Origins and Destinations: Family, Class, and Education in Modern Britain.A. H. Halsey , A. F. Heath , J. M. Ridge

ABSTRACT qnr was detected in 2 of 260 Escherichia coli clinical isolates collected from a Korean hospital during the period 2001 to 2003. The two strains were not clonally related. qnr was located in In4 family class 1 integrons of original structure, downstream of orf513 and upstream from another resistance gene (dfrA3b) and a gene of unknown function (orf105). Transfer of the qnr determinant by conjugation could be detected from only one strain.

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Family Reunification? A Critical NAnalysis Of Citizenship And Immigration Canada’s 2013 Reforms To The Family Class

10.32920/ryerson.14665332.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jacklyn Neborak

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Family Reunification ◽

Dependent Children ◽

Social Fabric ◽

Family Unit ◽

The Social ◽

The Family ◽

Practical Research ◽

Substantial Change ◽

Family Class

In 2011, the beginning of significant reform to Canada’s Family Class for immigration took place with the freezing of applications for parent and grandparent sponsorship. In May 2013, a package of reforms was proposed to the Family Class to bolster substantial change to implement more stringent conditions for sponsorship of parents, grandparents, and dependent children under the Family Class. In response, a coalition of civic stakeholders in Ontario mobilized to lobby Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) to oppose the implementation of these changes through the “My Canada Includes All Families” campaign. I analyze the package of reforms and explore the implications these reforms have upon the value of the family unit in Canada. This paper aims to support the “My Canada Includes All Families” campaign by presenting practical research to illustrate the social capital benefits that parents, grandparents, and family reunification has for the Canadian social fabric.

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"A Stone In The Ocean": A Mixed Methods Investigation Into The Experiences Of Families Trying To Reunite In Canada

10.32920/14656572.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Beth J. Martin

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Policy Design ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Family Reunification ◽

Family Separation ◽

The Family ◽

Permanent Residency ◽

Critical Policy ◽

Permanent Residents ◽

Family Class

Every year many families are formed, or find themselves separated, across borders. To address the problem of family separation, the family class stream of immigration to Canada, which accounts for 20-30% of new immigrants annually, allows citizens or permanent residents to sponsor certain family members for permanent residency. Yet there has been very little research on experiences of this policy. Family reunification immigration, located at the intersection of the personal and the political, has been marginalized by masculinized policy disciplines that focus on macro-trends in immigration and render the family invisible, and by feminized disciplines that focus on the family and individual in immigration while rendering policy invisible. This dissertation fills that gap in the literature, using a critical policy studies approach informed by aspects of Critical Theory, intersectionality and Foucauldian interpretations of power. I explore the lived experiences of families as they apply to reunite through the family class stream, and of families who would like to apply to reunite but cannot. I used mixed methods—qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys—to collect data from 169 families, and 100 key informants who support applicant families, including lawyers, consultants, settlement workers and constituency office caseworkers. This approach and research design allowed me to expose and develop a deep knowledge of families’ experiences that have until now been marginalized. Findings show that, though the decision on an immigration application is important, a sole focus on that decision both excludes applicants’ vastly different experiences during the process and renders invisible those who cannot even apply. Diversity in experiences was closely related to interactions between different aspects of social location, and policy design and implementation. Applicants exercised many forms of initiative and agency, but were ultimately constrained by policy structures. The new Government has recently made promising changes, but we must ensure these changes are effective and continue to advocate for further improvements that would mitigate applicants’ negative experiences. Finally, more research needs to be done, most importantly on family reunification through immigration streams that were excluded from this study.

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The Parent and Grandparent Sponsorship Program Reforms- The Consequence of a Neoliberal Shift

10.32920/ryerson.14645157.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Devon Franklin

Keyword(s):

Immigration Policy ◽

The State ◽

Future Research ◽

Point System ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Economic Class ◽

Economic Framework ◽

Neoliberal Ideology ◽

Incomplete Picture ◽

Family Class

Since the formal enshrinement of Canada’s immigration objectives in the Immigration Act of 1976, Citizenship and Immigration Canada has been tasked with the responsibility of balancing the demands of the labour market and reuniting immigrant families. Policy changes in the 1990s suggest that neoliberal ideology, which promotes market economy principles, has become increasingly influential in the shaping of Canadian social policies and practices, and has had significant implications for immigration policy and admission trends (Arat-Koc, 1999). The prominence of neoliberal logic in immigration policy has resulted in the framing of immigrant value in terms of economic contributions. As a result, Family Class admissions have been the target of criticism, particularly sponsored parents and grandparents, who are absolved of meeting the point system criteria and are therefore perceived as having little ability to contribute to the economy (McLaren & Black, 2005). This paper explores the extent to which recent reforms to the parent and grandparent sponsorship program are a reflection of, and maintain, the prevailing neoliberal discourse that subordinates Family Class immigrants, especially parents and grandparents, conceiving of them as burdens to the state as opposed to contributing Economic Class entrants. This economic framework provides an incomplete picture of the contributions that sponsored parents and grandparents make to Canada. Furthermore, the insufficiency of empirical data supporting the claim that parents and grandparents are a potential burden on the state suggests that the recent reforms are an explicit expression of fear rather than fact (VanderPlaat, Ramos & Yoshida, 2011). This paper concludes with future research suggestions that lend themselves to redefining “contribution” to incorporate social, cultural, and indirect economic contributions, to provide a more nuanced conception of the value of sponsored parents and grandparents.

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The Image of Foreigner in Emirati’s Women Novel (with an Example of Rayḥānah, by Maysūn Şaqr al-Qāsimī)

European Journal of Language and Literature ◽

10.26417/ejls.v6i1.p6-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Muna Ali Sahli

Keyword(s):

Comparative Studies ◽

Social Economic ◽

Women's Writing ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

The Other ◽

History Of ◽

Way Of Thinking ◽

The Stranger ◽

Women’S Writing ◽

Family Class

This kind of research, especially in the field of comparative studies, is crucial, because it provides a better understanding of people, culture, thought, and their way of thinking, seeing and dealing with the other. Therefore, choosing to study the image of the foreigner in Emirati women’s writing can help to examine the deep dimensions of relationship with the other who does not belong to family, class, and homeland, in this society. The study, hence, aims to shed a light on women awareness and their ways to articulate their own issues, and experiences after long history of isolation and suppression that women in this country and region in general had witnessed. Moreover, the study focuses on Maysūn al Qāsimī and her first narrative controversial work Rayḥānah, aspires to reveal how the strict upbringing and education had its impacts on women’s personality and thinking, and thus their ways of looking at the stranger in their home or homeland. The expected results of this study are to demonstrate women awareness and capability to disclose, to certain extents, the depth of female agony in very complicated network of political, social, economic and cultural factors that would shape the history of the whole region in postcolonial time. In addition, the study is expected to help to reach better understanding of the different roles that the foreigners have played in this society, from the female locals’ point of views, and therefore, their narration.

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Globalization, Immigration, and the Gender Implications of l Not Just Numbers in Canada

Refuge ◽

10.25071/1920-7336.22004 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Jennifer Hyndman

Keyword(s):

Social Integration ◽

Labour Market ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

New Geography ◽

Legislative Review ◽

Family Class

The immigration of refugees in Canada has always been gendered. Today, the majority of refugees to this country continue to be male, while family class immigrants are more often female. Social integration and labour market articipation upon arrival also vary tremendously by gender, among other factors. The recent Legislative Review, entitled Not Just Numbers, has important gender implications for future immigration to Canada. The author argues that the proposals outlined promote economic self sufficiency and global competitiveness as the basis for future immigration, refugees being the sole exception. The Review is analyzed in relation to Saskia Sassen's work on globalization, immigration, and the "new geography of power." The gendered implications of the Review's proposals are discussed with specific reference to refugees, domestic caregivers, and family class immigrants.

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