scholarly journals Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate–induced Calcium Release Is Necessary for Generating the Entire Light Response of Limulus Ventral Photoreceptors

2003 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Fein
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Release ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Calcium Stores ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Calcium Buffer ◽  
Pressure Injection ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate

The experiments reported here were designed to answer the question of whether inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced calcium release is necessary for generating the entire light response of Limulus ventral photoreceptors. For this purpose the membrane-permeable IP3 receptor antagonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB) (Maruyama, T., T. Kanaji, S. Nakade, T. Kanno, and K. Mikoshiba. 1997. J. Biochem. (Tokyo). 122:498–505) was used. Previously, 2APB was found to inhibit the light activated current of Limulus ventral photoreceptors and reversibly inhibit both light and IP3 induced calcium release as well as the current activated by pressure injection of calcium into the light sensitive lobe of the photoreceptor (Wang, Y., M. Deshpande, and R. Payne. 2002. Cell Calcium. 32:209). In this study 2APB was found to inhibit the response to a flash of light at all light intensities and to inhibit the entire light response to a step of light, that is, both the initial transient and the steady-state components of the response to a step of light were inhibited. The light response in cells injected with the calcium buffer 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) was reversibly inhibited by 2APB, indicating that these light responses result from IP3-mediated calcium release giving rise to an increase in Cai. The light response obtained from cells after treatment with 100 μM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), which acts to empty intracellular calcium stores, was reversibly inhibited by 2APB, indicating that the light response after CPA treatment results from IP3-mediated calcium release and a consequent rise in Cai. Together these findings imply that IP3-induced calcium release is necessary for generating the entire light response of Limulus ventral photoreceptors.

scholarly journals The role of the inositol phosphate cascade in visual excitation of invertebrate microvillar photoreceptors.

1991 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Frank ◽  
A Fein
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Release ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Visual Transduction ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Transient Component ◽  
Calcium Buffer ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate

The identity of the transmitter(s) involved in visual transduction in invertebrate microvillar photoreceptors remains unresolved. In this study, the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was examined in Limulus ventral photoreceptors by studying the effects on the light response of heparin and neomycin, agents that inhibit the production or action of IP3. Both heparin and neomycin reduce responses to brief flashes of light and the transient component of responses to steps of light, and also inhibit IP3-induced calcium release, indicating that IP3 plays a direct role in invertebrate visual excitation. The effects of BAPTA, a calcium buffer, were also examined and shown to be consistent with a role for IP3-mediated calcium release in visual excitation. However, all three agents fail to block the plateau component of the response to a step of light, indicating that a single pathway involving IP3 and calcium cannot solely be responsible for visual excitation in invertebrates. We suggest that the inositol phosphate cascade and a second parallel process that is not dependent on IP3 are involved in the production of the light response.

Differential modulation of caffeine- and IP3-induced calcium release in cultured arterial tissue

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. C1115-C1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Dreja ◽  
Per Hellstrand
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Release ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Differential Modulation ◽  
Transient Responses ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Arterial Tissue ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Rat Tail

To investigate the Ca2+-dependent plasticity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function in vascular smooth muscle, transient responses to agents releasing intracellular Ca2+ by either ryanodine (caffeine) ord- myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [IP3; produced in response to norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), arginine vasopressin (AVP)] receptors in rat tail arterial rings were evaluated after 4 days of organ culture. Force transients induced by all agents were increased compared with those induced in fresh rings. Stimulation by 10% FCS during culture further potentiated the force and Ca2+ responses to caffeine (20 mM) but not to NE (10 μM), 5-HT (10 μM), or AVP (0.1 μM). The effect was persistent, and SR capacity was not altered after reversible depletion of stores with cyclopiazonic acid. The effects of serum could be mimicked by culture in depolarizing medium (30 mM K+) and blocked by the addition of verapamil (1 μM) or EGTA (1 mM) to the medium, lowering intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) during culture. These results show that modulation of SR function can occur in vitro by a mechanism dependent on long-term levels of basal [Ca2+]iand involving ryanodine- but not IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+release.

Calcium Released From Intracellular Stores Inhibits GABAA-Mediated Currents in Ganglion Cells of the Turtle Retina

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abram Akopian ◽  
Robert Gabriel ◽  
Paul Witkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Calcium Stores ◽  
Similar Action ◽  
Calcium Buffer ◽  
Calcium Pumps ◽  
Current Steps

Akopian, Abram, Robert Gabriel, and Paul Witkovsky. Calcium released from intracellular stores inhibits GABAA-mediated currents in ganglion cells of the turtle retina. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1105–1115, 1998. We studied spiking neurons isolated from turtle retina by the whole cell version of the patch clamp. The studied cells had perikaryal diameters >15 μm and fired multiple spikes in response to depolarizing current steps, indicating they were ganglion cells. In symmetrical [Cl−], currents elicited by puffs of 100 μM γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were inward at a holding potential of –80 mV. All of the GABA-evoked current was blocked by SR95331 (20 μM), indicating that it was mediated by a GABAA receptor. The GABA-evoked currents were unaltered by eliciting a transmembrane calcium current either just before or during the response to GABA. On the other hand caffeine (10 mM), which induces Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, inhibited the GABA-evoked current on average by 30%. The caffeine effect was blocked by introducing the calcium buffer bis-( o-aminophenoxy)- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) into the cell but was unaffected by replacing [Ca2+]o with equimolar cobalt. Thapsigargin (10 μM), an inhibitor of intracellular calcium pumps, and ryanodine (20 μM), which depletes intracellular calcium stores, both markedly reduced a caffeine-induced inhibition of the GABA-evoked current. Another activator of intracellular calcium release, inositol trisphosphate (IP3; 50 μM), also progressively reduced the GABA-induced current when introduced into the cell. Dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP; 0.5 mM), a membrane-permeable analogue of cAMP, did not reduce GABA-evoked currents, suggesting that cAMP-dependent kinases are not involved in suppressing GABAA currents, whereas calmidazolium (30 μM) and cyclosporin A(20 μM), which inhibit Ca/calmodulin-dependent phosphatases, did reduce the caffeine-induced inhibition of the GABA-evoked current. Alkaline phosphatase (150 μg/ml) and calcineurin (300 μg/ml) had a similar action to caffeine or IP3. Antibodies directed against the ryanodine receptor or the IP3 receptor reacted with the great majority of neurons in the ganglion cell layer. We found that these two antibodies colocalized in large ganglion cells. In summary, intracellular calcium plays a role in reducing the currents elicited by GABA, acting through GABAA receptors. The modulatory action of calcium on GABA responses appears to work through one or more Ca-dependent phosphatases.

Calcium release by cholecystokinin analogue OPE is IP3 dependent in single rat pancreatic acinar cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. C220-C228 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. Gaisano ◽  
D. Wong ◽  
L. Sheu ◽  
J. K. Foskett
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Low Levels

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and carbachol raise intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in pancreatic acinar cells by elevating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). CCK analogues JMV-180 and OPE stimulate fully efficacious enzyme secretion and [Ca2+]i oscillations but release Ca2+ from intracellular stores by apparently IP3-independent mechanisms in permeabilized acinar cells. In the present study, we investigated whether OPE mobilizes Ca2+ from IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores and whether IP3 mediates such responses in single intact cells. OPE and JMV-180 similarly elevated IP3 to low levels compared with those elicited by 10 nM CCK. Depletion of IP3-sensitive stores by elevation of intracellular IP3 using carbachol, microinjection of a nonmetabolizable IP3 analogue, or exposure to thapsigargin, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, depleted the same Ca2+ stores that were sensitive to OPE. In converse experiments, OPE depleted carbachol- or thapsigargin-sensitive stores, indicating that carbachol-, thapsigargin-, IP3-, and OPE-sensitive Ca2+ stores overlap completely and that stores mobilized by OPE are IP3 sensitive. To determine whether IP3 mediates responses to OPE, cells were microinjected with low-molecular-weight heparin, a competitive inhibited the rise of [Ca2+]i in response to carbachol, OPE, or JMV-180, whereas de-N-sulfated heparin, an inactive heparin, was without effect. These results indicate that CCK analogues release Ca2+ from IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores by mechanisms involving the IP3 receptor.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor and calcium release

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. S5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Mikoshiba ◽  
Teiichi Furulchi ◽  
Atsushi Miyawaki ◽  
Nobuaki Maeda ◽  
Shingo Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Release ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate

scholarly journals The Common Inhalational Anesthetic Isoflurane Induces Apoptosis via  Activation of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huafeng Wei ◽  
Ge Liang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Qiujun Wang ◽  
Brian Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Release ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ip3 Receptors ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Er Membrane

Background Isoflurane induces cell apoptosis by an unknown mechanism. The authors hypothesized that isoflurane activates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, causing excessive calcium release, triggering apoptosis. Methods The authors determined isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity by measuring caspase-3 activity, lactate dehydrogenase release, MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) reduction, and imaging analysis of cell damage markers (annexin V and propidium iodide staining) in different cell types. The authors used the chicken B lymphocyte with a total knock-out of IP3 receptors, PC12 cells with elevated IP3 receptor activity (transfected with L286V presenilin 1), striatal cells with a knock-in of Q111 Huntingtin, and each cell line's corresponding wild-type controls. The authors also measured the isoflurane-evoked changes of calcium concentration in cytosol and/or mitochondria in these cells. Results Isoflurane induced apoptosis concentration- and time-dependently, and sequentially elevated cytosolic and then mitochondrial calcium in the chicken B-lymphocyte wild-type but not the IP3 receptor total knock-out cells. Thapsigargin, a calcium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor on ER membranes, induced apoptosis and elevations of calcium in cytosol and mitochondria in both chicken B-lymphocyte wild-type and IP3 receptor total knock-out cells. Isoflurane induced significantly more neurotoxicity and greater calcium release from the ER in L286V PC12 and Q111 Huntingtin striatal cells than in their corresponding wild-type controls, both of which were significantly inhibited by the IP3 receptor antagonist xestospongin C. Conclusion These findings suggest that isoflurane activates the ER membrane IP3 receptor, producing excessive calcium release and triggering apoptosis. Neurons with enhanced IP3 receptor activity, as in certain cases of familial Alzheimer or Huntington disease, may be especially vulnerable to isoflurane cytotoxicity.

Structure and function of the neuronal endomembrane system

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
Maryann E. Martone ◽  
Victoria M. Simpliciano ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Thomas J. Deerinck ◽  
Mark H. Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Calcium Stores ◽  
Endomembrane System ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons

Components of the endomembrane system in a variety of cell types appear to function in the storage and release of calcium similar to the muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Many proteins involved in intracellular calcium regulation in skeletal or smooth muscle, e.g. Ca++ ATPase, calsequestrin, the inositol l,4,5,trisphosphate (TP3) receptor and the ryanodine binding protein, are found in the nervous system where they are particularly abundant within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Immunolocalization studies suggest, however, that calcium regulatory proteins are not uniformly distributed within the SER but are concentrated in or excluded from certain domains. For example, the IP3 and ryanodine receptors, two distinct calcium channels which mediate calcium release by different ligands, are found associated with the SER in cell bodies and dendrites of chick cerebellum but only the IP3 receptor is found within dendritic spines. These results are consistent with evidence that cells may possess multiple intracellular calcium stores that are pharmacologically, spatially and perhaps physically distinct.

scholarly journals The Effects of HCl and CaCl2 Injections on Intracellular Calcium and pH in Voltage-clamped Snail (Helix aspersa) Neurons

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Calcium Stores ◽  
Fluorescent Indicators ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Ion Sensitive Microelectrodes ◽  
Snail Helix Aspersa

To investigate the mechanisms by which low intracellular pH influences calcium signaling, I have injected HCl, and in some experiments CaCl2, into snail neurons while recording intracellular pH (pHi) and calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) with ion-sensitive microelectrodes. Unlike fluorescent indicators, these do not increase buffering. Slow injections of HCl (changing pHi by 0.1–0.2 pH units min−1) first decreased [Ca2+]i while pHi was still close to normal, but then increased [Ca2+]i when pHi fell below 6.8–7. As pHi recovered after such an injection, [Ca2+]i started to fall but then increased transiently before returning to its preinjection level. Both the acid-induced decrease and the recovery-induced increase in [Ca2+]i were abolished by cyclopiazonic acid, which empties calcium stores. Caffeine with or without ryanodine lowered [Ca2+]i and converted the acid-induced fall in [Ca2+]i to an increase. Injection of ortho-vanadate increased steady-state [Ca2+]i and its response to acidification, which was again blocked by CPA. The normal initial response to 10 mM caffeine, a transient increase in [Ca2+]i, did not occur with pHi below 7.1. When HCl was injected during a series of short CaCl2 injections, the [Ca2+]i transients (recorded as changes in the potential (VCa) of the Ca2+-sensitive microelectrode), were reduced by only 20% for a 1 pH unit acidification, as was the rate of recovery after each injection. Calcium transients induced by brief depolarizations, however, were reduced by 60% by a similar acidification. These results suggest that low pHi has little effect on the plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA) but important effects on the calcium stores, including blocking their response to caffeine. Acidosis inhibits spontaneous calcium release via the RYR, and leads to increased store content which is unloaded when pHi returns to normal. Spontaneous release is enhanced by the rise in [Ca2+]i caused by inhibiting the PMCA.

Ceramide triggers intracellular calcium release via the IP3 receptor inXenopus laevisoocytes

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. C665-C672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kobrinsky ◽  
Andrew I. Spielman ◽  
Sophia Rosenzweig ◽  
Andrew R. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Calcium Stores ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Calcium Release Channel ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Phosphoinositide Signaling

Ceramide, a product of sphingomyelin turnover, is a lipid second messenger that mediates diverse signaling pathways, including those leading to cell cycle arrest and differentiation. The mechanism(s) by which ceramide signals downstream events have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that, in Xenopus laevis oocytes, ceramide-induced maturation is associated with the release of intracellular calcium stores. Ceramide caused a dose-dependent elevation in the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) via activation of Gq/11α and phospholipase C-βX. Elevation of IP3, in turn, activated the IP3 receptor calcium release channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in a rise in cytoplasmic calcium. Thus our study demonstrates that cross talk between the ceramide and phosphoinositide signaling pathways modulates intracellular calcium homeostasis.

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