scholarly journals A SKIN TEST FOR DETECTING GROUP C HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION CAUSING EPIZOOTIC LYMPHADENITIS IN GUINEA PIGS

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K. Moen
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Bacterial Extract ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Tuberculin Reaction

1. A skin test with a crude bacterial extract prepared from group C (Lancefield) hemolytic streptococci was used as a means of detecting possible carriers of the streptococcus causing epizootic lymphadenitis in guinea pigs. A positive test similar to a positive tuberculin reaction was considered presumptive evidence of present or recent infection with this streptococcus. 2. 20 positive reactors were found in 330 supposedly normal guinea pigs. 3. 195 negatively reacting animals were used as a breeding stock which yielded 1,296 progeny over a period of 15 months. None of the breeding stock or their progeny showed evidence of spontaneous lymphadenitis. Skin tests of 100 of the progeny were all negative. 4. The use of this skin test as a means of obtaining guinea pig breeding stock free of the streptococcus causing spontaneous lymphadenitis is suggested.

Hypoplastic Enamel Defects in the Guinea Pig: Effects of β-Streptococcal Infections, Fever, Abscess Formation, and Ether Anesthesia

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Abscess Formation ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Enamel Defects

β-Streptococcal infection and its sequelae did not play a significant role in the development of hypoplastic enamel defects. Hypoplastic enamel faults occurred that could not be related to any of the experimental procedures. A genetic or other component may influence the susceptibility of guinea pigs to hypoplastic enamel lesions.

scholarly journals Skin Test Results in Patients with Allergies in Samarkand Region

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
G.Z. Tadjieva ◽  
◽  
O.S. Mirzaev ◽  
Kh.N. Shadieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Fungal Allergens

Study Objective: To assess skin test results in patients with some allergies. Design: Perspective comparative study. Materials and Methods. We examined 1,963 patients with allergies who presented to Tadjieva Allergo-Medical Service LLC (Samarkand) in 2018–2019. 895 patients consented to and underwent allergy testing with scarification skin tests; they had various allergies (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic bronchitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria). We used 76 types of most common allergens, including 24 plant allergens, 7 domestic allergens, 13 fungal allergens, 3 epidermal allergens, 27 food allergens, histamine and control test. Results. Most common, positive test results were seen with saltwort (42.9%), plantain (39.5%), wormwood (33.7%), pigweed (26.6%), quitch grass (27.3%), cultivated plant mix (corn, rye, barley, oats, wheat) (41.8%), wild grasses (dart grass, scleranthus, bluegrass, ryegrass, brome grass, couch grass, red-tailed fescue grass, foxtail, timothy) (40.4%). In domestic allergens, the highest number of positive test results accounted for Acarus siro (29.1%), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (24.6%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (21.8%), D. farinae (20.9%) mites. Still, the most severe are the diseases caused by hypersensitivity to fungal allergens Аlternaria alternatа (8.7%), Candida (8.9%). Polyvalent sensibilization was recorded in the majority of cases; but it was not a factor of severity and did not correlated with the duration of the disease. Conclusion. The results allow verifying aetiological factors of allergies in each case; later it can be used for targeted molecular diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Keywords: allergies, allergen-specific immunotherapy, skin tests, plant, domestic, fungal allergens, polysensitization.

scholarly journals Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Responses to ESAT-6 and MPT64 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Guinea Pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3454-3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Elhay ◽  
Thomas Oettinger ◽  
Peter Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Skin Responses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Skin

ABSTRACT Two antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ESAT-6 and MPT64, elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin responses in outbred guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis by the aerosol and intravenous routes but not those sensitized with M. bovis BCG or M. avium. The DTH epitope of ESAT-6 was mapped to the C terminus. Nonresponders to the individual antigens were found, but all animals responded to a combination of ESAT-6 and MPT64 or their respective minimal target peptides. Correspondingly, these molecules could form the basis of a new skin test for tuberculosis.

scholarly journals HEMORRHAGES IN TUBERCULOUS GUINEA PIGS AT THE SITE OF INJECTION OF IRRITANTS FOLLOWING INTRAVASCULAR INJECTIONS OF INJURIOUS SUBSTANCES (SHWARTZMAN PHENOMENON)

1934 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Freund
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Bacterial Toxins ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Tuberculin Reaction

1. When toxic filtrates from cultures of B coli, B. typhosus, or meningococci are injected into the blood stream, peritoneal cavity, or subcutaneous tissue of tuberculous guinea pigs, the skin at the site of a tuberculin reaction becomes hemorrhagic. The extent of the hemorrhage is proportional to the severity of the tuberculin reaction demonstrable by tests with various dilutions of tuberculin. 2. Tuberculin does not prepare the skin of non-tuberculous guinea pigs for this hemorrhagic reaction. 3. Tuberculin does not produce an intense or necrotic inflammation in the skin of tuberculous rabbits and fails to prepare the skin for the hemorrhagic reaction. 4. Tuberculin injected into the peritoneal cavities of tuberculous guinea pigs causes a hemorrhage in the skin at the site of a tuberculin reaction. 5. All guinea pigs infected with B.C.G., and most of those infected with a virulent strain of tubercle bacilli, when sensitized to horse serum and injected intracutaneously with 0.1 cc. of horse serum, react with redness, edema, and necrosis; and in some instances the necrosis is preceded by hemorrhage. When horse serum is injected into the skin of these guinea pigs in such dilution that only redness and edema result, the subsequent intravascular injection of typhoid filtrate produces hemorrhage at the site of reaction regularly in those infected with B.C.G. and frequently in those infected with a virulent strain. 6. Filtrates from B. coli, B. typhosus, or meningococci injected into the skin of tuberculous guinea pigs do not produce visible inflammation. When these injections are followed by intravascular injections of the same material hemorrhages do not occur in the skin. 7. When concentrated broth or turpentine is introduced into the skin of tuberculous guinea pigs and later typhoid filtrate is injected into the vascular system, hemorrhages do not occur in the skin at the site of inflammation. 8. The majority of guinea pigs that receive an intravascular injection of typhoid filtrate react with hemorrhage at the site of the injection of the silver nitrate. The incidence of hemorrhagic reaction in tuberculous guinea pigs is higher than in non-tuberculous guinea pigs that received similar injections of silver nitrate and typhoid toxin. 9. In tuberculous guinea pigs the skin can be prepared for the hemorrhagic reaction not only by bacterial toxins but also by tuberculin, horse serum, and an inorganic chemical, silver nitrate. 10. In the guinea pig the skin preparatory agents, i.e. tuberculin in the tuberculous guinea pig, diphtheria toxin and silver nitrate in both tuberculous and non-tuberculous guinea pigs, tend to produce hemorrhages in the skin even without subsequent injection of a toxic bacterial product. This property of the skin preparatory agents may be essential in their action. 11. Hemorrhages occur in the skin at the site of tuberculin reaction not only after the intravascular injection of bacterial toxins or tuberculin, but also after the injection of substances of non-bacterial origin; namely, peptone or soluble starch.

Round Table Discussion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
WILLIAM P. BUFFUM ◽  
HARRY L. MUELLER ◽  
GORDON MANACE ◽  
R. H. MCBRIDE
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
House Dust ◽  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Complicated Problem ◽  
Inhalant Allergens

Chairman Buffum: The treatment of the patient with asthma is often a difficult and complicated problem. In this discussion we are concerning ourselves only with "hyposensitization," which is only a part and sometimes a very small part of the treatment. Probably it is best to treat with all the inhalant allergens that are causing or seem likely to be causing symptoms. From the history and the tests it is decided which substances are important in a given case, and extracts of these allergens are injected regularly. House dust is almost always given in perennial asthma. It seems to be the commonest trouble maker in the patients, and is usually used in treatment, unless the dust skin tests are negative and also something else is clearly indicated. Animal danders, for instance, are also used, when they seem to be a likely source of trouble, and when they cannot be completely avoided. The pollens are used which by history and by skin test seem to be indicated. For instance, if a patient is worse in June and gives a positive skin test to grass pollen, grass pollen is given as part of the treatment. If, in addition he gives a good positive test to ragweed, and is not worse in September, ragweed should not be included in the treatment. Molds undoubtedly play a part in some cases. Patients who have trouble in the summer may be sensitive to molds. Not uncommonly pollen patients whose treatment is not successful are found to be sensitive to molds also. Alternaria is much the most important of these, with hormodendron a poor second. There are several other molds which may be important in a given case. A patient who has trouble in the summer, and who has positive tests to one of these molds, should have that mold included in his treatment. If the patient has had symptoms limited to the ragweed season, and if our treatment is started well before the season, our problem is relatively simple. We start treatment with a dilution of ragweed that we know by experience will be safe with this patient, and give injections once or twice a week increasing the size of the dose each time.

scholarly journals Immune Responses Induced in Cattle by Virulent and AttenuatedMycobacterium bovis Strains: Correlation of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity with Ability of Strains To Grow in Macrophages

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 2172-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Neil Wedlock ◽  
Frank E. Aldwell ◽  
Desmond M. Collins ◽  
Geoffrey W. de Lisle ◽  
Theresa Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures

ABSTRACT Comparison of immune responses induced in cattle by virulent and attenuated strains of Mycobacterium bovis will assist in identifying responses associated with resistance or susceptibility to disease. Four strains of M. bovis, one which is virulent in guinea pigs (WAg201) and three which are attenuated in guinea pigs (an isoniazid-resistant strain [WAg405], ATCC 35721, and BCG) were compared for their abilities to induce immune responses in cattle and to grow in bovine lung alveolar macrophage cultures. Extensive macroscopic lesions were found only in cattle inoculated with the virulent M. bovis strain. Strong antibody responses toM. bovis culture filtrate, as well as persistently high levels of gamma interferon and interleukin-2 released from purified protein derivative (PPD)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, were observed in the cattle inoculated with the virulent strain compared to those inoculated with the attenuated strains. All cattle inoculated with the virulent strain or two of the attenuated strains (WAg405 and ATCC 35721) elicited strong delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to PPD in skin tests, while animals inoculated with BCG induced only a weak response. The three strains which produced strong skin test responses proliferated well in bovine alveolar macrophages and induced high levels of proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs compared to BCG. Our study showed that skin test responsiveness to PPD correlated with the ability of the strains to grow in alveolar macrophages rather than to their pathogenicity in cattle.

scholarly journals Preparation of Listerin antigen as a tool for Diagnosis of listeriosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
G. M. Al - Khatib ◽  
Zainab A.A. Al - Haddad ◽  
Sanaria Fawzi Al- Hissen ◽  
Sahar Hassan Al- Kutbi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

 This study was conducted to produce a specific antigen for detection L. monocytogenes infection. The antigen was prepared by culturing L. monocytogenes on suitable media and then disrupted by ultrasonicatorwaves.  The water – soluble extract of sonically disrupted Listeria were used for skin testing guinea pigs infected with (1*108 CFU / ml) of a L. monocytogenes. Two infected doses were used for immunization at intervals of (10) days between them.  Two skin tests were done, 10 days and 15 days after the 2nd infected dose. The skin test results were read after 24 & 48 hrs. which showed clear thickening differences and redness at the injection sites after 24 hrs. and become more clear after 48 hrs.

Expanded Experience With an Intradermal Skin Test to Predict for the Presence or Absence of Carboplatin Hypersensitivity

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 4611-4614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurie Markman ◽  
Kristine Zanotti ◽  
Gertrude Peterson ◽  
Barbara Kulp ◽  
Kenneth Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Future Attempt ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Carboplatin Hypersensitivity

Purpose: Carboplatin-associated hypersensitivity is increasingly recognized as a potentially serious toxicity when this agent is administered for more than six total cycles. Patients and Methods: Our group has used a predictive skin test in women with gynecologic cancers who have previously received more than six cumulative cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. Thirty minutes before all subsequent carboplatin courses, a 0.02-mL aliquot from the solution prepared for treatment is injected intradermally. A positive test is considered to be a ≥ 5-mm wheal, with a surrounding flare. Results: From October 1998 through March 2003, 126 patients received a total of 717 carboplatin skin tests (median per patient, four tests; range, one to 54 tests). Of the 668 negative tests (93% of the total performed), 10 were associated with evidence of carboplatin hypersensitivity (1.5% false-negative rate; 95% CI, 0.6% to 2.4%), none of which were severe (eg, dyspnea, hypotension, cardiac/respiratory compromise). Of the 41 positive tests, the decision was made to not deliver the drug to 32 patients, although seven women ultimately underwent a future attempt at re-treatment with a platinum agent using a desensitization program. In seven episodes where patients received the carboplatin despite the finding of a positive test, six were associated with the development of symptoms of anaphylaxis (none severe). Conclusion: A negative carboplatin skin test seems to predict with reasonable reliability for the absence of a severe hypersensitivity reaction with the subsequent drug infusion. The implications of a positive test remain less certain, but limited experience with continued treatment suggests this approach must be undertaken with considerable caution.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

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