scholarly journals Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize an HLA-A2-restricted epitope within the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen.

1991 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Penna ◽  
F V Chisari ◽  
A Bertoletti ◽  
G Missale ◽  
P Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

The absence of readily manipulable experimental systems to study the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens has thus far precluded a definitive demonstration of the role played by this response in the pathogenesis of liver cell injury and viral clearance during HBV infection. To circumvent the problem that HBV infection of human cells in vitro for production of stimulator/target systems for CTL analysis is not feasible, a panel of 22 overlapping synthetic peptides covering the entire amino acid sequence of the HBV core (HBcAg) and e (HBeAg) antigens were used to induce and to analyze the HBV nucleocapsid-specific CTL response in nine patients with acute hepatitis B, six patients with chronic active hepatitis B, and eight normal controls. By using this approach, we have identified an HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope, located within the NH2-terminal region of the HBV core molecule, which is shared with the e antigen and is readily recognized by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with self-limited acute hepatitis B but less efficiently in chronic HBV infection. Our study provides the first direct evidence of HLA class I-restricted T cell cytotoxicity against HBV in humans. Furthermore, the different response in HBV-infected subjects who successfully clear the virus (acute patients) in comparison with patients who do not succeed (chronic patients) suggests a pathogenetic role for this CTL activity in the clearance of HBV infection.

scholarly journals Acute Hepatitis B Co-infection in HIV-Infected Patients Despite Prior Hepatitis B Vaccination

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rolland ◽  
L. Antonova ◽  
J. Powis ◽  
T. Murdoch ◽  
D. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

Clinicians often assume that patients vaccinated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) have immunity. We report three cases of acute HBV infection in HBV-vaccinated HIV patients. These cases illustrate that patients at an elevated risk of HBV exposure presenting with acute hepatitis should be tested for HBV infection regardless of previous vaccination status.

Analysis of infectious source of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: Factors affecting the severity of acute hepatitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
K. Michitaka ◽  
N. Horiike ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
H. Yatsuhashi ◽  
N. Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B ◽  
Infectious Source

scholarly journals Dissociation of alanine aminotransferase values in acute hepatitis A patients with and without past experience to the hepatitis B virus

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Papachristou ◽  
A. S. Dumas ◽  
V. C. Katsouyannopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

SUMMARYSerological markers and peak serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values of 140 in-patients with acute hepatitis, either type A (n= 90), or type B (n= 50) were prospectively assessed. In 23 out of the 90 patients with acute hepatitis A, evidence of previous experience with hepatitis B virus (HBV) was found, whereas 35 out of the 50 patients with acute hepatitis B had past contact with hepatitis A virus (HAV). The mean peak ALT values [S.D.] were significantly higher in hepatitis A patients with previous experience with HBV (1413 [704] i.u./l), when compared to those without such experience (842 [464] i.u./l, P < 0·001). Such a difference was not evident between acute hepatitis B patients, whether or not they had previous contact with HAV. We conclude that when acute hepatitis A is superimposed on past HBV infection an augmented transaminaemia, indicative of enhanced liver cell necrosis, takes place although a definite explanation is lacking. We suggest that individuals with markers of HBV infection should be early candidates for HAV immunization.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Immune Response in Acute Hepatitis B Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Stelma ◽  
Sophie B Willemse ◽  
Robin Erken ◽  
Annikki de Niet ◽  
Marjan J Sinnige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

Abstract Background Acute hepatitis B virus infection in adults is generally self-limiting but may lead to chronicity in a minority of patients. Methods We included 9 patients with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and collected longitudinal follow-up samples. Natural killer (NK) cell characteristics were analyzed by flowcytometry. HBV-specific T-cell function was analyzed by in vitro stimulation with HBV peptide pools and intracellular cytokine staining. Results Median baseline HBV DNA load was 5.12 log IU/mL, and median ALT was 2652 U/mL. Of 9 patients, 8 cleared HBsAg within 6 months whereas 1 patient became chronically infected. Early time points after infection showed increased CD56bright NK cells and an increased proportion of cells expressing activation markers. Most of these had normalized at week 24, while the proportion of TRAIL-positive CD56bright NK cells remained high in the chronically infected patient. In patients who cleared HBV, functional HBV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ responses could be observed, whereas in the patient who developed chronic infection, only low HBV-specific T-cell responses were observed. Conclusions NK cells are activated early in the course of acute HBV infection. Broad and multispecific T-cell responses are observed in patients who clear acute HBV infection, but not in a patient who became chronically infected.

scholarly journals Clinical Features of Adult Patients with Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection Progressing to Chronic Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojiro Michitaka ◽  
Atsushi Hiraoka ◽  
Yoshio Tokumoto ◽  
Keiko Ninomiya ◽  
Tomoyuki Ninomiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B ◽  
Group A

Background. Information regarding the progression of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to chronic infection in adults is scarce.Methods. Twenty-five adult patients with acute HBV infection (14 men and 11 women, 18–84 years old), whose clinical features progressed to those of chronic infection (group A) or did not (group B), were studied retrospectively.Results. There were 3 and 22 patients in groups A and B, respectively. Two of the 3 patients of group A lacked the typical symptoms of acute hepatitis. No differences were found between groups with respect to age, sex, or HBV genotypes. However, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransaminase levels were significantly lower in group A.Conclusions. Three of the 25 adult patients with acute HBV infection progressed to chronic infection. Hepatitis was mild in these patients. Patients with mild acute hepatitis B or unapparent HBV infection may have a higher risk of progressing to chronic infection.

scholarly journals Injections in health care settings: a risk factor for acute hepatitis B virus infection in Karachi, Pakistan

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. USMAN ◽  
S. AKHTAR ◽  
M. H. RAHBAR ◽  
S. HAMID ◽  
T. MOATTAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B ◽  
Control Study

A case control study was conducted to identify the association of therapeutic injections with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Karachi, Pakistan. We enrolled 67 cases of acute HBV infection (IgM anti-HBc positive) and 247 controls (anti-HBc negative) from four hospitals of Karachi during July 2000–June 2001. Exposure to various risk factors during the period relevant to the incubation period of HBV was recorded both from cases and controls using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data showed that cases were more likely to have received one injection (OR=4·0; 95% CI 1·4, 11·1), or more than one injection (OR=6·3; 95% CI 3·2, 12·4) compared to controls. The estimated population attributable risk (PAR) for therapeutic injections was 53%. Also the cases compared to controls were more likely to have household size of seven or more (OR=1·9; 95% CI 0·95, 3·9). This study showed that unsafe therapeutic injections appear to be the major risk factor for acute HBV infection and needs immediate focus from public health stand point.

Serum cytokines and HBsAg decline in patients with acute Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Markova ◽  
J Jaroszewicz ◽  
M Rogalska-Taranta ◽  
C Falk ◽  
SB Wiegand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis Induced by Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh Ali Mohammed ◽  
Wisam Ghadban ◽  
Osama Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

During the course of acute viral hepatitis, some functional and anatomical changes to the gallbladder can occur. Acute acalculous cholecystitis (ACC) is a rare complication of acute hepatitis B virus infection; only few cases are reported as ACC associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection. ACC cases are self-limiting, while other limited cases can progress to a gangrenous state, perforation, and even death. We present a 27-year-old female case diagnosed to have acute acalculous cholecystitis and associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection, and she recovered within one week of her presentation without complication or surgical intervention.

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