Relationship between the Prevalence of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfection and Indicators of Nosocomial Infection Control Measures A Population-Based Study in French Hospitals

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Grammatico-Guillon ◽  
Jean-Michel Thiolet ◽  
Pascale Bernillon ◽  
Bruno Coignard ◽  
Babak Khoshnood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
National Prevalence

Objective.To assess whether infection control indicators are associated with the prevalence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection in French hospitals.Methods.We linked the database for the 2006 national prevalence survey of nosocomial infection with the database of infection control indicators (comprised of ICALIN, an indicator of infection control organization, resources, and action, and ICSHA, an indicator of alcohol-based handrub consumption) recorded from hospitals by the Ministry of Health. Data on MRSA infection were obtained from the national prevalence survey database and included the site and origin of infection, the microorganism responsible, and its drug resistance profile. Because the prevalence of MRSA infection was low and often nil, especially in small hospitals, we restricted our analysis to hospitals with at least 300 Patients. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to assess the joint effects of patient-level variables (eg, age, sex, or infection) and hospital-level variables (infection control indicators).Results.Two hundred two hospitals had at least 300 patients, for a total of 128,631 Patients. The overall prevalence of MRSA infection was 0.34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29%-0.39%). The mean value for ICSHA was 7.8 L per 1,000 patient-days (median, 6.1 L per 1,000 patient-days; range, 0-33 L per 1,000 patient-days). The mean value for ICALIN was 92 of a possible 100 points (median, 94.5;range, 67-100). Multilevel analyses showed that ICALIN scores were associated with the prevalence of MRSA infection (odds ratio for a score change of 1 standard deviation, 0.80;95% CI, 0.69-0.93). We found no association between prevalence of MRSA infection and ICSHA. Other variables significantly associated with the prevalence of MRSA infection were sex, vascular or urinary catheter, previous surgery, and the McCabe score.Conclusions.We found a significant association between the prevalence of MRSA infection and ICALIN that suggested that a higher ICALIN score may be predictive of a lower prevalence of MRSA infection.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practices of nurses regarding nosocomial infection control measures in private hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamil Alrubaiee ◽  
Anisah Baharom ◽  
Hayati Kadir Shahar ◽  
Shaffe Mohd Daud ◽  
Huda Omar Basaleem
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Infection Control Measures

scholarly journals The Prevalence, Risk, and Management of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Diverse Populations across Canada: A Systematic Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mitevska ◽  
Britney Wong ◽  
Bas G. J. Surewaard ◽  
Craig N. Jenne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) first emerged after methicillin was introduced to combat penicillin resistance, and its prevalence in Canada has increased since the first MRSA outbreak in the early 1980s. We reviewed the existing literature on MRSA prevalence in Canada over time and in diverse populations across the country. MRSA prevalence increased steadily in the 1990s and 2000s and remains a public health concern in Canada, especially among vulnerable populations, such as rural, remote, and Indigenous communities. Antibiotic resistance patterns and risk factors for MRSA infection were also reported. All studies reported high susceptibility (>85%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with no significant resistance reported for vancomycin, linezolid, or rifampin. While MRSA continues to have susceptibility to several antibiotics, the high and sometimes variable resistance rates to other drugs underscores the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. Risk factors for high MRSA infection rates related to infection control measures, low socioeconomic status, and personal demographic characteristics were also reported. Additional surveillance, infection control measures, enhanced anti-microbial stewardship, and community education programs are necessary to decrease MRSA prevalence and minimize the public health risk posed by this pathogen.

Significance of Nosocomial Infection Rates in the Era of DRGs

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 506-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Fuchs ◽  
Marie E. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
False Sense

Nosocomial infection rates, as determined by either incidence or prevalence methods, are considered important data in infection control programs. Many factors besides infection control measures affect infection rates— eg, illness acuity of the patient population. However, there is evidence that when these factors remain constant, a lowering of the infection rate can be the result of infection control efforts. We wish to illustrate how a dramatic drop in infection rate may mislead infection control personnel into a false sense of accomplishment, when in reality it is an effect of changing medical practices.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tuberculosis Infection control Strategies at the Philippine General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Divine D. Agustin ◽  
Josephine Anne C. Lucero ◽  
Regina P. Berba
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tb Infection Control

Background. Nosocomial TB transmission adversely affects inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs have a higher risk of tuberculosis and MDR-TB compared to the general population. Nosocomial TB outbreaks have occurred among patients with HIV/AIDS. Hospitals need to examine TB infection control measures in order to address this growing concern. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the TB infection control strategies in the adult service wards of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). Methods. This descriptive study was conducted on adult inpatients with bacteriologically-confirmed PTB admitted in April-August 2016. A data collection tool based on Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines was utilized for chart review. Baseline characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and isolation intervals were obtained and compared between areas. In-hospital TB infection control practices were reviewed using the CDC TB Risk Assessment Worksheet with data from the TB-DOTS, UP Health Service, PGH Hospital Infection Control Unit, and PGH Department of Laboratories. Results. Of the 95 patients with bacteriologically-confirmed PTB, data from 72 medical records were available and included in the analysis. Majority were Medicine patients (55.6%) with a diagnosis of pneumonia (52.8%). Only 61.1% were PTB suspects on admission. The mean diagnosis interval was 5.82 days±5.473, the mean treatment interval was 0.77 days±2.941, and the mean isolation interval was 8.23 days±6.372. Only 41.7% were successfully isolated. The most common reasons for isolation failure/delay were lack of vacancy (ER, Medicine wards) and lack of isolation room (Surgical wards). Treatment initiation rate was 66.7% while TB-DOTS inpatient referral rate was 55.6%. The hospital is classified as having potential ongoing transmission of PTB. Conclusion. In this study, TB treatment was promptly started but there were delays in diagnosis and isolation. Gaps included 1) lack of recognition of a PTB case, 2) limited isolation rooms, and 3) inadequate utilization of TB-DOTS. TB infection control measures need to be strengthened in order to prevent nosocomial transmission of PTB.

Success of an Infection Control Program to Reduce the Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kochar ◽  
Timothy Sheard ◽  
Roopali Sharma ◽  
Alan Hui ◽  
Elaine Tolentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Objective.To assess the effect of enhanced infection control measures with screening for gastrointestinal colonization on limiting the spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a New York City hospital endemic for this pathogen.Design.Retrospective observational study with pre- and postinterventional phases.Methods.Beginning in 2006, a comprehensive infection control program was instituted in a 10-bed medical and surgical intensive care unit at a university-based medical center. In addition to being placed in contact isolation, all patients colonized or infected with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were cohorted to one end of the unit. Improved decontamination of hands and environmental surfaces was encouraged. In addition, routine rectal surveillance cultures were screened for the presence of carbapenem-resistant pathogens. The number of patients per quarter with clinical cultures positive for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae was compared during the approximately 2-year periods before and after the intervention.Results.The mean number ( ± SD) of new patients per 1,000 patient-days per quarter with cultures yielding carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae decreased from 9.7 ± 2.2 before the intervention to 3.7 ± 1.6 after the intervention (P< .001 ). There was no change in the mean number of patient-days or the mean number of patients per quarter with cultures yielding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa after the intervention. There was no association between antibiotic usage patterns and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.Conclusions.The comprehensive intervention that combined intensified infection control measures with routine rectal surveillance cultures was helpful in reducing the incidence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae in an intensive care unit where strains producing the carbapenemase KPC were endemic.

Development of a Surveillance System for Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin German Hospitals

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris F. Chaberny ◽  
Dorit Sohr ◽  
Henning Rüden ◽  
Petra Gastmeier
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Positive Case ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Objective.To determine the appropriate method to calculate the rate of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection and colonization (hereafter, MRSA rates) for interhospital comparisons, such that the large number of patients who are already MRSA positive on admission is taken into account.Design.A prospective, multicenter, hospital-based surveillance of MRSA-positive case patients from January through December 2004.Setting.Data from 31 hospitals participating in the German national nosocomial infections surveillance system (KISS) were recorded during routine surveillance by the infection control team at each hospital.Results.Data for 4,215 MRSA-positive case patients were evaluated. From this data, the following values were calculated. The median incidence density was 0.71 MRSA-positive case patients per 1,000 patient-days, and the median nosocomial incidence density was 0.27 patients with nosocomial MRSA infection or colonization per 1,000 patient-days (95% CI, 0.18-0.34). The median average daily MRSA burden was 1.13 MRSA patient-days per 100 patient-days (95% CI, 0.86-1.51), with the average daily MRSA burden defined as the total number of MRSA patient-days divided by the total number of patient-days times 100. The median MRSA-days–associated nosocomial MRSA infection and colonization rate, which describes the MRSA infection risk for other patients in hospitals housing large numbers of MRSA-positive patients and/or many patients who were MRSA positive on admission, was 23.1 cases of nosocomial MRSA infection and colonization per 1,000 MRSA patient-days (95% CI, 17.4-28.6). The values were also calculated for various MRSA screening levels.Conclusions.The MRSA-days–associated nosocomial MRSA rate allows investigators to assess the extent of MRSA colonization and infection at each hospital, taking into account cases that have been imported from other hospitals, as well as from the community. This information provides an appropriate incentive for hospitals to introduce further infection control measures.

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