Depressive Realism and Health Risk Accuracy: The Negative Consequences of Positive Mood

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punam Anand Keller ◽  
Isaac M. Lipkus ◽  
Barbara K. Rimer
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Depressive Realism

Debriefing in Deceptive Research: A Proposed New Procedure

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Oczak ◽  
Agnieszka Niedźwieńska
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Psychological Experiments

This study examines the effectiveness of a new debriefing procedure designed specifically to address possible negative consequences of participation in deceptive research. The new debriefing includes an extended educational procedure that enables participants to gain insight into relevant deceptive practices and how to recognize and deal effectively with them, and thus end their participation with a positive and beneficial learning experience. The usefulness of the new tool was analyzed in a suggestibility study in which we compared the effects of the standard debriefing and the new procedure in terms of participants' mood, self-esteem, and attitudes toward psychological experiments. The most important result was that at the end of the study subjects who received the new debriefing system expressed more positive mood and more positive attitudes toward research than those who received the standard debriefing system. The implications of these results for generalizing to other kinds of deception research are discussed.

Decision Making under Uncertainty and Information Processing in Positive and Negative Mood States

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachi Nandan Mohanty ◽  
Damodar Suar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Heuristic Information Processing ◽  
Institute Of Technology

This study examines whether mood states (a) influence decision making under uncertainty and (b) affect information processing. 200 students at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur participated in this study. Positive mood was induced by showing comedy movie clips to 100 participants and negative mood was induced by showing tragedy movie clips to another 100 participants. The participants were administered a questionnaire containing hypothetical situations of financial gains and losses, and a health risk problem. The participants selected a choice for each situation, and stated the reasons for their choice. Results suggested that the participants preferred cautious choices in the domain of gain and in health risk problems and risky choices in the domain of loss. Analysis of the reasons for the participants' choices suggested more fluency, originality, and flexibility of information in a negative mood compared to a positive mood. A negative (positive) mood state facilitated systematic (heuristic) information processing.

scholarly journals Jinn and Hot Money: Morality and Cultural Risks in Bombana Gold Mining, Eastern Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Fitrilailah Mokui ◽  
Omar Pidani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Hot Money

This study discusses the notion of Jin and Hot money as moral emblems to predict morality and public health risk in Bombana, gold mining areas. The result of this study indicates that good jinn control people to prevent from negative behavior and thinking. It means that good jinn contributes the positive consequences for both individual and community. On the other hand, the bad jin brings negative consequences. In addition, the morality standard for hot money and bad jinn are associated with risks condition and their impacts for individual as well as community.

scholarly journals Trends of Alcohol Use, Dietary Behaviour, Interpersonal Violence, Mental Health, Oral and Hand Hygiene Behaviour among Adolescents in Lebanon: Cross-Sectional National School Surveys from 2005, 2011 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7096
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours

Health risk behaviours during adolescence can have long-term negative consequences. Little is known, however, about the recent health risk behaviour trends in adolescents in Lebanon. This investigation aimed to report the trends in the prevalence of various health risk behaviours, such as alcohol use, dietary behaviour, interpersonal violence, mental health, oral and hand hygiene, among adolescents in Lebanon. Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 13,109 adolescents (14 years median age) that participated in three waves (2005, 2011 and 2017) of the “Lebanon Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”. Results indicate that significant improvements were found among both boys and girls in the decline in interpersonal violence (bulling victimization, being physically attack and involvement in physical fighting), poor washing of hands after using the toilet, and suicide planning, and among girls only loneliness, worry-induced sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation. Significant increases were found among both boys and girls in the prevalence of inadequate fruit consumption, and among boys only unintentional injury and not always washing hands before eating. In conclusion, several decreases but also increases in health risk behaviours were found over three assessment points during a period of 12 years calling for continued health enhancing activities in this adolescent population.

scholarly journals Component Processes of Decision Making in a Community Sample of Precariously Housed Persons: Associations With Learning and Memory, and Health-Risk Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Baitz ◽  
Paul W. Jones ◽  
David A. Campbell ◽  
Andrea A. Jones ◽  
Kristina M. Gicas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Real World ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Component Processes

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a widely used measure of decision making, but its value in signifying behaviors associated with adverse, “real-world” consequences has not been consistently demonstrated in persons who are precariously housed or homeless. Studies evaluating the ecological validity of the IGT have primarily relied on traditional IGT scores. However, computational modeling derives underlying component processes of the IGT, which capture specific facets of decision making that may be more closely related to engagement in behaviors associated with negative consequences. This study employed the Prospect Valence Learning (PVL) model to decompose IGT performance into component processes in 294 precariously housed community residents with substance use disorders. Results revealed a predominant focus on gains and a lack of sensitivity to losses in these vulnerable community residents. Hypothesized associations were not detected between component processes and self-reported health-risk behaviors. These findings provide insight into the processes underlying decision making in a vulnerable substance-using population and highlight the challenge of linking specific decision making processes to “real-world” behaviors.

People Downplay Health Risks to Fulfill Their Goals: A Motivational Framework for Guiding Behavioral Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Catalina Kopetz ◽  
Jacqueline I. Woerner
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Developed World

Risky behaviors represent serious threats to health and the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Despite known negative consequences, people continue to abuse alcohol and drugs, to smoke, overeat, engage in risky sexual behavior, and drive under the influence of alcohol and drugs. This might happen because they perceive these behaviors as the best and sometimes the only means to fulfill important goals. To understand and to prevent health-risk behavior, scientists and policy-makers should consider the function that these behaviors serve. A theoretical framework based on the principles of goal pursuit helps explain (a) why health-risk behaviors become a means to people’s goals and (b) the psychological processes that facilitate initiation and maintenance of health-risk behaviors despite known negative consequences. Principles of goal pursuit could inform policy to reduce health-risk behaviors and their negative consequences.

scholarly journals Trends of alcohol use, dietary behaviour, interpersonal violence, mental health, oral and hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents in Lebanon: cross-sectional national school surveys from 2005, 2011 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours

Abstract Background: Health risk behaviours during adolescence can have long-term negative consequences. Little is known, however, about the recent health risk behaviour trends in adolescents in Lebanon, This investigation aimed to report the trends in the prevalence of various health risk behaviours, such as alcohol use, dietary behaviour, interpersonal violence, mental health, oral and hand hygiene, among adolescents in Lebanon.Methods: Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 13,109 adolescents (14 years median age) that participated in three waves (2005, 2011 and 2017) of the “Lebanon Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”.Results: Significant improvements were found among both boys and girls in the decline of interpersonal violence (bulling victimization, being physically attack and involvement in physical fighting), poor washing of hands after using the toilet, and suicide plan, and among girls only loneliness, worry-induced sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation. Significant increases were found among both boys and girls in the prevalence of inadequate fruit consumption, and among boys only unintentional injury and not always washing hands before eating.Conclusion: Several decreases but also increases of health risk behaviours were found over three assessment points during a period of 12 years calling for continued health enhancing activities in this adolescent population.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment of exposure to toxic elements resulting from consumption of dried wild-grown mushrooms available for sale

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252834
Author(s):  
Karolina Orywal ◽  
Katarzyna Socha ◽  
Patryk Nowakowski ◽  
Wojciech Zoń ◽  
Piotr Kaczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Boletus Edulis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Mushrooms exhibit a high ability to accumulate potentially toxic elements. The legal regulations in force in the European Union countries do not define the maximum content of elements in dried wild-grown mushrooms. This study presents the content of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) determined in dried wild-grown mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Xerocomus badius) available for sale. Moreover, the health risk associated with their consumption is assessed. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Cd, Pb, As) and atomic absorption spectrometry (Hg) were used. The mean Hg, Cd, Pb and As concentration in Boletus edulis was 3.039±1.092, 1.983±1.145, 1.156±1.049 and 0.897±0.469 mg/kg and in Xerocomus badius 0.102±0.020, 1.154±0.596, 0.928±1.810 and 0.278±0.108 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum value of the hazard index (HI) showed that the consumption of a standard portion of dried Boletus edulis may have negative consequences for health and corresponded to 76.2%, 34.1%, 33% and 4.3% of the maximum daily doses of Hg, Cd, Pb and As, respectively. The results indicate that the content of toxic elements in dried wild-grown mushrooms should be monitored. The issue constitutes a legal niche where unfavourable EU regulations may pose a threat to food safety and consumer health.

scholarly journals Trends of alcohol use, dietary behaviour, interpersonal violence, mental health, oral and hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents in Lebanon: cross-sectional national school surveys from 2005, 2011 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours

Abstract Background: Health risk behaviours during adolescence can have long-term negative consequences. Little is known, however, about the recent health risk behaviour trends in adolescents in Lebanon, This investigation aimed to report the trends in the prevalence of various health risk behaviours, such as alcohol use, dietary behaviour, interpersonal violence, mental health, oral and hand hygiene, among adolescents in Lebanon.Methods: Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 13,109 adolescents (14 years median age) that participated in three waves (2005, 2011 and 2017) of the “Lebanon Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”.Results: Significant improvements were found among both boys and girls in the decline of interpersonal violence (bulling victimization, being physically attack and involvement in physical fighting), poor washing of hands after using the toilet, and suicide plan, and among girls only loneliness, worry-induced sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation. Significant increases were found among both boys and girls in the prevalence of inadequate fruit consumption, and among boys only unintentional injury and not always washing hands before eating.Conclusion: Several decreases but also increases of health risk behaviours were found over three assessment points during a period of 12 years calling for continued health enhancing activities in this adolescent population.

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