scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of the Cosmic Ray Ionization Rate and Fractional Ionization in DR 21(OH)

2008 ◽  
Vol 684 (2) ◽  
pp. 1221-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talayeh Hezareh ◽  
Martin Houde ◽  
Carolyn McCoey ◽  
Charlotte Vastel ◽  
Ruisheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ionization Rate ◽  
Fractional Ionization

scholarly journals On the Cosmic Ray-Induced Ionization Rate in Molecular Clouds

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ararat G. Yeghikyan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Column Density ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ionization Rate ◽  
Electronic Interaction ◽  
Absorbing Medium ◽  
Be Star ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Ionization Rates

The transformation of the energy dependence of the cosmic ray proton flux in the keV to GeV region is investigated theoretically when penetrating inside molecular clouds ( mag). The computations suggest that energy losses of the cosmic ray particles by interaction with the matter of the molecular cloud are principally caused by the inelastic (electronic) interaction potential; the transformed energy distribution of energetic protons is determined mainly by the column density of the absorbing medium. A cutoff of the cosmic ray spectrum inside clouds by their magnetic fields is also phenomenologically taken into account. This procedure allows a determination of environment-dependent ionization rates of molecular clouds. The theoretically predicted ionization rates are in good agreement with those derived from astronomical observations of absorption lines in the spectrum of the cloud connected with the Herbig Be star LkH 101.

scholarly journals The Determination of Electron Abundances in Interstellar Clouds

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
Alwyn Wootten ◽  
Ronald Snell ◽  
A. E. Glassgold
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ionization Rate ◽  
Interstellar Clouds ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Gas Phase Ion ◽  
Existing Data

A new method for estimating electron fractions in shielded molecular clouds is proposed on the basis of gas phase ion-molecule reactions which involves measuring the quantity . Applied to existing data, it yields upper limits to Xe in the range from 10−8 to 10−7 for a variety of clouds, warm as well as cool. An upper bound to the cosmic ray ionization rate is also obtained.

A general computer program for the extended plate overlap algorithm

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt ◽  
E. Ebner ◽  
K. von der Heide
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
General Computer Program ◽  
General Computer

In contrast to the adjustment of single plates a block adjustment is a simultaneous determination of all unknowns associated with many overlapping plates (star positions and plate constants etc. ) by one large adjustment. This plate overlap technique was introduced by Eichhorn and reviewed by Googe et. al. The author now has developed a set of computer programmes which allows the adjustment of any set of contemporaneous overlapping plates. There is in principle no limit for the number of plates, the number of stars, the number of individual plate constants for each plate, and for the overlapping factor.

Simultaneous determination of seven compounds in Euronymus alatus by HPLC-DAD

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
YS Jung ◽  
JB Weon ◽  
CJ Ma
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination

Simultaneous determination of monomeric and oligomeric alkannin and shikonin by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS

Planta Medica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Assimopoulou ◽  
M Ganzera ◽  
H Stuppner ◽  
VP Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination
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