The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States.Mark Baldassare

1983 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-235
Author(s):  
Margaret Mooney Marini
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population

scholarly journals Natural Geography and Patterns of Local Population Growth and Decline in Spain: 1960–2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelheid Holl
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Growth Variation

This paper analyzes the role of natural geography for explaining local population change patterns. Using spatially detailed data for Spain from 1960 to 2011, the estimation results indicated that natural geography variables relate to about half of the population growth variation of rural areas and more than a third of the population growth variation of urban areas during this period. Local differences in climate, topography, and soil and rock formation as well as distance to aquifers and the coast contribute to variations in local population growth patterns. Although, over time, local population change became less related to differences in natural geography, natural geography is still significantly related to nearly a third of the variation in local population change in rural areas and the contribution of temperature range and precipitation seasonality has even increased. For urban areas, weather continues to matter too, with growth being higher in warmer places.

scholarly journals Local Population Change and Variations in Racial Integration in the United States, 2000–2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bellman ◽  
Seth E. Spielman ◽  
Rachel S. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Areas

While population growth has been consistently tied to decreasing racial segregation at the metropolitan level in the United States, little work has been done to relate small-scale changes in population size to integration. We address this question through a novel technique that tracks population changes by race and ethnicity for comparable geographies in both 2000 and 2010. Using the Theil index, we analyze the fifty most populous metropolitan statistical areas in 2010 for changes in multigroup segregation. We classify local areas by their net population change between 2000 and 2010 using a unique unit of analysis based on aggregating census blocks. We find strong evidence that growing parts of rapidly growing metropolitan areas of the United States are crucial to understanding regional differences in segregation that have emerged in past decades. Multigroup segregation declined the most in growing parts of growing metropolitan areas. Comparatively, growing parts of shrinking or stagnant metropolitan areas were less diverse and had smaller declines in segregation. We also find that local areas with shrinking populations had disproportionately high minority representation in 2000 before population loss took place. We conclude that the regional context of population growth or decline has important consequences for the residential mixing of racial groups.

The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States.

Social Forces ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Monti ◽  
Mark Baldassare
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Defining ecologically-relevant scales for spatial protection using long-term data on an endangered seabird and local prey availability

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B Sherley ◽  
Philna Botha ◽  
Les G Underhill ◽  
Peter G Ryan ◽  
Danie van Zyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Full Life Cycle

Human activities are important drivers of marine ecosystem functioning. However, teasing apart the synergistic effects of fishing and environmental variability on the prey base of non-target predators is difficult, often because estimates of prey availability on appropriate scales are lacking. Hence, understanding the links between direct measures of prey abundance and population change can help integrate the needs of non-target predators into fisheries management. Here we investigated the local population response (number of breeders) of bank cormorants Phalacrocorax neglectus, an Endangered seabird, to the availability of its prey, the heavily-fished West Coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii. Using Bayesian state-space modelled counts of cormorants at three colonies, 22 years of fisheries-independent data on local lobster abundance and generalized additive modelling, we determined the spatial-scale pertinent to these relationships in areas of differing lobster abundance. Cormorant numbers responded positively to rock lobster availability in the regions of intermediate and high abundance, but not where regime shifts and fishing pressure have made rock lobster scarce. However, the spatial scale (30 km) at which the relationships were strongest was greater than the cormorants’ foraging range when breeding. Prey availability in the non-breeding season, prey switching and prey ecology can all influence neritic seabirds and should be considered in marine spatial planning. Crucially, though, our results highlight the potential for small-scale marine protected areas (MPAs) to benefit top predators over their full-life cycle by protecting their prey. Precautionary implementation of MPAs, with robust assessment and adaptive-management, could protect predators and their prey without negatively impacting dependent fisheries.

scholarly journals Defining ecologically-relevant scales for spatial protection using long-term data on an endangered seabird and local prey availability

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B Sherley ◽  
Philna Botha ◽  
Les G Underhill ◽  
Peter G Ryan ◽  
Danie van Zyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Full Life Cycle

Human activities are important drivers of marine ecosystem functioning. However, teasing apart the synergistic effects of fishing and environmental variability on the prey base of non-target predators is difficult, often because estimates of prey availability on appropriate scales are lacking. Hence, understanding the links between direct measures of prey abundance and population change can help integrate the needs of non-target predators into fisheries management. Here we investigated the local population response (number of breeders) of bank cormorants Phalacrocorax neglectus, an Endangered seabird, to the availability of its prey, the heavily-fished West Coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii. Using Bayesian state-space modelled counts of cormorants at three colonies, 22 years of fisheries-independent data on local lobster abundance and generalized additive modelling, we determined the spatial-scale pertinent to these relationships in areas of differing lobster abundance. Cormorant numbers responded positively to rock lobster availability in the regions of intermediate and high abundance, but not where regime shifts and fishing pressure have made rock lobster scarce. However, the spatial scale (30 km) at which the relationships were strongest was greater than the cormorants’ foraging range when breeding. Prey availability in the non-breeding season, prey switching and prey ecology can all influence neritic seabirds and should be considered in marine spatial planning. Crucially, though, our results highlight the potential for small-scale marine protected areas (MPAs) to benefit top predators over their full-life cycle by protecting their prey. Precautionary implementation of MPAs, with robust assessment and adaptive-management, could protect predators and their prey without negatively impacting dependent fisheries.

scholarly journals The Chinese Socio-Cultural Sustainability Approach: The Impact of Conservation Planning on Local Population and Residential Mobility

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Jianqiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
The Impact

Retaining indigenous populations is vital to the sustainable development and conservation of historic urban areas. However, little attention has been paid to Chinese conservation planning in an effort to safeguard indigenous people. This paper investigates population change and residential mobility in Chinese historic urban areas by applying demographic analysis and regression models to survey data collected in the Ping-Jiang Historic Quarter. Results indicate that few relocation behaviors are a result of the welfare housing policy and property ownership. However, residents’ intentions to move have increased, due to declining living conditions and tourism development in recent years. Classified by property ownership, public housing tenants and rented housing migrants were more willing to move, while private housing owners preferred to stay. Accordingly, there have been increasing trends of aging, poverty growth and population displacement, epitomized by the public housing population. Assessing planning impacts, welfare policy reduced residential mobility while undermining residents’ self-reliance to maintain their own houses. Without substantial social participation and community support, top-down conservation planning could only slow, rather than reverse, the trend of socio-cultural decline.

scholarly journals Predicting Harbor Porpoise Strandings Based on Near-Shore Sightings Indicates Elevated Temporal Mortality Rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonneke L. IJsseldijk ◽  
Kees C. J. Camphuysen ◽  
Guido O. Keijl ◽  
Gerard Troost ◽  
Geert Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Harbor Porpoise ◽  
Marine Habitats

The increase in anthropogenic activities and their potential impact on wildlife requires the establishment of monitoring programs and identification of indicator species. Within marine habitats, marine mammals are often used as ecosystem sentinels, which has led to investigations into their abundance, distribution, and mortality patterns. However, trends in sightings and strandings are rarely analyzed in combination. This is necessary to distinguish elevated stranding rates caused by changes in local abundance from increased mortality as a consequence of other natural, environmental or anthropogenic factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess whether harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranding frequency in the southern North Sea can be explained by local population density derived from more than 400 thousand hours of systematic observations along the Dutch coast between 1990 and 2018. Since the late 1990s, both the number of stranded porpoises and the sighting rate increased rapidly up to around the mid-2000s, after which they remained high, but with large inter-annual fluctuations. On an annual basis there was a strong correlation between porpoise strandings and sightings, but with a seasonal mismatch. Highest stranding rates occur in late summer, while highest sighting rates occur in early spring. Despite low sighting rates in late summer, August appears to be the best predictor for the monthly variation in the number of stranded porpoises, which could be explained by post-reproductive dispersal and mortality. Excessive high porpoise stranding numbers after accounting for variations in local density could signpost unusual mortality events (UMEs). The corrected stranding rates show that in the early 1990s, when porpoise sightings were rare, and after 2010, the number of stranded porpoises exceeds the expected number. Especially in the summer of 2011, the number of dead porpoises found ashore was excessively high and this might reflect an UME. These results demonstrate that a comparative interpretation of marine mammal strandings and coastal sightings can be a valuable management and conservation tool that could provide an early warning signal for population change.

scholarly journals Shrinking municipalities and their budgetary revenues on the example of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wichowska
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis

Research background: Adverse demographic changes in many local administration units around the world lead to their shrinkage. These processes are usually accompanied by economic changes. The economic consequences of shrinkage can be assessed based on the budgetary revenues of local units, which are largely dependent on the local population and the demographic structure. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to evaluate the shrinkage of Polish municipalities and the effects of population change on the budgetary revenues of local administration units. The analysis was conducted in selected municipalities of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship, which is the least economically developed region in Poland. The analysis covered the period between 2012 and 2017. Methods: The shrinkage of municipalities was evaluated with the use of the methods proposed by the Shrinking Cities International Research Network (SCIRN). According to this methodology, a local unit shrinks when the annual decrease in population exceeds 0.15% for more than five consecutive years. The influence of demographic changes on the budgetary revenues of municipalities was evaluated with the use of linear correlation analysis (Pearson's r) as well as a survey conducted among municipal treasurers in the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship.  Findings & Value added: Symptoms of shrinkage were described in selected municipalities of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship. The presence of correlations between different categories of budgetary revenues and demographic changes was confirmed. The results of the study and the formulated practical recommendations constitute constructive inputs to the discussion on possible solutions to the analyzed problem. They can also be used in further research to analyze other aspects of municipal budgets (the consequences of depopulation for budgetary expenditures, municipal debt, etc.) or conduct comparisons with other regions in Poland and in the world.

scholarly journals Winter diet and roosting site use of urban roosting Long-eared Owls (Asio otus), and the change in the species’ population size in Southeast Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
László Bozó ◽  
Tamás Rutkai ◽  
András István Csathó ◽  
Erna Bozóné Borbáth
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Site Use ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Few Data

AbstractThe Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) was chosen as the bird of the year in Hungary by BirdLife Hungary in 2020 to pay more attention to this species. In the present study, we analysed the data collected on the food, changes in the population and the use of the roosting sites of the owls wintering Southeast-Hungary. A total of 4,683 pellets were collected in four winter seasons between 2016 and 2020, of which 5,265 prey animals were identified. We counted the individuals roosting in the winter roosting sites, and from their maximum number we estimated the local population change of the species as well as the success of the breeding. For this, we also used roadkill data from the nearby town, Battonya.The diet of Long-eared Owls in the study area was similar to that observed in other parts of the Carpathian Basin. The smaller differences were mainly due to the different geographical distribution of different prey species. We also identified some species previously having no or very few data, thus we confirmed their stable presence in the area. Different weather factors within the season did not effect owls’ diet. The most varied diet was found in the warmest, least snowy winter. Comparing the feeding data with the data from the 1960s and 1970s, it can be seen that the proportion of preys changed significantly. The proportion of House/Steppe Mice decreased by an order of magnitude, while that of rats increased by the same amount over time. The most likely reasons for this may be changes in agricultural cultivation or local demographic conditions (depopulation). In the 2018/19 season, the proportion of Common Vole in the pellets was much higher than in any other years, suggesting this year’s gradation of the species. The pellets collected in different roosting sites close to each other typically had the same proportions of prey animals.The maximum number of birds observed at the roosting sites did not correlate with the weather of the given season, but was probably related to the effectiveness of the previous breeding season.The population of the species decreased compared to the early 2000’s based on the number of roosting individuals. This may be due to a decline in crow populations. It should be noted, however, that according to both the roadkills in Battonya and the maximum number of the roosting individuals in Kevermes, this drastic decline came to a halt in 2010s.

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