Simplicia Characterization And Phytochemical Screening Of Secondary Metabolite Compounds Ethanol Extract Of Trembesi Leaves (Samanea saman)

Trembesi plant (Samanea saman) is a plant that has the potential as traditional medicine. People in using medicinal plants often do not know the chemical content of these plants, so that in determining the amount of dosage, people only rely on experience and estimates. Research on the characterization of trembesi leaf simplicia has never been done. Research on the characterization of trembesi leaf simplicia has never been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of trembesi leaf simplicia including specific and non-specific characteristics. The research is carried out in the form of experiments in the laboratory. The sample used is trembesi leaves. The research stages started from discovery, making simplicia, extraction, specific and non-specific characteristics. In the phytochemical test, ethanol extract of trembesi leaves was used. Data analysis used is descriptive method. Specific results showed trembesi leaf simplicia has a coarse powder form, distinctive odor, tasteless, green in color, and on microscopic results of trembesi leaf simplicia powder there is starch, fragments in the form of epidermis, water soluble extract content 11.93%, ethanol soluble essence 18, 93% and contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins. The results of non-specific characteristics are 8.07% water content, 7.91% ash content and 0.29% acid insoluble ash content.

Properties of tofu coagulated with Cardoon flower (Cynara Cardunculus L.)

Tofu was elaborated using water-soluble extract of soybean grains from the cultivar BRS 267 with cardoon flower (C. Cardunculus L.), as coagulant as an alternative to the traditional coagulant magnesium chloride. The tofu were evaluated in relation to physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties during 14 days. Was obsersed for the tofu coagulated with cardoon flower that the moisture, pH, total mineral, protein, and syneresis decreased with the storage, while Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor, ureatic activity and phytic acid did not change. It was also obtained a positive effect for color (L*, a*) parameters, phytic acid, yield, syneresis, and acceptance. The textural properties, showed a tendency to increase of hardness and stickiness, while springiness and cohesiveness decreased during storage. Structurally, presented irregular-shaped, small pores or cavities. The sensory analysis, showed has great acceptance and purchase intent. Then, the cardoon flower can be used as vegetal coagulant improving the quality properties of tofu, in relation to magnesium chloride.

Standardization of Simplicia and Ethanol Extract of Purun Danau (Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin) Rhizome

Purun Danau (Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin) has been shown to have antimalarial and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to standardize simplicia and extract of L. articulata by determining the value of its specific and non-specific parameters. A sampling of L. articulata rhizome was carried out in Guntung Manggis, Haur Gading, and Halat. The standardization method used was based on the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and the General Standard Parameter of Extract. The organoleptic observations showed that L. articulata simplicia was reddish-brown in color, chelated taste, and had a specific odor. Microscopic observation showed parts of this plant: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, parenchyma, bundle vessels, and scalariform vessels. Ethanol-soluble extract content was 10.00-12.66%, water-soluble extract content 8.03-10.87%, drying shrinkage 7.10-7.33%, total ash content 2.03-2.52%, acid-insoluble ash 0.33-0.42%, Pb content 5.698-9.989 ppm, Cd content 0.300-0.500 ppm, Hg content 0.070-0.090 ppm. Ethanol extract of L. articulata rhizome contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. The yield obtained was 8.05-11.23%, total ash content was 1.58-1.67%, acid-insoluble ash was 0.23-0.33%, and water content was 7.10-8.50%. Standardization of simplicia and ethanol extract of L. articulata rhizome has met the criteria.

Extraction And Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract And Simplicia of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) From Sidikalang, North Sumatera

Moringa leaf is a plant that has many uses that comes from the family Moringaceae and it is a tropical plant that is familiar to Indonesian people. Pharmacologically, this plant extract is reported to have antimicrobial and fungicide and it is rich in antioxidants. This metabolite compound contained in Moringa leaves has the potential as an antioxidant, antibacterial, functional and others. This study aims to determine the simplicia characterization of Moringa leaves and to determine the secondary metabolites contained in Moringa leaves, both Moringa leaf powder and Moringa leaf extract. The method of this research is experimental including the simplicia making and ethanol extract of Moringa leaves by maceration method, simplicia characterization and phytochemical screening. The results of the simplicia characterization of Moringa leaves for ethanol soluble extract content was 10,9% and water-soluble extract content was 15,8%, ash content was 9,6% and acid insoluble ash content was 0,6% and water content was 8%. The results of this study also showed that the simplicia powder and ethanol extract of Moringa leaves contained flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, steroid and saponin.

The brewing conditions optimization of Eucalyptus blended tea bags

Blended tea is a mixed herbal drink made from herbal plants’ leaves, roots, flowers, or stems. The blended tea that formulation has been reported in previous studies is composed of Eucalyptus leaves, cinnamon, and black tea. However, the optimum brewing conditions of Eucalyptus blended tea have not been studied. This study aims to determine the optimum brewing conditions of Eucalyptus blended tea using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). This study used two factors, the loading per tea bag (2 g, 2.5 g, 3 g) and brewing time (2, 4, and 6 minutes). The parameters used were water-soluble extract content, color (L, a, b), and overall acceptability. The results showed that a weight of 2.48 g with a brewing time of 3.45 minutes was the optimum condition for brewing blended tea of Eucalyptus, cinnamon, and black tea.

Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Analysis of Rasayana Churna Vati for Quality Control - An Ayurveda Formulation

Rasayana churna was mentioned by Acharya Vagbhatta for rejuvenation of body tissue. Rasayana properties of this combination revitalize the unhealthy tissue on systemic level. Rasayana Churna is a polyherbal formulation contacting 3 ingredients i.e., Amalaki, Guduchi and Gokshura are well known drugs for its rich in antioxidant, immunomodulator and purifactory action. Repeated stress injury in visual system is major cause of Computer Vision Syndrome- a new milliner disorder. A study conducted as randomized clinical trial showed that Rasayan churana significantly improves a group of symptoms in Computer Vision Syndrome. The present study was carried out to standardize the finished product of Rasayana Churna Vati. It includes Authentication, Organoleptic properties, physic-chemical parameters, assay of active and qualitative HPTLC analysis to confirm entity, quality and purity. All results were compared with Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial standard. The presence of rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, lignified tissues, prismatic crystals, reticulate vessels, starch grains oval, tannins, trichomes were the characteristic features observed in the microscopy of the prepared drug. Phyto-chemical analysis showed Loss on drying 1.87% w/w, Total ash 4.35% w/w, water soluble extract 34.73% w/w, Acid insoluble ash 0.73% w/w, Alcohol soluble extractive 14.34% w/w & pH 3.4. Identification of constituents of Rasayana Churna Vati was done by HPTLC scanning at 254 and 366mm gives positive test for Guduchi, Gokshura and Amalaki.

Effects of adding ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to a water-soluble extract of the inner part of oil palm trunk on binderless particleboard

This study investigated the effects of adding ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) on the physical and chemical changes of a water-soluble extract of the inner part of oil palm trunk (OPT) to clarify the bonding mechanism of the binderless particleboard. The extract’s effect on ADP-added binderless particleboard was also investigated. OPT particles were treated by hot water at 60 °C for 6 h. Water-soluble extract and treated OPT particles were obtained. ADP was added to the water-soluble extract at 0, 10, and 40 wt%, and the mixtures were heated at 180 °C for 10 min. Furthermore, binderless particleboards using the treated particles were manufactured with similar condition. The 10 wt% ADP mixture changed the water-soluble extract to an insoluble substance, which was twice that of with 0 wt.% ADP addition. Infrared spectroscopy revealed peaks of furan and carbonyl in the insoluble substance. This indicated that the free sugar content in the water-soluble extract would change to furan compounds. Thermal analysis revealed that the resulting insoluble substance had good thermal stability, suggesting a high-molecular-weight substance. The insoluble substance would contribute to bonding of the binderless particleboards. In particular, a significant contribution to the water resistance was observed.

Antimicrobial Activity Jangjingki (Oxalis corniculata L.) Against The Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli, and Candida Albicans

Jangjingki (Oxalis corniculata L.) is a plant from Oxalidaceae that has potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. The purpose of this research is to see the antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of jangjingki against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The thick extract of jangjingki was obtained by the maceration method with methanol solvent. At the same time, the antimicrobial activity test on S. aureus and E. Coli bacteria was carried out using the hole diffusion method. The simplicia characterization showed 7.17% water, 9.68% of total ash, 11.67% water-soluble extract, and 9.17% of the ethanol-soluble section. At the same time, the methanol extract of jangjingki characterization showed 22.5% of water, 10.16% of total ash, 55.83% water-soluble extract, and 62.91% of the ethanol-soluble section. Phytochemical test results showed that the methanol extract of jangjingki contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. The results of the antimicrobial activity test with variations in the concentration of jangjingki methanol extract 15, 20, 30, and 40% on S. aureus and E. Coli bacteria showed growth inhibition activity of these two bacteria, the largest diameter of the inhibition zone was formed when the extract was given a concentration of 40% with a diameter of the area. Resistance of 8,07 mm and 11 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the test results of inhibition of growth of the fungus C. Albicans by presenting variations in the concentration of jangjingki methanol extract of 5, 10, 15, and 20% could not inhibit the growth fungus C. Albicans.