scholarly journals Immunoglobulin E–dependent Active Fatal Anaphylaxis in Mast Cell–deficient Mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 (9) ◽  
pp. 1587-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il Hwan Choi ◽  
Young Min Shin ◽  
Jae Seung Park ◽  
Moo Sam Lee ◽  
Eue Hyeog Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Plasma Histamine Level ◽  
Central Effector ◽  
Fatal Anaphylaxis

Mast cells have long been believed to be the central effector cells in the development of immunoglobulin (Ig)E-dependent anaphylaxis. In this study, we investigated the role of mast cells in IgE-dependent hapten-induced active fatal anaphylaxis using mast cell–deficient WBB6F1- W/Wv (W/Wv) and congenic normal (+/+) mice. Although a 5-min delay in shock signs and death were observed in W/Wv mice, 100% fatal reactions to penicillin V (Pen V) occurred in both +/+ and W/Wv mice. Administration of monoclonal anti–IL-4 antibody completely prevented the fatal reactions, and the effect of anti–IL-4 was associated with its suppressive activity on Pen V–specific serum levels of IgE, but not IgG. The platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, BN 50739, completely prevented the fatal reactions in both strains of mice. Our kinetic study revealed, in contrast to no elevation of plasma histamine level in W/Wv mice, high levels of PAF in the circulation after challenge in both +/+ and W/Wv mice, albeit to a lesser degree in the latter case. These data indicate that cells other than mast cells are sufficient to induce an IgE-dependent active fatal anaphylaxis by elaborating PAF, which is the critical mediator for fatal murine anaphylaxis.

Immunoglobulin E in Chronic Middle Ear Effusions

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lim ◽  
Yea S. Liu ◽  
James Schram ◽  
Herbert G. Birck
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mast Cell Degranulation ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reaginic Antibody

A total of 61 middle ear effusions and matched sera obtained from patients suffering from chronic otitis media with effusions (OME) was examined for IgE and other immunoglobulins to see if a reaginic antibody is involved in OME. The IgE levels were determined by the Phadebas IgE radioimmunoassay test. Excluding one patient who had extremely high IgE as a result of parasitosis, there were only three cases which showed marginally increased serum IgE levels. Elevated IgE levels in sera and/or in effusions were unrelated to a history of allergy. The mucoid effusions had significantly higher effusion levels than the levels in corresponding sera (p <.0005). Fourteen percent of the cases examined showed effusion IgE levels five times or more higher than serum levels. Biopsy specimens of these patients showed numerous degranulating mast cells. Only two specimens showed eosinophilic infiltration. It is suggested that the IgE is produced locally by the mucosa in mucoid-type effusions and may have been involved in mast cell degranulation. However, this study cannot confirm the allergic nature of the OME.

scholarly journals Mast Cells and Skin and Breast Cancers: A Complicated and Microenvironment-Dependent Role

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Mark R. Hanes ◽  
Carman A. Giacomantonio ◽  
Jean S. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cancer Settings

Mast cells are important sentinel cells in host defense against infection and major effector cells in allergic disease. The role of these cells in cancer settings has been widely debated. The diverse range of mast cell functions in both immunity and tissue remodeling events, such as angiogenesis, provides multiple opportunities for mast cells to modify the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we consider both skin and breast cancer settings to address the controversy surrounding the importance of mast cells in the host response to tumors. We specifically address the key mediators produced by mast cells which impact tumor development. The role of environmental challenges in modifying mast cell responses and opportunities to modify mast cell responses to enhance anti-tumor immunity are also considered. While the mast cell’s role in many cancer contexts is complicated and poorly understood, the activities of these tissue resident and radioresistant cells can provide important opportunities to enhance anti-cancer responses and limit cancer development.

Fetal mast cells mediate postnatal allergic responses dependent on maternal IgE

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6519) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Msallam ◽  
Jozef Balla ◽  
Abhay P. S. Rathore ◽  
Hassen Kared ◽  
Benoit Malleret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Neonatal Fc Receptor ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Central Effector

Mast cells (MCs) are central effector cells in allergic reactions that are often mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergies commonly start at an early age, and both MCs and IgE are detectable in fetuses. However, the origin of fetal IgE and whether fetal MCs can degranulate in response to IgE-dependent activation are presently unknown. Here, we show that human and mouse fetal MCs phenotypically mature through pregnancy and can be sensitized by maternal IgE. IgE crossed the placenta, dependent on the fetal neonatal Fc receptor (FcRN), and sensitized fetal MCs for allergen-specific degranulation. Both passive and active prenatal sensitization conferred allergen sensitivity, resulting in postnatal skin and airway inflammation after the first allergen encounter. We report a role for MCs within the developing fetus and demonstrate that fetal MCs may contribute to antigen-specific vertical transmission of allergic disease.

Immunity-mediated regulation of fecundity in the nematodeHeligmosomoides polygyrus– the potential role of mast cells

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HASHIMOTO ◽  
R. UCHIKAWA ◽  
T. TEGOSHI ◽  
K. TAKEDA ◽  
M. YAMADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Reversible Nature

SUMMARYPrevious studies have shown that host immunity regulates the fecundity of nematodes. The present study was aimed at clarifying the reversible nature of fecundity in response to changes of immunological status and to determine which effector cells are responsible for compromising fecundity inHeligmosomoides polygyrus. Enhanced fecundity was observed in immunocompromised SCID andnu/numice compared to those in the corresponding wild-type mice, with significantly fewer numbers of intrauterine eggs produced in the wild-type than in the immunodeficient mice. When 14-day-old adult worms from BALB/c mice were transplanted into naïve BALB/c mice, their fecundity increased significantly as early as 24 h post-transplantation, but not when they were transferred into immune mice, suggesting the plastic and reversible nature of fecundity in response to changes in host immunological status. In mast cell-deficientW/Wvmice, nematode fecundity was significantly higher than in mast cell-reconstitutedW/Wvor +/+ mice. The serum levels of the mast-cell protease mMCP1 were markedly increased in the wild-type as well as the mast cell-reconstitutedW/Wv, but not in theW/Wv, SCID, ornu/numice during infection. These findings raise the interesting possibility that certain activities of mast cells, either directly or indirectly, regulate parasite fecundity during infection.

scholarly journals IgE- and IgE+Ag-mediated mast cell migration in an autocrine/paracrine fashion

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 3222-3229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Kitaura ◽  
Tatsuya Kinoshita ◽  
Masaaki Matsumoto ◽  
Shaun Chung ◽  
Yuko Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Paracrine Secretion

AbstractMast cells are the major effector cells for immediate hypersensitivity and chronic allergic reactions. These cells accumulate in mucosal tissues of allergic reactions, where immunoglobulin E (IgE) is produced locally. Here we provide evidence that, in addition to antigen that can attract IgE-bound mast cells, the type of IgE molecules that efficiently activate mast cells can promote the migration of mast cells in the absence of antigen. IgE- and IgE+Ag-mediated migration involves an autocrine/paracrine secretion of soluble factors including adenosine, leukotriene B4, and several chemokines. Their secretion depends on 2 tyrosine kinases, Lyn and Syk, and they are agonists of G-protein-coupled receptors and signal through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase γ, leading to mast cell migration. In mouse experiments, naive mast cells are attracted to IgE, and IgE-sensitized mast cells are attracted to antigen. Therefore, IgE and antigen are implicated in mast cell accumulation at allergic tissue sites with local high IgE levels. (Blood. 2005;105:3222-3229)

Mast Cell Heterogeneity in Human Lung Tissue

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Van Overveld ◽  
L. A. M. J. Houben ◽  
F. E. M. Schmitz du Moulin ◽  
P. L. B. Bruijnzeel ◽  
J. A. M. Raaijmakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 ◽  
Leukotriene C4 ◽  
Human Lung Tissue ◽  
No Release

1. In this study mast cells were found to comprise 2.1% of total cells recovered by enzymatic digestion of human lung tissue. 2. This mast cell population consisted of 79% formalin-sensitive, Alcian Blue-positive mast cells and 21% formalin-insensitive, Alcian Blue-positive mast cells. 3. By the use of centrifugal elutriation and subsequent Percoll gradient centrifugation, separate mixed cell populations could be obtained in which the mast cell constituents were either of the formalin-sensitive or -insensitive type. 4. Cell suspensions in which formalin-sensitive cells comprised 97% of mast cells contained approximately 1.34 pg of histamine per mast cell, whereas in preparations in which mast cells were 84% formalin-resistant the histamine content was approximately 4.17 pg of histamine per mast cell. 5. The histamine release upon anti-immunoglobulin E challenge of formalin-sensitive mast cells was greater than the release by formalin-insensitive mast cells. 6. After challenge with opsonized zymosan, only formalin-sensitive mast cells were able to release histamine. 7. Leukotriene C4 release was observed when formalin-sensitive mast cells were challenged with antiimmunoglobulin E. Formalin-insensitive mast cells showed no release of leukotriene C4. 8. Prostaglandin D2 release was observed when formalin-insensitive mast cells were challenged with antiimmunoglobulin E. Formalin-sensitive mast cells showed no release of prostaglandin D2.

Comparative analysis of the role of mast cells in murine asthma models using Kit‐sufficient mast cell‐deficient animals

Allergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Pohlmeier ◽  
Sanchaita Sriwal Sonar ◽  
Hans‐Reimer Rodewald ◽  
Manfred Kopf ◽  
Luigi Tortola
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mast Cells

Mast cell heterogeneity

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Shanahan ◽  
J. A. Denburg ◽  
J. Bienenstock ◽  
A. D. Befus
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Cell Heterogeneity ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Mucosal Mast Cells ◽  
Mast Cell Heterogeneity

Increasing evidence for the existence of inter- and intra-species mast cell heterogeneity has expanded the potential biological role of this cell. Early studies suggesting that mast cells at mucosal sites differ morphologically and histochemically from connective tissue mast cells have been confirmed using isolated intestinal mucosal mast cells in the rat and more recently in man. These studies also established that mucosal mast cells are functionally distinct from connective tissue mast cells. Thus, mucosal and connective tissue mast cells differ in their responsiveness to a variety of mast cell secretagogues and antiallergic agents. Speculation about the therapeutic use of antiallergic drugs in disorders involving intestinal mast cells cannot, therefore, be based on extrapolation from studies of their effects on mast cells from other sites. Regulatory mechanisms for mast cell secretion may also be heterogeneous since mucosal mast cells differ from connective tissue mast cells in their response to a variety of physiologically occurring regulatory peptides. The development of techniques to purify isolated mast cell sub-populations will facilitate future analysis of the biochemical basis of the functional heterogeneity of mast cells.

scholarly journals The transcriptional program, functional heterogeneity, and clinical targeting of mast cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (9) ◽  
pp. 2491-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Cildir ◽  
Harshita Pant ◽  
Angel F. Lopez ◽  
Vinay Tergaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Transcriptional Program ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Ige Mediated

Mast cells are unique tissue-resident immune cells that express an array of receptors that can be activated by several extracellular cues, including antigen–immunoglobulin E (IgE) complexes, bacteria, viruses, cytokines, hormones, peptides, and drugs. Mast cells constitute a small population in tissues, but their extraordinary ability to respond rapidly by releasing granule-stored and newly made mediators underpins their importance in health and disease. In this review, we document the biology of mast cells and introduce new concepts and opinions regarding their role in human diseases beyond IgE-mediated allergic responses and antiparasitic functions. We bring to light recent discoveries and developments in mast cell research, including regulation of mast cell functions, differentiation, survival, and novel mouse models. Finally, we highlight the current and future opportunities for therapeutic intervention of mast cell functions in inflammatory diseases.

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