Lung tumor MHCII immunity depends on in situ antigen presentation by fibroblasts

2022 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Kerdidani ◽  
Emmanouil Aerakis ◽  
Kleio-Maria Verrou ◽  
Ilias Angelidis ◽  
Katerina Douka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Antigen Presenting

A key unknown of the functional space in tumor immunity is whether CD4 T cells depend on intratumoral MHCII cancer antigen recognition. MHCII-expressing, antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAFs) have been found in breast and pancreatic tumors and are considered to be immunosuppressive. This analysis shows that antigen-presenting fibroblasts are frequent in human lung non-small cell carcinomas, where they seem to actively promote rather than suppress MHCII immunity. Lung apCAFs directly activated the TCRs of effector CD4 T cells and at the same time produced C1q, which acted on T cell C1qbp to rescue them from apoptosis. Fibroblast-specific MHCII or C1q deletion impaired CD4 T cell immunity and accelerated tumor growth, while inducing C1qbp in adoptively transferred CD4 T cells expanded their numbers and reduced tumors. Collectively, we have characterized in the lungs a subset of antigen-presenting fibroblasts with tumor-suppressive properties and propose that cancer immunotherapies might be strongly dependent on in situ MHCII antigen presentation.

scholarly journals MHC Class II Expression Restricted to CD8α+ and CD11b+ Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient for Control of Leishmania major

2004 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P. Lemos ◽  
Fatima Esquivel ◽  
Phillip Scott ◽  
Terri M. Laufer
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Major Infection ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Control of the intracellular protozoan, Leishmania major, requires major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II)–dependent antigen presentation and CD4+ T cell T helper cell 1 (Th1) differentiation. MHC II–positive macrophages are a primary target of infection and a crucial effector cell controlling parasite growth, yet their function as antigen-presenting cells remains controversial. Similarly, infected Langerhans cells (LCs) can prime interferon (IFN)γ–producing Th1 CD4+ T cells, but whether they are required for Th1 responses is unknown. We explored the antigen-presenting cell requirement during primary L. major infection using a mouse model in which MHC II, I-Aβb, expression is restricted to CD11b+ and CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs). Importantly, B cells, macrophages, and LCs are all MHC II–negative in these mice. We demonstrate that antigen presentation by these DC subsets is sufficient to control a subcutaneous L. major infection. CD4+ T cells undergo complete Th1 differentiation with parasite-specific secretion of IFNγ. Macrophages produce inducible nitric oxide synthase, accumulate at infected sites, and control parasite numbers in the absence of MHC II expression. Therefore, CD11b+ and CD8α+ DCs are not only key initiators of the primary response but also provide all the necessary cognate interactions for CD4+ T cell Th1 effectors to control this protozoan infection.

scholarly journals Tumor MHCII immunity requires in situ antigen presentation by cancer-associated fibroblasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Kerdidani ◽  
Emmanouil Aerakis ◽  
Kleio-Maria Verrou ◽  
Petros Stamoulis ◽  
Katerina Goudevenou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

ABSTRACTA key unknown of the functional space in tumor immunity is whether physiologically relevant cancer antigen presentation occurs solely in draining lymph nodes versus tumors. Professional antigen presenting cells, i.e. the dendritic cells, are scarce and immature within tumors, greatly outnumbered by MHCII expressing non-hematopoietic cells, such as antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAFs). We hypothesized that after their exit from tumor-draining lymph nodes T cells depend on a second wave of antigen presentation provided in situ by structural cells. We show that dense apCAF regions in human lung tumors define hot immunological spots with increased numbers of CD4 T cells. The transcriptomic profile of human lung apCAFs aligned to that of pancreatic apCAFs across mice and humans and were both enriched for alveolar type II genes, suggesting an epithelial origin. Mechanistically, human apCAFs directly activated the TCRs of adjacent effector CD4 T cells and at the same time produced high levels of c1q, which acted on surface c1qbp on T cells to rescue them from apoptosis. Fibroblast-specific deletion of MHCII in mice impaired local MHCII immunity and accelerated tumor growth, while inducing c1qbp overexpression in adoptively transferred T cells expanded their numbers within tumors and reduced tumour burden. Collectively, our work shows that tumor T cell immunity post lymph node exit requires peripheral antigen presentation by a subset of CAFs and proposes a new conceptual framework upon which effective cancer immunotherapies can be built.

scholarly journals Tumor MHCII immunity requires in situ antigen presentation by cancer-associated fibroblasts.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Kerdidani ◽  
Emmanouil Aerakis ◽  
Kleio Verrou ◽  
Petros Stamoulis ◽  
Katerina Goudevenou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Abstract A key unknown of the functional space in tumor immunity is whether physiologically relevant cancer antigen presentation occurs solely in draining lymph nodes versus tumors. Professional antigen presenting cells, i.e. the dendritic cells, are scarce and immature within tumors, greatly outnumbered by MHCII expressing non-hematopoietic cells, such as antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAFs). We hypothesized that after their exit from tumor-draining lymph nodes T cells depend on a second wave of antigen presentation provided in situ by structural cells. We show that dense apCAF regions in human lung tumors define hot immunological spots with increased numbers of CD4 T cells. The transcriptomic profile of human lung apCAFs aligned to that of pancreatic apCAFs across mice and humans and were both enriched for alveolar type II genes, suggesting an epithelial origin. Mechanistically, human apCAFs directly activated the TCRs of adjacent effector CD4 T cells and at the same time produced high levels of c1q, which acted on surface c1qbp on T cells to rescue them from apoptosis. Fibroblast-specific deletion of MHCII in mice impaired local MHCII immunity and accelerated tumor growth, while inducing c1qbp overexpression in adoptively transferred T cells expanded their numbers within tumors and reduced tumour burden. Collectively, our work shows that tumor T cell immunity post lymph node exit requires peripheral antigen presentation by a subset of CAFs and proposes a new conceptual framework upon which effective cancer immunotherapies can be built.

scholarly journals Reduced immune-regulatory molecule expression on human colonic memory CD4 T cells in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Dillon ◽  
Tezha A. Thompson ◽  
Allison J. Christians ◽  
Martin D. McCarter ◽  
Cara C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells

Abstract Background The etiology of the low-level chronic inflammatory state associated with aging is likely multifactorial, but a number of animal and human studies have implicated a functional decline of the gastrointestinal immune system as a potential driver. Gut tissue-resident memory T cells play critical roles in mediating protective immunity and in maintaining gut homeostasis, yet few studies have investigated the effect of aging on human gut T cell immunity. To determine if aging impacted CD4 T cell immunity in the human large intestine, we utilized multi-color flow cytometry to measure colonic lamina propria (LP) CD4 T cell frequencies and immune-modulatory marker expression in younger (mean ± SEM: 38 ± 1.5 yrs) and older (77 ± 1.6 yrs) adults. To determine cellular specificity, we evaluated colon LP CD8 T cell frequency and phenotype in the same donors. To probe tissue specificity, we evaluated the same panel of markers in peripheral blood (PB) CD4 T cells in a separate cohort of similarly aged persons. Results Frequencies of colonic CD4 T cells as a fraction of total LP mononuclear cells were higher in older persons whereas absolute numbers of colonic LP CD4 T cells per gram of tissue were similar in both age groups. LP CD4 T cells from older versus younger persons exhibited reduced CTLA-4, PD-1 and Ki67 expression. Levels of Bcl-2, CD57, CD25 and percentages of activated CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4 T cells were similar in both age groups. In memory PB CD4 T cells, older age was only associated with increased CD57 expression. Significant age effects for LP CD8 T cells were only observed for CTLA-4 expression, with lower levels of expression observed on cells from older adults. Conclusions Greater age was associated with reduced expression of the co-inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 on LP CD4 T cells. Colonic LP CD8 T cells from older persons also displayed reduced CTLA-4 expression. These age-associated profiles were not observed in older PB memory CD4 T cells. The decline in co-inhibitory receptor expression on colonic LP T cells may contribute to local and systemic inflammation via a reduced ability to limit ongoing T cell responses to enteric microbial challenge.

scholarly journals Response of naive antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro: characteristics and antigen-presenting cell requirements.

1992 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 1431-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Croft ◽  
D D Duncan ◽  
S L Swain
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Peptide Antigen ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Because of the low frequency of T cells for any particular soluble protein antigen in unprimed animals, the requirements for naive T cell responses in specific antigens have not been clearly delineated and they have been difficult to study in vitro. We have taken advantage of mice transgenic for the V beta 3/V alpha 11 T cell receptor (TCR), which can recognize a peptide of cytochrome c presented by IEk. 85-90% of CD4+ T cells in these mice express the transgenic TCR, and we show that almost all such V beta 3/V alpha 11 receptor-positive cells have a phenotype characteristic of naive T cells, including expression of high levels of CD45RB, high levels of L-selectin (Mel-14), low levels of CD44 (Pgp-1), and secretion of interleukin 2 (IL-2) as the major cytokine. Naive T cells, separated on the basis of CD45RB high expression, gave vigorous responses (proliferation and IL-2 secretion) to peptide antigen presented in vitro by a mixed antigen-presenting cell population. At least 50% of the T cell population appeared to respond, as assessed by blast transformation, entry into G1, and expression of increased levels of CD44 by 24 h. Significant contributions to the response by contaminating memory CD4+ cells were ruled out by demonstrating that the majority of the CD45RB low, L-selectin low, CD44 high cells did not express the V beta 3/V alpha 11 TCR and responded poorly to antigen. We find that proliferation and IL-2 secretion of the naive CD4 cells is minimal when resting B cells present peptide antigen, and that both splenic and bone marrow-derived macrophages are weak stimulators. Naive T cells did respond well to high numbers of activated B cells. However, dendritic cells were the most potent stimulators of proliferation and IL-2 secretion at low cell numbers, and were far superior inducers of IL-2 at higher numbers. These studies establish that naive CD4 T cells can respond vigorously to soluble antigen and indicate that maximal stimulation can be achieved by presentation of antigen on dendritic cells. This model should prove very useful in further investigations of activation requirements and functional characteristics of naive helper T cells.

scholarly journals Isolevuglandin-Modified Cardiac Proteins Drive CD4+ T Cell Activation in the Heart and Promote Cardiac Dysfunction

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njabulo Ngwenyama ◽  
Annet Kirabo ◽  
Mark Aronovitz ◽  
Francisco Velázquez ◽  
Francisco Carrillo-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Myocardial Oxidative Stress

Background: Despite the well-established association between T cell-mediated inflammation and non-ischemic heart failure (HF), the specific mechanisms triggering T cell activation during the progression of HF and the antigens involved are poorly understood. We hypothesized that myocardial oxidative stress induces the formation of isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-modified proteins that function as cardiac neoantigens to elicit CD4+ T cell receptor (TCR) activation and promote HF. Methods: We used transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice to trigger myocardial oxidative stress and T cell infiltration. We profiled the TCR repertoire by mRNA sequencing of intramyocardial activated CD4+ T cells in Nur77 GFP reporter mice, which transiently express GFP upon TCR engagement. We assessed the role of antigen presentation and TCR specificity in the development of cardiac dysfunction using antigen presentation-deficient MhcII -/- mice, and TCR transgenic OTII mice that lack specificity for endogenous antigens. We detected IsoLG-protein adducts in failing human hearts. We also evaluated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IsoLGs in eliciting T cell immune responses in vivo by treating mice with the antioxidant TEMPOL, and the IsoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) during TAC, and ex-vivo in mechanistic studies of CD4+ T cell proliferation in response to IsoLG-modified cardiac proteins. Results: We discovered that TCR antigen recognition increases in the left ventricle (LV) as cardiac dysfunction progresses, and identified a limited repertoire of activated CD4+ T cell clonotypes in the LV. Antigen presentation of endogenous antigens was required to develop cardiac dysfunction since MhcII -/- mice reconstituted with CD4+ T cells, and OTII mice immunized with their cognate antigen were protected from TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction despite the presence of LV-infiltrated CD4+ T cells. Scavenging IsoLGs with 2-HOBA reduced TCR activation and prevented cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, cardiac pressure overload resulted in ROS dependent dendritic cell accumulation of IsoLG-protein adducts which induced robust CD4+ T cell proliferation. Conclusions: Collectively, our study demonstrates an important role of ROS-induced formation of IsoLG-modified cardiac neoantigens that lead to TCR-dependent CD4+ T cell activation within the heart.

IκB kinase 2 but not NF-κB–inducing kinase is essential for effective DC antigen presentation in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Andreakos ◽  
Clive Smith ◽  
Claudia Monaco ◽  
Fionula M. Brennan ◽  
Brian M. Foxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Allogeneic Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction ◽  
Iκb Kinase ◽  
Antigen Presenting

AbstractAlthough dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells involved in numerous physiologic and pathologic processes, little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate DC activation and antigen-presenting function. Recently, we demonstrated that nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation is central to that process, as overexpression of IκBα blocks the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), an in vitro model of T-cell activation. In this study, we investigated the role of 2 putative NF-κB–inducing components, NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK), and IκB kinase 2 (IKK2). Using an adenoviral gene transfer method to efficiently express dominant-negative (dn) forms of these molecules in monocyte-derived DCs, we found that IKK2dn but not NIKdn inhibited the allogeneic MLR. When DCs were fixed, this inhibitory effect of IKK2dn was lost, suggesting that IKK2 is involved in T-cell–derived signals that enhance DC antigen presentation during the allogeneic MLR period and does not have an effect on viability or differentiation state of DCs prior to coculture with T cells. One such signal is likely to be CD40 ligand (CD40L), as IKK2dn blocked CD40L but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced NF-κB activation, cytokine production, and up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and HLA-DR in DCs. In summary, our results demonstrate that IKK2 is essential for DC activation induced by CD40L or contact with allogeneic T cells, but not by LPS, whereas NIK is not required for any of these signals. In addition, our results support IKK2 as a potential therapeutic target for the down-regulation of unwanted immune responses that may occur during transplantation or autoimmunity.

Vaccine-elicited CD4 T cells prevent the deletion of antiviral B cells in chronic infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (46) ◽  
pp. e2108157118
Author(s):  
Kerstin Narr ◽  
Yusuf I. Ertuna ◽  
Benedict Fallet ◽  
Karen Cornille ◽  
Mirela Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Clonal Deletion ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
B Cell Immunity

Chronic viral infections subvert protective B cell immunity. An early type I interferon (IFN-I)–driven bias to short-lived plasmablast differentiation leads to clonal deletion, so-called “decimation,” of antiviral memory B cells. Therefore, prophylactic countermeasures against decimation remain an unmet need. We show that vaccination-induced CD4 T cells prevented the decimation of naïve and memory B cells in chronically lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected mice. Although these B cell responses were largely T independent when IFN-I was blocked, preexisting T help assured their sustainability under conditions of IFN-I–driven inflammation by instructing a germinal center B cell transcriptional program. Prevention of decimation depended on T cell–intrinsic Bcl6 and Tfh progeny formation. Antigen presentation by B cells, interactions with antigen-specific T helper cells, and costimulation by CD40 and ICOS were also required. Importantly, B cell–mediated virus control averted Th1-driven immunopathology in LCMV-challenged animals with preexisting CD4 T cell immunity. Our findings show that vaccination-induced Tfh cells represent a cornerstone of effective B cell immunity to chronic virus challenge, pointing the way toward more effective B cell–based vaccination against persistent viral diseases.

scholarly journals Distinct Roles of α7 nAChRs in Antigen-Presenting Cells and CD4+ T Cells in the Regulation of T Cell Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Mashimo ◽  
Masayo Komori ◽  
Yuriko Y. Matsui ◽  
Mami X. Murase ◽  
Takeshi Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
T Cell Differentiation ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Α7 Nachrs

scholarly journals Abortive Proliferation of Rare T Cells Induced by Direct or Indirect Antigen Presentation by Rare B Cells In Vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (10) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Townsend ◽  
Christopher C. Goodnow
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Antigen-specific B cells are implicated as antigen-presenting cells in memory and tolerance responses because they capture antigens efficiently and localize to T cell zones after antigen capture. It has not been possible, however, to visualize the effect of specific B cells on specific CD4+ helper T cells under physiological conditions. We demonstrate here that rare T cells are activated in vivo by minute quantities of antigen captured by antigen-specific B cells. Antigen-activated B cells are helped under these conditions, whereas antigen-tolerant B cells are killed. The T cells proliferate and then disappear regardless of whether the B cells are activated or tolerant. We show genetically that T cell activation, proliferation, and disappearance can be mediated either by transfer of antigen from antigen-specific B cells to endogenous antigen-presenting cells or by direct B–T cell interactions. These results identify a novel antigen presentation route, and demonstrate that B cell presentation of antigen has profound effects on T cell fate that could not be predicted from in vitro studies.

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