scholarly journals Characterization of nonlymphoid cells derived from rat peripheral lymph

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1758-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Pugh ◽  
GG MacPherson ◽  
HW Steer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

Mesenteric lymphadenectomy in rats is followed by union of peripheral and central lymphatics, allowing the collection of intestine-derived peripheral lymph cells via the thoracic duct for several days. These cells include a proportion of nonlymphoid cells (NLC) that show irregular and heterogeneous surface morphology including long pseudopodia and veils. They stain variably for nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and are ATPase-positive. Their nuclei are irregular and some contain cytoplasmic inclusions, some of which show peroxidase activity and/or contain DNA. NLC have a range of densitites generally lower than that of lymphocytes. Freshly collected NLC express the leukocyte-common antigen (defined by monoclonal antibody MRC Ox 1) and Ia antigens (I-A and I-E subregion products defined by monoclonal antibodies) but they show a relative lack of other surface markers normally found on rat B or T lymphocytes (W3/13, W3/25, MRC Ox 12 (sIg), MRC Ox 19) or rat macrophages (FcR, C'R, mannose R, W3/25). In general NLC are only weakly adherent to glass or plastic. Although a subpopulation of NLC appear to have had a phagocytic past, freshly collected NLC fail to phagocytose a variety of test particles in vitro. NLC also appear incapable of pinocytosis in vitro. This heterogeneity may represent distinct subpopulations of NLC or different stages in the development of a single cell lineage. Direct cannulation of mesenteric lacteals shows that the majority of NLC are derived from the small intestine and their precursors appear to be present both in lamina propria and Peyer's patches. Kinetic studies, following irradiation or intravenous tritiated thymidine, show that the majority of NLC turn over rapidly in the intestine with a modal time of 3-5 d. Studies with bone marrow chimeras show that they are derived from a rapidly dividing precursor present in normal bone marrow. NLC occur at very low frequencies in normal thoracic duct lymph at all times following cannulation. The evidence presented suggests that NLC closely resemble mouse lymphoid dendritic cells. This conclusion is supported by evidence already obtained showing that NLC are potent stimulators of the semi-allogeneic rat primary mixed leukocyte reaction. In addition to the ceils resembling dendritic cells rare monocytoid cells are found in thoracic duct lymph of lymphadenectomized specific pathogen-free rats. The proportion of these cells increases greatly when the animals are conventionally housed. It seems probable that the physiological function of NLC is to act as accessory cells in the lymph nodes to which they normally drain. Methods for enriching NLC and thus facilitating analysis of their functions are discussed.

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN AND TURNOVER OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN PERITONEAL EXUDATES IN RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Volkman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Kinetics Of

Tritiated thymidine-labeling data in individual and parabiotic rats showed that macrophages in peritoneal exudates were derived from cells in the blood which were the progeny of rapidly and continuously proliferating precursors. The characteristics of this population identify them with free macrophages studied in other sites; similarly, they can be obtained from transfused bone marrow. Cells in the exudates which were morphologically indistinguishable from small lymphocytes were also found to have the labeling features of a rapidly proliferating population in contrast with the known kinetics of the majority of small lymphocytes in blood and thoracic duct lymph. However, experimental evidence indicated that the lymphocytelike exudate cells had emigrated from the blood and that bone marrow was a source of their precursors. These findings support the concept of the heterogeneity of lymphocytes. The possible relationships among the mononuclear cells is discussed.

scholarly journals Antigen acquisition by dendritic cells: intestinal dendritic cells acquire antigen administered orally and can prime naive T cells in vivo.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Liu ◽  
G G MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Primary Antibody Response

In the rat, mesenteric lymphadenectomy allows collection of dendritic cells (DC) derived from the small intestine after cannulation of the thoracic duct. We prepared rats this way and administered antigens by oral feeding or intraintestinal injection. DC enriched from the thoracic duct lymph collected over the first 24 h from these animals are able to stimulate sensitized T cells in vitro and to prime popliteal lymph node CD4+ T cells after footpad injection, while B and T cells from the same thoracic duct lymph are inert in priming. 500 or less DC pulsed in vitro with antigen can prime T cells in vivo, whereas 100 times more B cells or macrophages pulsed in vitro are quite inert. 1 mg of ovalbumin administered orally is sufficient to load DC for in vivo priming of T cells. Antigen could not be detected directly in DC but was present in macrophages in the lamina propria. Direct presentation of antigen by DC to T cells was demonstrated by injecting F1 recipients with parental DC and showing restriction of T cell sensitization to the major histocompatibility complex of the injected DC. Antigen-bearing DC do not induce a detectable primary antibody response but a small secondary antibody response can be detected after a boosting injection. These results show that acquisition of antigens by DC in the intestine is very similar to what occurs in vitro or in other tissues, suggesting that there may be no special difference in antigen handling at mucosal surfaces. One implication of these results is that hypotheses designed to explain oral tolerance must take into account the presence of immunostimulatory, antigen-bearing DC in animals that have received oral antigens.

scholarly journals Brief Note: Marrow Repopulating Ability of Peripheral Blood Cells Compared to Thoracic Duct Cells

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STORB ◽  
R. B. EPSTEIN ◽  
E. D. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Hemopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Marrow Repopulating Ability

Abstract Ten dogs were exposed to 1200 r. of whole body irradiation at a dose rate of 9.2 r./min. Five of these dogs were then given infusions of 21 to 74 x 109 autologous peripheral blood cells which had been previously stored at -80 C. 4.0 to 19.4 x 109 of these cells were lymphocytes, 0.4 to 4.9 x 109 were monocytes and 16.4 to 50.3 x 109 were granulocytes. All five dogs showed clinical or histologic evidence of bone marrow repopulation. The remaining 5 dogs were given 7 to 22 x 109 autologous thoracic duct lymphocytes. In none of these dogs was marrow repopulation observed. It was concluded that hemopoietic stem cells are not present in the thoracic duct lymph of the dog in any appreciable number.

scholarly journals THE LIFE-SPAN AND RECIRCULATION OF MARROW-DERIVED SMALL LYMPHOCYTES FROM THE RAT THORACIC DUCT

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Life Span ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Marrow Cells

These experiments describe the preparation of pure marrow-derived lymphocyte suspensions from the thoracic duct of thymectomized, irradiated rats reconstituted with bone marrow cells. The majority of marrow-derived cells were small lymphocytes morphologically indistinguishable from small lymphocytes in thoracic duct lymph of normal donors. Marrow-derived small lymphocytes (B lymphocytes) were a predominantly long-lived population; the frequency of short-lived B lymphocytes in the thoracic duct was not significantly higher than the frequency of short-lived small lymphocytes in normal lymph. B lymphocytes transferred to normal recipients recirculated from blood to lymph. The first appearance of intravenously injected B lymphocytes in the thoracic duct was delayed relative to lymphocytes from normal donors and there was no clear cut modal recirculation time. Nevertheless their recirculation over a 48 hr period after transfusion was of the same order of magnitude as that of lymphocytes from normal donors.

scholarly journals THE CARRIAGE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY BY SMALL LYMPHOCYTES IN THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gowans ◽  
Jonathan W. Uhr
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Secondary Type ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Lymphocytes were obtained from the thoracic duct of rats 1½ to 15 months after primary immunization with a single dose of bacteriophage ϕX 174. An intravenous injection of these lymphocytes conferred on heavily X-irradiated rats the ability to form antibody in a secondary-type manner after a first injection of ϕX. Negligible responses were obtained after cell transfer if the recipients were not challenged with antigen. Thoracic duct cells from some immunized donors were incubated in vitro for 24 hr before transfer in order to destroy selectively the large, dividing lymphocytes. The responsiveness conferred on X-irradiated recipients by such "incubated" inocula was then compared with that given by equal numbers of "fresh" thoracic duct cells. In all such comparisons the recipients of the "incubated" cells gave higher and more rapid antibody responses. It was concluded that the cells in thoracic duct lymph which carried immunological memory were small lymphocytes.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF MARROW-DERIVED AND THYMUS-DERIVED SMALL LYMPHOCYTES IN THE LYMPHOID TISSUE AND THORACIC DUCT LYMPH OF NORMAL RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Howard ◽  
S. V. Hunt ◽  
J. L. Gowans
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Uridine Uptake ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations ◽  
Two Populations

These experiments show that small lymphocytes from the thoracic duct of rats are normally a mixture of thymus-derived and marrow-derived cells, and define the traffic areas in lymphoid tissues through which the two populations recirculate. Thoracic duct lymphocytes were labeled in vitro with uridine-3H and their histological distribution in the lymphoid tissues of normal recipients was demonstrated by radioautography. Labeled lymphocytes occupied two adjacent areas distinguished by a marked difference in the intensity of labeling; heavily labeled cells were found in thymus-dependent traffic areas of lymphocyte recirculation, while lightly labeled cells localized in the thymus-independent follicular areas around germinal centers. A corresponding heterogeneity of uridine uptake among small lymphocytes from normal donors was demonstrated by sedimentation at 1 g; slowly sedimenting cells incorporated little uridine and localized in follicular areas after transfusion while rapidly sedimenting cells incorporated more uridine and localized in thymus-dependent areas after transfusion. Experimentally prepared marrow-derived small lymphocytes behaved in sedimentation studies and after transfusion like a pure population of the lightly labeled small lymphocytes in normal lymph. Artificially reconstituted mixtures of marrow-derived and thymus-derived lymphocytes were qualitatively indistinguishable from normal lymphocyte populations.

Long-lived T and B lymphocytes in the bone marrow and thoracic duct lymph of the mouse

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Röpke ◽  
H.P. Hougen ◽  
N.B. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
T And B Lymphocytes ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE DIVIDING LYMPH NODE CELLS IN SYNGENEIC RECIPIENT RATS AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Griscelli ◽  
Pierre Vassalli ◽  
Robert T. McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Syngeneic Recipient

The distribution of large dividing lymph node or thoracic duct lymph cells, labeled in vitro with 3H-thymidine, was studied in syngeneic recipient rats after intravenous injection. In most experiments the donor rats had been immunized with Bacillus pertussis 4 days earlier, but in some instances cells from nonimmunized donors were used. In smears, the labeled donor cells had the appearance of large lymphocytes or large pyroninophilic cells. By electronmicroscopy, the majority of labeled donor cells were seen to have only scanty endoplasmic reticulum. It was found that the labeled cells rapidly "homed" to lymphoid tissue and recirculated in the recipient, in a fashion resembling that of small lymphocytes. However, the distribution of labeled cells was found to depend upon the source of the donor cells. Cells from mesenteric lymph nodes or thoracic duct lymph showed a marked preferential accumulation in lymphoid tissue within or adjacent to the intestine, whereas cells from peripheral nodes accumulated preferentially in peripheral lymph nodes. Cells from any of these sources showed an equal tendency to accumulate in the white pulp of the spleen. Suspensions of small lymphocytes, labeled in vitro with 3H-uridine, did not display a similar tendency to localize preferentially in lymphoid tissue in certain regions. It was also found that large dividing lymph node cells from donors immunized with an antigen (2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine gamma globulin (DNP-BGG) or B. pertussis) showed a greater tendency to accumulate in a recipient lymph node containing that antigen than in the contralateral node. It was not determined whether the selective accumulation of large dividing lymphoid cells from different sources in lymphoid tissue of different regions in recipients was due to an antigen recognition mechansim or was the result of two different populations of cells with different "homing" mechanisms.

scholarly journals Labelling of Cells in Thoracic Duct Lymph of the Guinea Pig after Tritiated Thymidine

Nature ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 182 (4649) ◽  
pp. 1608-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. YOFFEY ◽  
N. B. EVERETT ◽  
W. O. REINHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

scholarly journals The Appearance of Labeled Cells in the Thoracic Duct Lymph of the Guinea Pig after the Administration of Tritiated Thymidine

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. EVERETT ◽  
W. O. REINHARDT ◽  
J. M. YOFFEY
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Cell Series ◽  
Sequential Appearance

Abstract Tritium-labeled thymidine was given by either intraperitoneal or intravenous injection to 13 male guinea pigs of approximately 400 Gm. weight. At times varying from 1 hour to 30 days after the administration of thymidine, thoracic duct lymph was obtained and examined for the presence of labeled cells. After a single dose of thymidine, a steady stream of labeled lymphocytes, ranging from 2 to 7 per cent of the total cells, enters the blood over the period studied. The intensity of the labeling appears to diminish gradually. Labeled large and medium lymphocytes were found in the lymph during the first hour. Labeled small lymphocytes began to appear in the fourth hour, in small numbers, and thereafter increased, whereas the proportion of labeled large and medium lymphocytes steadily diminished. This sequential appearance of large, medium and small lymphocytes is interpreted as indicating the pattern of development of the cell series. The labeled small lymphocytes appearing in the lymph are considered to be newly formed from precursor cells located in the various lymphatic tissues.

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