scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION ON SWELLING OF CELLS

1926 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baldwin Lucke ◽  
Morton McCutcheon
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range

1. The effect of HCl, NaOH, CO2, and NH3 on the volume of unfertilized Arbacia eggs was tested over a wide range of pH values. 2. No swelling occurred, except in HCl solutions, and there not until after injury or death had occurred. 3. Whereas the volume of erythrocytes and of proteins such as gelatin is known to be dependent on the pH of the solution, such a relation does not exist in the case of living and uninjured cells, at least of the type tested.

scholarly journals A Colorimetric Method for Studying the Dissociation of Oxyhæmocyanin suitable for Class Work

1925 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 970-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. A. Pantin ◽  
Lancelot T. Hogben
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dissociation Curve ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Class ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Limits Of Error

1. A simple colorimetric method for plotting the dissociation curve of haemocyanin is indicated. The limits of error are within 5 per cent. The simplicity of the method commends it for laboratory class work.2. The effect of hydrogen ion concentration on the dissociation of the hsemocyanins of the crustacean Palinurus and the pulmonate Helix have been compared. In the snail change of hydrogen ion concentration over a wide range was not found to affect the dissociation of the hsemocyanin: in 'the crustacean there is a marked effect similar to that seen in the dissociation of hæmoglobin.3. The similarity of crustacean hsemocyanin to haemoglobin is also seen in that increasing temperature depresses the dissociation curve. The effects of certain salts upon haemocyanin. have also been recorded.

THE ELECTRODE POTENTIAL OF IRON IN RELATION TO HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION

1936 ◽  
Vol 14b (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Shipley ◽  
J. H. Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Iron Electrode ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Ph Values

The electrode potential of iron immersed in phosphate, borate and citrate buffers of varying hydrogen ion concentration was measured, using a normal calomel electrode as the second half of the cell. Breaks in the potential of the iron electrode amounting to as much as 0.7 volts were found to occur at definite pH values for each series of buffers. The electrode exhibited an "initial" and "final" potential depending on the pH of the electrolyte and the time of immersion, the "final" value requiring several days to become established. The "final" break in the electrode potential of 0.74 volts in the pure phosphate buffer occurred between a pH of 3.1 and 4.0, that in the pure borate buffer, of 0.75 volts, occurred between a pH of 4.3 and 4.6, and in the pure citrate buffer, of 0.77 volts, between a pH of 10.1 and 10.9. The effect of chloride ion and de-aeration on the electrode potential was observed. It is suggested that the potential of the iron electrode is determined by the presence or absence of a non electrically conducting film or deposit on the iron, the formation of which is a function of the nature of the electrolyte and its hydrogen ion concentration. De-aeration apparently had no effect on the electrode potential, but the presence of chloride ion affected the establishing of the "final" potential and caused the break in voltage to appear irregularly at a much lower hydrogen ion concentration.At pH values below that at which the break in potential occurred, corrosion of the iron electrode was marked, and the electrode potential remained high, while, at pH values above the break, corrosion was virtually inhibited or confined to local spots on the electrode, and the electrode potential remained low. The presence of the chloride ion stimulated local corrosion and permitted general corrosion to proceed at a lower hydrogen ion concentration.

Nutritional studies of a flagellated protozoan Hexamita inflata from the Canadian oyster, Crassostrea virginica

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Khouw ◽  
H. D. McCurdy Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Vitamin Mixture ◽  
Anaerobic Environment

The physical and nutritional requirements for growth of Hexamita inflata have been studied in axenic cultures. The flagellate was capable of growing over a wide range of temperature (5 °C to 25 °C), of hydrogen ion concentration (pH 4.5 to 8.5), and of salinity (3 to 28‰); and required a reducing or anaerobic environment. The requirement of an egg-yolk suspension for growth was partially satisfied by unsaturated fatty acids. Attempts to replace the peptone by mixtures of amino acids were not successful. A simple medium containing a vitamin mixture, linoleic acid, glucose, cysteine, peptone, and salt has been formulated.

scholarly journals STIMULATION BY HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN THE CATFISH, SCHILBEODES

1931 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Cole ◽  
James B. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Acid Molecule ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Effective Stimulus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Function

1. The reaction of the catfish, Schilbeodes gyrinus Mitchill, to hydrochloric acid over a wide range of concentrations (from pH 1.82 to pH 6.83) has been studied under experimental conditions which reduced to a minimum all other stimuli. 2. As the [H+J increases within the limits mentioned, the reaction time of the fish decreases. In other words, the rate of the stimulation processes is an increasing function of the hydrogen ion concentration. 3. The effective stimulus is the hydrogen ion, since NaCl solutions of equivalent concentration were not stimulating. 4. Stimulation by hydrochloric acid is therefore correlated with the potential of the cation resulting from dissociation of the acid molecule.

scholarly journals The Hydrogen Ion Concentration of the Cells of some Marine Algæ

1922 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. G. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Acid Character

The measurements recorded for marine algæ of various groups show that the reaction of the sap is in most cases almost neutral, and in no case is the sap of the pronounced acid character met with in many land plants. This being so it follows that the enzymes concerned in the metabolism of these algæ must be quite different from those which effect corresponding changes in land plants, as may be seen on referring to the optimum pH values for various enzymes quoted in the writer's previous paper on the reaction of plant cells (1922).

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics of precipitation and hydrogen input in throughfall and stemflow under some eastern Canadian forest stands

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Mahendrappa
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Forest Experiment Station

At the Acadia Forest Experiment Station (AFES) in central New Brunswick chemical characteristics of rain samples collected at five different locations were determined during the 1977–1981 period. Throughfall and stemflow samples from six softwood and three hardwood stands were collected and chemically characterized starting from the early 70's. In 1976 two of four plots in each of the stands were treated with urea at a rate of 225 kg N•ha−1. Both the quantities of rain and their pH values varied considerably between collections, months, and years. The weighted mean pH of summer (May–October) rain collected intensively during the 1977–1981 period ranged from 4.5 to 5.1, with an overall weighted average value of 4.75 for the 5 years. Sulfur and nitrate N measured during May–October 1982 amounted to 6.18 and 1.52 kg•ha−1, respectively, for the 6-month period. The concentration of hydrogen ion in the throughfall was less than that in the rain. Hardwood throughfall had lower hydrogen levels (higher pH) than the softwood throughfall. The pH of the stemflow from softwoods was lower than that of rain in most cases. Although not significantly, the hydrogen ion concentration of both throughfall and stemflow on the fertilized plots was lower than on the untreated plots. The hydrogen load of rain was reduced by all tree species, but there was considerable variation between species in their abilities to decrease total hydrogen reaching the soil.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION UPON THE SPORE CYCLE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS

1919 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arao Itano ◽  
James Neill
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Slight Growth

1. At 5°C. no germination took place. 2. At 25°C. and at 37°C. germination occurs if the hydrogen ion concentration of the broth is kept between pH 5 and pH 10, but not at higher or lower pH values. 3. The completion of the spore cycle likewise requires a hydrogen ion concentration between pH 5 and pH 10. 4. The spores can germinate when the pH value is 10, although after germination the vegetative cells multiply only to a very slight extent and soon pass into spores. 5. The slight growth and multiplication of vegetative cells in broth of pH 10 suggest that the formation of endospores in this medium must be caused largely by the unfavorable reaction of the medium rather than by the accumulation of metabolic products. 6. Automatic adjustment of the medium seems to play a rôle in the completion of the spore cycle. 7. The results are not only of theoretical importance but they have a practical application to the preservation of food by canning and by other methods.

Effect of acute changes in the PaCO2 on acid–base parameters in normal dogs and dogs with metabolic acidosis or alkalosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bercovici ◽  
C. B. Chen ◽  
M. B. Goldstein ◽  
B. J. Steinbaugh ◽  
M. L. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Fluid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Formula ◽  
Acute Changes

There is a linear relationship between the [Formula: see text] and blood hydrogen ion concentration in normal dogs, but for theoretical reasons to be discussed, we questioned whether this relationship would apply in animals with metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. To study this in more detail, animals were divided into three groups: normal, metabolically acidotic, and metabolically alkalotic. Following anesthesia and bilateral ureteral ligation, dogs were intubated and ventilated to produce acute steady-state [Formula: see text] values corresponding to the range observed during disease states. Changes in the volume and electrolyte composition of the gastrointestinal fluid and urine as well as the concentration and distribution of lactate were evaluated in all experiments. We observed the previously described linear relationship between the [Formula: see text] and blood hydrogen ion concentration in normal dogs, but the slope of the regression line differed significantly from those of dogs with metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. On the other hand, there was a consistent relationship between the ratio of the [Formula: see text] values, but not the absolute [Formula: see text], and the change in the plasma bicarbonate concentration over a wide range of [Formula: see text] values in all groups of dogs. The chemical basis for these observations will be discussed.

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