine cellobiose (125I-TC) covalently coupled to asialoorosomucoid (AOM) (125I-TC-AOM); this molecule is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis and degraded in lysosomes, where the degradation products (acid-soluble, radio-labelled short peptides) accumulate, Glycyl-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide (GPN) and methionine O-methyl ester (MOM), which are hydrolysed by lysosomal cathepsin C and a lysosomal esterase respectively, both diffused into hepatocytic lysosomes after electrodisruption of the cells. Intralysosomal accumulation of the hydrolysis products (amino acids) of these substrates caused osmotic lysis of more than 90% of the lysosomes, as measured by the release of acid-soluble radioactivity derived from 125I-TC-AOM degradation. The acid-soluble radioactivity coincided in sucrose-density gradients with a major peak of the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase at 1.18 g/ml; in addition a minor, presumably endosomal, acid phosphatase peak was observed around 1.14 g/ml. The major peak of acid phosphatase was almost completely released by GPN (and by MOM), while the minor peak seemed unaffected by GPN. Acid-insoluble radioactivity, presumably in endosomes, banded (after 1 h of 125I-TC-AOM uptake) as a major peak at 1.14 and a minor peak at 1.18 g/ml in sucrose gradients, and was not significantly released by GPN. GPN thus appears to be an excellent tool by which to distinguish between endosomes and lysosomes. MOM, on the other hand, released some radioactivity and acid phosphatase from endosomes as well as from lysosomes.

A survey of microorganisms for thermonuclease production

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Park ◽  
A. de Melo Serrano ◽  
M. Landgraf ◽  
J. C. Huang ◽  
Z. Stankiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Major Peak ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Group D ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

A total of 1204 cultures comprising 16 genera were surveyed for production of thermonuclease (TNase) in milk. Cultures other than Staphylococcus capable of TNase production were restricted to two genera, Streptococcus and Bacillus. Nineteen percent of 338 group D streptococci comprising four species (85% of which were Streptococcus faecalis) and 17% of 60 streptococci belonging to other groups produced TNase. Nine percent of 130 Bacillus cultures comprising six species produced the enzyme. On the other hand, 99% of coagulase-positive staphylococci produced TNase and only 18% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci produced the enzyme. The amount of TNase produced by streptococci and bacilli was significantly lower than that produced by coagulase-positive staphylococci. The pH profile of the streptococci and Bacillus TNases was similar to that of the staphylococcal TNase; each enzyme exhibited a minor peak at pH 7.0 and a broad major peak ranging from pH 8.5 to 10. The nuclease produced by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus was more heat stable than the nucleases produced by Streptococcus and Bacillus; there was little loss in activity of the staphylococcal enzyme after 60 min at 100 °C, whereas 50% of the activity of the streptococcal and Bacillus nucleases was destroyed in 40–60 min and 60–80 min, respectively.

PREVALENCE OF SPIDERS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE AS PREDATORS IN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARDS

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Mite Density ◽  
A Minor

AbstractPhilodromus spp., especially praelustris Keyserlmg, and sometimes Theridion murarium were the only abundant spiders in peach orchards, though small numbers of many other species were present. No satisfactory method of sampling the population density of all species was discovered. The spider population as a whole reached a minor peak in June and a much higher peak in early August. A single tree may contain more than 200 spiders. When fed only on Panonychus ulmi (Koch), young P. praelustris eventually died without moulting; young of T. murarium moulted once or twice but their development was slower than that of those in the orchards. Chironomids were the commonest prey of P. praelustris and apparently of other spiders in the orchards.Spiders collected from peach plots with different densities of P. ulmi and Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson were examined for pigments of these mites by paper chromatography. Some spiders in all collections had fed on the mites, and the percentage that had done so usually varied directly with mite density in the plots. Spiders form part of the complex of minor predators that aid the major predators in regulating the density of P. ulmi at endemic levels.

scholarly journals Distribution of membranes, especially of plasma-membrane fragments, during zonal centrifugations of homogenates from glucose-repressed Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

1976 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nurminen ◽  
L Taskinen ◽  
H Suomalainen
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Mitochondrial Density ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
Smooth Membrane ◽  
A Minor

1. The distributions of several enzymes and other marker components were examined after zonal centrifugations of whole homogenates from glucose-repressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae on sucrose and iso-osmotic Ficoll, and the composition and morphology of the fractions were investigated. 2. After high-speed zonal centrifugation most of the protein, acid and alkaline phosphatases, alkaline pyrophosphatase, adenosine monophosphatase, β-fructofuranosidase, α-mannosidase, NADPH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase and an appreciable amount of phospholipid and sterol were non-sedimentable, i.e. were at densities below 1.09 (g/cm3). Most of the RNA was at p=1.06-1.08 in Ficoll and at p=1.09-1.11 in sucrose. 3. The bulk of the Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) was coincident with the main peak of phospholipid and sterol, at median density 1.10, which was also rich in smooth-membrane vesicles. In Ficoll, a minor peak of phospholipid and sterol at p-1.12-1.15 contained a smaller part of the oligomycin-insensitive Mg-ATPase and heavy membrane fragments. In sucrose, several minor peaks of Mg-ATPase were in the mitochondrial density range, and a peak of oligomycin-insensitive Mg-ATPase coincident with a minor peak of phospholipid and sterol at around p-1.25 contained heavy membrane fragments of high carbohydrate content, especially mannose. 4. Further purification of the oligomycin-insensitive Mg-ATPase containing membrane preparations was performed on Urografin gradients. 5. It is argued that the oligomycin-insensitive Mg-ATPase containing membranes are fragments of the plasma membrane, but have different densities because they contain different amounts of glycoprotein particles.

scholarly journals THE METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NUCLEOLAR, CHROMOSOMAL, AND CYTOPLASMIC RIBONUCLEIC ACID OF DROSOPHILA SALIVARY GLANDS

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel McMaster-Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rna Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Rna Accumulation ◽  
Nucleolar Rna

Incorporation and retention of adenine-8-C14 and of P32O4 by nucleolar, chromosomal, and cytoplasmic RNA have been studied. Radioisotope concentrations were determined from autoradiographs, by grain counting, and RNA concentrations by microphotometry after basic staining. The relation between rates of RNA accumulation and rates of adenine incorporation was used to determine if synthesis was used to replace RNA which was lost from a fraction, and to obtain estimates of turnover rate. Nucleolar incorporation patterns indicate its incorporation is independent of growth, and there is complete turnover of the fraction in an hour or less. Nucleolar turnover is attributed to degradation of RNA within the nucleolus rather than to movement of intact molecules from the nucleolus. Chromosomal RNA reaches a much lower maximum specific activity than nucleolar, and a slightly higher maximum than cytoplasmic RNA. It showed faster incorporation than cytoplasmic RNA while accumulating RNA at the same rate as the cytoplasm, suggesting chromosomal RNA turnover. No evidence of cytoplasmic RNA turnover was found: rate of incorporation and rate of growth were correlated, and retention studies detected no decrease in amount of RNA-C14, RNA-P32, or RNA. Different ultimate precursors are indicated for nucleolar and non-nucleolar RNA by the observation that the nucleolar precursor is labeled before the precursor of non-nucleolar RNA.

scholarly journals Effect of the Two Biofertilizers Rhizobacterien and Phosphoren on Cell Cycle and Mitotic Division in Vicia faba.

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373
Author(s):  
R. Mohamed Thoria ◽  
Amal S. Shehab ◽  
Nahla O. Ehsan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Mitotic Division
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