scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING LYMPH NODE CELLS

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Harris ◽  
Klaus Hummeler ◽  
Susanna Harris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Considerable Range ◽  
Current Terminology

Lymph node cells of rabbits injected with sheep erythrocytes, identified as antibody-producing by their ability to produce plaques of hemolysis in erythrocyte-containing agar layers, have been examined by electron microscopy, by the use of a procedure devised for subjecting single cells to such examination. The antibody-producing cells thus examined were found to fall into two classes, according to the current terminology: some were in the category of lymphocytes, and others, in the category of plasma cells. Within each class, cells were found to vary in certain characteristics, especially in the degree of development of such organelles as the nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, and the endoplasmic reticulum. In the case of the endoplasmic reticulum especially, it could be seen that a series of these plaque-producing cells, ranked in order of increasing size and development of the endoplasmic reticulum, would extend over a considerable range from those lymphocytes with the least developed organelles to the mature plasma cells with the greatest development of these structures.

scholarly journals ANTIBODY FORMATION BY SINGLE CELLS FROM LYMPH NODES AND EFFERENT LYMPH OF SHEEP

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Cunningham ◽  
J. B. Smith ◽  
E. H. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Microscope Examination

The antibody-forming cells which appear in the popliteal lymph node and efferent lymph of the sheep following immunization with boiled Salmonella have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Cells were incubated in monolayers with target erythrocytes sensitized with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Three types of interaction between a proportion of the lymph cells and the erythrocytes surrounding them have been shown to indicate antibody formation: plaque-formation, immuno-cyto-adherence, and localized agglutination. At the peak of the response, 4 days after antigenic stimulation approximately 1 cell in every 200 from lymph node suspensions produces detectable specific antibody, while up to 1 cell in 20 in the lymph is active. For light microscope examination, individual antibody-forming cells were smeared in serum and stained with Leishman's stain. For electron microscopy, a number of active cells were clumped with antiserum to form a specimen of convenient size, then sectioned. Most of the active cells from efferent lymph are large and basophilic, while a small proportion are blastlike. These cells contain abundant free ribosomes and very little endoplasmic reticulum. In the node only, an additional class of antibody-forming plasma cells is found which have considerable amounts of endoplasmic reticulum in their cytoplasm.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred G. Gudat ◽  
T. N. Harris ◽  
Susanna Harris ◽  
Klaus Hummeler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Parallel Orientation ◽  
Transitional Cells

Antibody-bearing cells of spleen and lymph node of the mouse and rabbit detected by rosette formation with the antigenic red blood cells were collected by micropipet and studied by electron microscopy. More than 300 such cells were examined. In the lymph nodes, rosette-forming cells were all in the lymphocytic and plasmacytic categories. In cells of the mouse spleen, macrophages were also found among the RFC, especially in the later days after immunization. The great majority of the RFC, 70–100%, were of the lymphocytic category. These included small, medium, and large lymphocytes with fine gradations of differentiation, and blast forms with little heterochromatin. The endoplasmic reticulum of these cells occurred in short, very narrow pieces, usually in contact with a mitochondrion. The cells of the plasmacytic category also showed fine gradations from plasmablasts to typical mature plasma cells. Plaque-forming cells of mouse and rabbit were also collected by micropipet. Of 162 such cells, fine gradations were also found throughout the lymphocytic and plasmacytic categories, but in this case the great majority were in the plasmacytic group, and more plasma cells showed amorphous nuclear chromatin. Among antibody-forming cells detected by both reactions, some of the more highly differentiated large lymphocytes contained ER which differed from that in the other large lymphocytes in that the channels were slightly and variably distended, with deposition of some precipitate, and with some tendency to a more nearly parallel orientation of the few channels seen. These were considered transitional cells. Of 10 RFC found in mitosis, all were in the lymphocytic category, in various stages of differentiation, the most advanced of which (in 2 of the 10 cells) was that of the transitional lymphocyte described here. Cells producing plaques facilitated by antisera vs. IgG of the mouse or rabbit (7S) showed the same distribution between cell categories and the same fine gradations as the direct (19S) PFC. Cells producing rosettes which were resistant to lysis in the presence of complement, and were thus presumably producing 7S antibody, showed a distribution similar to that found generally with rosette-forming cells, approximately 80–90% in the lymphocytic category.

scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Localization of Russell Bodies in the Human Plasma Cell

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD A. WELSH
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Degenerative Process ◽  
Microscopic Localization ◽  
Electron Microscopic Localization

Abstract The location of Russell bodies in the human plasma cell was shown by electron microscopy to be within the intracisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum. The significance of this finding was discussed from the standpoint of possible intracellular function of the endoplasmic reticulum. The appearance of the affected plasma cells tended to negate a degenerative process, and the suggestion was offered that the Russell body results from a condensation of intracisternal secretion.

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF ANTIBODIES BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN DEVELOPING ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. de Petris ◽  
Gioanna Karlsbad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Booster Injection ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The development of antibody-producing cells in the early stages of the secondary or hyperimmune response has been studied with the electron microscope in lymph nodes of adult chinchilla rabbits immunized with ferritin or apoferritin. The intracellular distribution of antiferritin antibodies was determined in the lymph node cells at 1 to 5 days after a booster injection, employing the labelling technique previously used by the authors (12) to demonstrate the localization of antibodies in mature plasma cells. Antibodies were first detected at 48 hours in blasts; i.e., cells which have a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum and a cytoplasm filled with many ribosomes grouped in clusters. The label was subsequently found in forms intermediate between blasts and plasma cells (plasmoblasts, immature plasma cells), in which the endoplasmic reticulum appeared progressively more developed. Antiferritin antibodies were also found in cells in mitosis. In all the above cell types, antigen-antibody precipitates were consistently found in the perinuclear space and in the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, from an early stage in the development of the latter. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of antibody in the Golgi area. The results are discussed in relation to the possible cellular sites of antibody synthesis.

scholarly journals Normal Human Lymph Node Cells: An Electron Microscopic Study

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT E. BROOKS ◽  
BENJAMIN V. SIEGEL
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lymph Node Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Characteristic Features

Abstract Lymph nodes, from 15 patients undergoing surgery for conditions not related to lymphoid tissue disease, have been examined with the electron microscope. The human lymph node cell types—including lymphocytic, reticular and plasma cells—have been described at low and medium electron microscopic magnifications, and the criteria for their identification are discussed. The characteristic features outlined for identification of these cell types provide a basis for comparison with pathologically altered lymph node cells.

Spermatogenesis in the Dragonfly with Particular Reference to the Cytoplasmic Organelles

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sant S. Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Insect Sperm ◽  
Large Round

Although there have been numerous studies concerning the morphogenetic changes accompanying the maturation of insect sperm, only a few deal with the sperm differentiation in the dragonflies. In two recent electron microscopic studies Kessel, has comprehensively treated the erlationship of microtubules to the nucleus and mid-piece structures during spermiogenesis in the dragonfly. The purpose of this study is to follow the sequential nuclear and cytoplasmic changes which accompany the differentiation of spermatogonium into a mature sperm during spermatogenesis in the dragonfly (Aeschna sp.).The dragonfly spermatogonia are characterized by large round nuclei. Loosely organized chromatin is usually unevenly distributed within the spermatogonial nuclei. The scant cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus contains mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, elements of endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes (Fig. 1).

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS, MIGRATION, AND RELEASE OF PRECURSOR COLLAGEN BY ODONTOBLASTS AS VISUALIZED BY RADIOAUTOGRAPHY AFTER [3H]PROLINE ADMINISTRATION

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn Weinstock ◽  
C. P. Leblond
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Dentin Collagen ◽  
Odontoblast Process ◽  
High Radioactivity

The elaboration of dentin collagen precursors by the odontoblasts in the incisor teeth of 30–40-g rats was investigated by electron microscopy, histochemistry, and radioautography after intravenous injection of tritium-labeled proline. At 2 min after injection, when the labeling of blood proline was high, radioactivity was restricted to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that it is the site of synthesis of the polypeptide precursors of collagen, the pro-alpha chains. At 10 min, when the labeling of blood proline had already declined, radioactivity was observed in spherical portions of Golgi saccules containing entangled threads, and, at 20 min, radioactivity appeared in cylindrical portions containing aggregates of parallel threads. The parallel threads measured 280–350 nm in length and stained with the low pH-phosphotungstic acid technique for carbohydrate and with the silver methenamine technique for aldehydes (as did extracellular collagen fibrils). The passage of label from spherical to cylindrical Golgi portions is associated with the reorganization of entangled into parallel threads, which is interpreted as the packing of procollagen molecules. Between 20 and 30 min, prosecretory and secretory granules respectively became labeled. These results indicate that the cylindrical portions of Golgi saccules transform into prosecretory and subsequently into secretory granules. Within these granules, the parallel threads, believed to be procollagen molecules, are transported to the odontoblast process. At 90 min and 4 h after injection, label was present in predentin, indicating that the labeled content of secretory granules had been released into predentin. This occurred by exocytosis as evidenced by the presence of secretory granules in fusion with the plasmalemma of the odontoblast process. It is proposed that pro-alpha chains give rise to procollagen molecules which assemble into parallel aggregates in the Golgi apparatus. Procollagen molecules are then transported within secretory granules to the odontoblast process and released by exocytosis. In predentin procollagen molecules would give rise to tropocollagen molecules, which would then polymerize into collagen fibrils.

Phase-contrast and electron-microscopic observations on a membranous complex in primary spermatocytes of the mouse

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
A. Pleshkewych ◽  
L. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Secondary Spermatocyte ◽  
Living Mouse ◽  
Circular Contour

A prominent cytoplasmic inclusion present in living mouse primary spermatocytes has been observed by both light and electron microscopy. It began to form at prometaphase and continued to increase in thickness and length as the cells developed. By metaphase it was a distinct sausage-shaped boundary that enclosed a portion of the cytoplasm between the spindle and the cell membrane. At the end of metaphase, the inclusion reached its maximum length. At telophase, it was divided between the daughter secondaries. The inclusion persisted as a circular contour in the interphase secondary spermatocyte. Electron microscopy of the same cultured cells that were previously observed with light microscopy revealed that the inclusion was a distinctive formation of membranes. It consisted of agranular cisternae and vesicles, and was therefore a membranous complex. Many of the smaller vesicles in the membranous complex resembled those found in the spindle. The cisternae in the membranous complex were identical to the cisternal endoplasmic reticulum of interphase primary spermatocytes. Nevertheless, the organization of vesicles and cisternae into the membranous complex was unique for the primaries in division stages, since such an organization was not present in their interphase stages.

scholarly journals Light and dark cells in the lumbar sensory ganglia of pre and post-hatching domestic fowl

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Claudio A. Ferraz de Carvalho ◽  
Ciro F. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Sensory Ganglia ◽  
Dark Cells ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Functional Features

Clear and dark satellite cell classes were identified by electron microscopy in the lumbar sensory ganglia of domestic fowl in 8 pre and 4 post-hatching stages of development. Some cytologic differences found between the two classes relating to the rough-endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and junctional complexes suggest the existence of distinct functional features for both types of satellite cells.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF PLASMA-CELL TUMORS OF THE MOUSE

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Parsons ◽  
E. B. Darden ◽  
D. L. Lindsley ◽  
Guthrie T. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Granular Body ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Cytoplasmic Structure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
C3h Mice

An electron microscope study was made of a series of transplanted MPC-1 plasma-cell tumors carried by BALB/c mice. Large numbers of particles similar in morphology to virus particles were present inside the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor plasma cells. Very few particles were seen outside the cells or in ultracentrifuged preparations of the plasma or ascites fluid. In very early tumors particles were occasionally seen free in the cytoplasm adjacent to finely granular material. In general, the distribution of these particles inside endoplasmic reticulum is similar in early and late tumors. A few transplanted X5563 tumors of C3H mice were also examined. Large numbers of particles were found in the region of the Golgi apparatus in late X5663 tumors. A newly described cytoplasmic structure of plasma cells, here called a "granular body," appears to be associated with the formation of the particles. Particles present in MPC-1 tumors are exclusively of a doughnut form, whereas some of those in the inclusions of the late X5563 tumors show a dense center. Normal plasma cells, produced by inoculation of a modified Freund adjuvant into BALB/c mice. have been compared morphologically with tumor plasma cells of both tumor lines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document