scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL AGITATION AND OF TEMPERATURE UPON COMPLEMENT

1911 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Noguchi ◽  
J. Bronfenbrenner
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Complementary Activity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Original Strength ◽  
Pig Serum

1. Under certain conditions, mechanical agitation destroys the complementary activity of guinea pig serum. It is most injurious when carried out constantly at a temperature of 37° C., but it is extremely insignificant at 10° C. After the first few hours at 37° C., the destruction of complement proceeded much more rapidly, and after six hours it was almost complete. On the other hand, within one hour shaking had almost no destructive effect on complement, even at 37° C. From this we may conclude that the several shakings which are necessary for fixation experiments during incubation do not modify perceptibly the outcome of the reactions. 2. The rate of destruction of the complement of guinea pig serum at temperatures above 45° C. is progressively greater as it approaches 55° C., at which temperature the activity is reduced in thirty minutes to one-thirtieth to one-fortieth of the original strength of the unheated serum; but it is not completely destroyed, as is commonly assumed. The velocity of destruction of guinea pig complement when exposed to 55° C. for various lengths of time is found to be quite irregular, and not proportional to the length of time. This irregularity, however, presents a certain rhythm, a period of greater destruction alternating with one of less destruction.

scholarly journals A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Times

Anti-soluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances, which develop following infection with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, appear to be separate entities. The times of appearance and regression of the two antibodies are different in both man and the guinea pig; the antisoluble substance antibodies appear earlier and remain a shorter time. Moreover, mice develop them but no demonstrable neutralizing substances. Injection of formalin-treated, virus-free extracts containing considerable amounts of soluble antigen fails to elicit anti-soluble substance antibodies and to induce immunity in normal guinea pigs; administration of such preparations to immune pigs, however, is followed by a marked increase in the titer of anti-soluble substance antibodies in their serum. On the other hand, suspensions of formolized washed virus are effective in normal guinea pigs in stimulating both anti-soluble substance antibodies and protective substances, and in inducing immunity to infection.

scholarly journals II.—Excavations at Sparta, 1906: § 6.—Remains of the Archaic Greek Period

1906 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 318-330
Author(s):  
R. M. Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Original Condition ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chief Interest ◽  
Striking Contrast ◽  
Votive Offerings

The archaic remains, which the trial trenches have revealed at a level beneath the Roman building and temple described above, present in one respect a striking contrast. Except inscriptions, the later buildings have not yielded many small objects: their importance lies in their architectural arrangement and purpose. In the archaic stratum on the other hand, although some architectural fragments have already been found, and more are expected, the chief interest centres in the wonderful wealth of small objects, doubtless votive offerings, and the light they throw on the early stages of art in Sparta. Before our work this year, this deposit was accessible only from the side of the river, where erosion has produced a section of all the strata from the present surface down to virgin soil. This face, shewn in Fig. 1, p. 319, in its original condition before excavation, we have protected with a wall, to guard the site from the destructive effect of the floods to which the Eurotas is liable, the lowest remains being hardly higher than the level of the bed of the river. Work was begun at this naturally exposed face, where the lead figurines now in the Sparta Museum were found, which gave the first clue to the site, and the number of archaic objects unearthed in the first few hours immediately revealed its extraordinary richness.

scholarly journals El género narrativo de Testo yonqui. Aproximación a la deriva ensayística de Paul B. Preciado

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-214
Author(s):  
Pau Conde Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Este artículo trata de problematizar la definición taxonómica de Testo yonqui desde una óptica literaria que atiende a su faceta narrativa para dilucidar los cauces por los que se manifiesta en tanto que ensayo queer. Dicha problematización es abordada desde dos lugares: por un lado, desde la propia obra, atendiendo a las autodefiniciones presentes en el texto, que son examinadas a partir del marco teórico de la autobiografía; y, por otro lado, desde la recepción crítica de Testo yonqui. En último lugar, a la luz de lo anterior, se exponen una serie de tensiones relativas a la relación entre narración, referente y representación en la propuesta experimental del principio autocobaya.   This article aims to question the taxonomical definition of Testo Junkie from a literary perspective that considers its narrative aspect in order to elucidate the ways in which it can be regarded as a queer essay. Such questioning is approached from two angles: on the one hand, from the work itself, examining the self-definitions found in the text, which are studied on the basis of the theoretical framework of autobiography; and, on the other hand, from Testo Junkie’s critic reception. Lastly, the principle of the auto-guinea pig is also explored, in reference to the series of tensions arising from the relationship between narration, referent and representation.

Chronicle

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Other Hand

The All-Ukrainian Bacteriological Institute is developing with successful results the question of protective vaccinations against typhus. A number of experiments performed on guinea pigs showed that guinea pig infected with typhus passerine virus and having suffered the disease is immune to subsequent infection with the blood of a typhus-typhoid patient. On the other hand, guinea pig infected with the blood of a typhoid patient and having survived the disease appears immune to infection with the guinea pig passage virus.

scholarly journals REQUIREMENT FOR α-L-FUCOSE ON THE MACROPHAGE MEMBRANE RECEPTOR FOR MIF

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz G. Remold
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Membrane Receptor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Macrophage Membrane

α-L-fucose abolishes the activity of guinea pig migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the macrophages. Other sugars such as α-D-glucose, ß-D-galactose, α-L-rhamnose, methyl-α-D-mannoside, and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosamine had no effect. Theabolition of MIF activity by α-L-fucose was reversible. When macrophages were incubated with α-L-fucosidase, a glycosidase which splits terminal α-L-fucose from oligosaccharides, the macrophages no longer responded to MIF. On the other hand, MIF incubated with α-L-fucosidase was still active. These experiments strongly suggest that α-L-fucose comprises an essential part of a macrophage membrane receptor for MIF.

scholarly journals THE AUTODIGESTION OF NORMAL SERUM THROUGH THE ACTION OF CERTAIN CHEMICAL AGENTS. II

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shotaro Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Inorganic Adsorbents ◽  
Foreign Substrate ◽  
Pig Serum

1. The neutral fats, fatty acids, and lipoid bodies of serum seem to play no part in autodigestion. Neither the addition of fats or lipoids in excess to the serum, nor their removal by extraction with ether influences the phenomenon of autodigestion. 2. There is present in native serum an antienzymic substance which is closely related to the autolytic ferment of serum. 3. The antiseroprotease of normal serum has almost the same thermal resistance as the seroprotease; that is, it survives heating at 55°C. for 30 minutes but is completely inactivated at 60°C. for the same length of time. 4. The ferment can be removed from the serum by means of inorganic adsorbents, but the antienzymic substance remains in the treated serum. 5. The autolytic power of the sera of man and other animals is much weaker than that of guinea pig serum, but they contain as much as does the latter of the antisubstance which inhibits the digestion of the activated guinea pig serum. 6. The autodigestion of the activated serum is due to the splitting of the serum protein by the proteolytic ferment of the same serum and is brought about by the destruction of the antienzymic substance by the chemical reagents. On the other hand, the digestion products in a mixture of a foreign substrate and guinea pig serum are derived from the direct digestion of the substrate by the serum ferment. This digestion takes place in spite of the presence of the antiseroprotease. The serum separated from the substrate can no longer produce a split product, but is as actively antienzymic as the original serum and undergoes autodigestion only when treated with acetone or other chemical activators.

A comparison of antigen-induced and calcium ionophore A23187 induced contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Burka ◽  
Nigel A. M. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Lipoxygenase Pathway ◽  
Histamine Secretion ◽  
Other Hand

Ovalbumin (OA) and the calcium ionophore A23187 induced a dose-dependent contraction of guinea pig tracheal strips. The OA-induced contraction (of sensitized trachea) consisted of an initial peak contraction, maximal between 5 and 10 min, followed by a very gradual decline from the peak. On the other hand, A23187 induced a sustained contraction of the trachea with a more gradual onset. Both antigen- and A23187-induced contractions required the presence of extracellular calcium. The response was not reduced by delaying (up to 10 min) the addition of calcium, suggesting that the mechanism of antigen-induced contraction differs from that of antigen-induced histamine secretion from rat mast cells and human basophils. The 1st min of the OA-induced contraction was inhibited significantly by mepyramine (10−5 M) suggesting that histamine contributed to the contraction at this time point. In contrast, A23187-induced contraction was unaffected by mepyramine. On the other hand, both the A23187-induced contraction and the prolonged phase of the OA-induced contraction were enhanced by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and inhibited by phenidone, a cyclooxygenase–lipoxygenase inhibitor. This suggests that a product of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism contributes to OA- and A23187-induced contraction of the guinea pig trachea.

Effect of glucocorticoids on the response of airway smooth muscle to catecholamine and resorcinol β-agonists

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1442-1447
Author(s):  
Ralph C. Kolbeck ◽  
Bashir A. Chaudhary ◽  
William A. Speir
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tracheal Smooth Muscle ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Other Hand

The influence of hydrocortisone (11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) or of methylprednisolone (6α-methyl-11β,17α-21-trihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) on the response of airway smooth muscle to a variety of β-adrenergic bronchodilators was evaluated using incubated guinea pig tracheal rings, preconstricted with histamine. The adrenergic agonists chosen for this study included the nonselective β1- and β2-catecholamine, isoproterenol, the selective β2-catecholamine, rimiterol, and the selective β2-resorcinols, fenoterol and terbutaline. When the incubated rings were pretreated with 10–50 μg/mL of the steroids, there was a significant enhancement in smooth muscle sensitivity and reactivity to rimiterol and isoproterenol. Tracheal response to fenoterol or terbutaline, on the other hand, was not altered by the glucocorticoids. When used alone, neither steroid exerted an inotropic influence on the tracheal smooth muscle. The results of our study indicate that glucocorticoid enhancement of adrenergic bronchodilators is selective for catecholamines, and not for resorcinols.Key words: tracheal smooth muscle, glucocorticoids, β-adrenergic agonists, catecholamines, resorcinols.

Biological effects and ultrastructural alterations of cis-tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen in the uterus and vagina of newborn guinea pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lecerf ◽  
B.-L. Nguyen ◽  
J. R. Pasqualini
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Ultrastructural Alterations ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract. The biological and morphological effects of cis-tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, administered sc alone (100 μg/animal) or combined with estradiol (20 μg/animal) were studied in the uterus and vagina of the guinea pig. After 2 days treatment the values of the uterine wet weights (mg ± sd of 6–10 animals in each study) were as follows: non-treated animals (control): 142 ± 15; animals treated with cis-tamoxifen: 119 ± 4; N-desmethyltamoxifen: 280 ± 20; 4-hydroxytamoxifen: 268 ± 25. The values after long treatment were: 177 ± 30; 490 ± 65; 394 ± 36 and 581 ± 60, respectively. After short treatment the weights of the vaginas were: control: 99 ± 20; cis-Tamoxifen: 67 ± 2; N-desmethyltamoxifen: 153 ± 25; 4-hydroxytamoxifen: 166 ± 7; and after the long treatment: 155 ± 40; 660 ± 41; 467 ± 38 and 502 ±61, respectively. N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen increased the progesterone receptors in the uterus after short treatment (P < 0.01) but not after 12 days treatment. On the other hand, there was no effect on progesterone receptor in the vagina after the short treatment but a very stimulatory effect after the long treatment. The morphological alterations after 12-days treatment indicate that the three tamoxifen derivatives in the two tissues studied provoke intense alterations in different organelles. In conclusion, it is suggested that the tamoxifen derivatives can act as real agonists in the uterus and vagina of the newborn guinea pig, and they do not block the effect provoked by estradiol.

scholarly journals Sensitizing Capacities and Cross-Reactivity Patterns of Some Diisocyanates and Amines Using the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test. Can p-phenylenediamine be Used as a Marker for Diisocyanate Contact Allergy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haneen Hamada ◽  
Erik Zimerson ◽  
Magnus Bruze ◽  
Marléne Isaksson ◽  
Malin Engfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Contact Allergy ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Patch Test ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Test Reactions ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Background:Isocyanates are mainly considered respiratory allergens but can also cause contact allergy. Diphenylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-MDA) has been considered a marker for diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) contact allergy. Furthermore, overrepresentation of positive patch-test reactions top-phenylenediamine (PPD) in 4,4′-MDA positive patients have been reported.Objectives:To investigate the sensitizing capacities of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and PPD and the cross-reactivity of 4,4′-MDA, 2,4-TDI, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-DMDA), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-DMDI), 4,4′-MDI and PPD.Methods:The Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) was used.Results:PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to PPD showed cross-reactivity to 4,4′-MDA (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to 4,4′-MDA did not show cross-reactivity to PPD. 8 animals sensitized to 2,4-TDI were sacrificed due to toxic reactions at the induction site and could thus not be fully evaluated.Conclusion:PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer. However, it cannot be used as a marker for isocyanate contact allergy. On the other hand, positive reactions to 4,4′-MDA could indicate a PPD allergy. The intradermal induction concentration of 2,4-TDI (0.70% w/v) can induce strong local toxic reactions in guinea-pigs and should be lowered.

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