Dendritic and Natural Killer Cell Subsets Associated with Stable or Declining CD4+Cell Counts in Treated HIV‐1–Infected Children

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I plays a regulatory role in cellular immune response to HIV-1 infection. The role of HLA alleles in HIV progression via viral load and CD4 cell count is well known. HLA class I is polymorphic and distributed differently by nation. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 303 HIV-1 infected patients in 2014 - 2016, with aims to (i) characterize HLA class I genotype with 4-digit nomenclature and (ii) identify specifc alleles in correlate with CD4 cell counts and HIV viral load. 117 allele genotypes have been identifed, including 28 HLA-A alleles, 54 HLA-B alleles and 35 HLA-C alleles. The results showed that the most prevalent alleles in the population include A*11:01 (30.7%), B*15:02 (15.2%) and C*08:01 (17.1%). The frequency of haplotype created from these alleles is 8.4%. A*02:03, B*46:01 related to gender and ethnicity respectively. In conclusion, the study provided detailed pattern of HLA class I expression in a study population of HIV-1 infected patients and reported for the frst time the associated B*51:01, C*14:02 alleles associated to an increase in CD4 cell counts.

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Early Postseroconversion CD4 Cell Counts Independently Predict CD4 Cell Count Recovery in HIV-1–Postive Subjects Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0b013e3182219113 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 387-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hemant Kulkarni ◽

Jason F Okulicz ◽

Greg Grandits ◽

Nancy F Crum-Cianflone ◽

Michael L Landrum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Count Recovery

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Safety, tolerance, and efficacy of atevirdine in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.40.11.2664 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 2664-2668 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A M Been-Tiktak ◽

I Williams ◽

H M Vrehen ◽

J Richens ◽

D Aldam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv 1

Atevirdine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this study we investigated the effect of atevirdine in asymptomatic antiretroviral naive HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts of between 200 and 750 cells per mm3. Patients were randomized to receive 600 mg of atevirdine (n = 15) or a placebo (n = 15) three times a day for 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant effect of atevirdine on viral loads (HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA levels by PCR) or CD4+ cell counts. The data do not support the use of atevirdine as a monotherapy in the treatment of HIV-infected patients.

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β-Endorphin and natural killer cell cytolytic activity during prolonged exercise. Is there a connection?

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.6.r1725 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 275 (6) ◽

pp. R1725-R1734 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. A. Gannon ◽

S. G. Rhind ◽

M. Suzui ◽

J. Zamecnik ◽

B. H. Sabiston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer Cell ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Block Design ◽

Killer Cell ◽

Cytolytic Activity ◽

Opioid Antagonist ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Cell Counts

This study was designed to test whether a single 50-mg dose of the opioid antagonist naltrexone hydrochloride, ingested 60 min before 2 h of moderate-intensity exercise (i.e., 65% peak O2consumption), influenced the exercise-induced augmentation of peripheral blood natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA). Ten healthy male subjects were tested on four occasions separated by intervals of at least 14 days. A rested-state control trial was followed by three double-blind exercise trials [placebo (P), naltrexone (N), and indomethacin] arranged according to a random block design. The indomethacin exercise trial is discussed elsewhere (S. G. Rhind, G. A. Gannon, P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shepherd. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30: S20, 1998). For both the P and N trials, plasma levels of β-endorphin were increased ( P < 0.05) at 90 and 120 min of exercise but returned to resting (preexercise) levels 2 h postexercise. CD3−CD16+CD56+NK cell counts and NKCA were significantly ( P < 0.05) elevated at each 30-min interval of exercise compared with correspondingly timed resting control values. However, there were no differences in NK cell counts or NKCA between P and N trials at any time point during the two trials. Changes in NKCA reflected mainly changes in NK cell count ( r = 0.72; P < 0.001). The results do not support the hypothesis that the enhancement of NKCA during prolonged submaximal aerobic exercise is mediated by β-endorphin.

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Analysis of clinical AIDS‐free interval after CD4+ cell counts fall below 200 × 10 6 L −1 in Japanese Haemophiliacs infected with HIV‐1

Haemophilia ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2516.1998.00138.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Tatsunami ◽

Mimaya ◽

Meguro ◽

Kuwabara ◽

Yago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Counts ◽

Free Interval ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv 1

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Association of Anger Expression-Out with NK Cell Counts in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.9573 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Estela Kakoo-Brioso ◽

Luís Costa ◽

Sílvia Ouakinin

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Natural Killer Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Killer Cell ◽

Anger Expression ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

Introduction: There is growing evidence describing the relation between psychological factors and the progression of colorectal cancer. Several mechanisms have been proposed but the one showing more promising evidence relies on the modulation of the antitumoral immune response by psychological factors, particularly through natural killer cells. We aimed to study the relation between natural killer cell count and anxiety, depression and anger state, trait and expression in 54 pre-surgical colorectal cancer patients.Material and Methods: We measured peripheral blood natural killer cell count and applied the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to 54 pre-surgical colorectal cancer patients. We used the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test when appropriate to compare independent groups.Results: Patients with higher Anger Expression-Out had lower natural killer cell numbers than patients with lower Anger Expression-Out (p value = 0.008). No relation was found between natural killer cell levels and Anger State, Anger Trait, or Anger Expression-In. No difference in natural killer cell count was found between patients with and without clinical anxiety or depression.Discussion: These results suggest that, in colorectal cancer patients, natural killer cell counts are influenced by Anger Expression-Out, but not by clinical anxiety or depression.Conclusion: The unregulated emotional expression might be a conditioning factor of innate immunity. Additional studies are needed to further investigate this relation and to ascertain the clinical impact of therapeutic interventions regarding emotional regulation on the anti-tumoral immune response.

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Identification of an HIV-1 and Neurosyphilis Cluster in Vermont

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1834 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Devika Singh ◽

William M Switzer ◽

Roy Belcher ◽

Daniel Daltry ◽

Jennifer S Read

Keyword(s):

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Intervention Specialists ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Sexual Networking

Abstract Background Rates of syphilis in the U.S. have more than doubled over the last several decades, largely among men who have sex with men (MSM). Our study characterizes a cluster of neurosyphilis cases among HIV-1-infected individuals in Vermont in 2017-2018. Methods Vermont Department of Health disease intervention specialists conduct interviews with all newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases and pursued sexual networking analyses. Phylogenetic and network analyses of available Vermont HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences identified clusters of infection. Fishers-exact and independent t-tests were used to compare HIV-1-infected individuals within or outside an identified cluster. Results Between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018, 38 Vermont residents were newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection. The mean age was 35.5 years, 79% were male and 82% were white. Risk factors for HIV-1 acquisition included MSM status (79%) and methamphetamine use (21%). Eighteen cases (49%) had HIV-1 viral loads (VLs) >100,000 copies/mL and 47% had CD4 cell counts <200/mm 3. Eleven of the 38 (29%) cases had positive syphilis serology, including four (36%) with neurosyphilis. Sexual networking analysis revealed a ten-person cluster with higher VLs at diagnosis (90% with VLs > 100,000 copies/mL vs. 33%, p=0.015). Phylogenetic analysis of pol sequences showed a cluster of 14 cases with sequences that shared 98-100% HIV-1 nucleotide identity. Conclusions This investigation of newly infected HIV-1 cases in Vermont led to identification of a cluster that appeared more likely to have advanced HIV-1 disease and neurosyphilis. Identification of a cluster was strongly supported by both phylogenetic and network analyses of HIV-1 pol sequences.

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