Dispensing Pollen via Catapult: Explosive Pollen Release in Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callin M. Switzer ◽  
Stacey A. Combes ◽  
Robin Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Mountain Laurel

scholarly journals Effect of Backfill Composition on Post-Transplant Root Growth of Kalmia latifolia L.

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Jake F. Browder
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Abstract Post-transplant root growth is critical for landscape plant establishment. The Horhizotron™ provides a way to easily measure root growth in a wide range of rhizosphere conditions. Mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) plants were removed from their containers and planted in Horhizotrons in a greenhouse in Auburn, AL, and outdoors in Blacksburg, VA. Each Horhizotron contained four glass quadrants extending away from the root ball, and each quadrant within a Horhizotron was filled with a different substrate (treatment): 1) 100% pine bark (Pinus taeda L., PB), 2) 100% soil, 3) a mixture of 50:50 (by vol) PB:soil, or 4) 100% soil along the bottom of the quadrant to a depth of 10 cm (4 in) and 100% PB layered 10 cm (4 in) deep on top of the soil. Root growth along the glass panes of each quadrant was measured bi-weekly in Auburn and weekly in Blacksburg. In both locations, roots were longer in all treatments containing pine bark than in 100% soil. When pine bark was layered on top of soil, roots grew into the pine bark but did not grow into the soil. Results suggest that amending soil backfill with pine bark can increase post-transplant root growth of container-grown mountain laurel.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerance of Tissue-cultured Seedlings of Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) Induced by an Endophytic Actinomycete II. Acceleration of Callose Accumulation and Lignification

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Hasegawa ◽  
Akane Meguro ◽  
Kazuhiro Toyoda ◽  
Tomio Nishimura ◽  
Hitoshi Kunoh
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Endophytic Actinomycete ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Inheritance of ornamental traits in mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia

1981 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Jaynes
Keyword(s):  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
Mountain Laurel

scholarly journals Effect of Root-zone Temperature on Survival, Growth, and Root Morphology of Kalmia latifolia and Ilex crenata ‘Compacta’

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Mountain Laurel ◽  
Zone Temperature

Abstract Root-zone temperature (RZT) is an important environmental factor affecting growth and performance of woody ornamental plants in the landscape. Research was conducted to compare the effects of RZT on survival, growth, and root morphology of a difficult-to-transplant species, mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.), and an easy to transplant species, Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb.). Seedlings of mountain laurel or micropropagated liners of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L. ‘Sarah’) and rooted stem cuttings of Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’) were grown hydroponically for 12 weeks in controlled environment conditions under long days at 9-hr days/15-hr nights of 26/22C (79/72F) with RZTs of 16, 24, or 32C (61, 75, or 90F). Compared to 16 and 24C (61 and 75F), percent survival of mountain laurel was reduced by a RZT of 32C (90F), whereas percent survival of Compacta holly was unaffected by RZT. Root dry weight of mountain laurel was reduced 72% at 32C (90F) while top dry weight was unaffected by RZT. Top and root dry weights of Compacta holly were unaffected by RZT. Root: top ratio of mountain laurel was reduced by increasing RZT, whereas root: top ratio of Compacta holly was unaffected by RZT. Root area of mountain laurel and Compacta holly were reduced 80 and 64%, respectively, at 32C (90F) compared with 16C (61F). Number of lateral roots in the apical 2 cm (0.8 in) of primary roots of both taxa increased with increasing RZT. Results of this research indicate that reducing RZT in the landscape may increase survival and root growth of transplanted mountain laurel.

scholarly journals Pygmaeomycetaceae, a new root associated family in Mucoromycotina from the pygmy pine plains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Walsh ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Swapneel Khiste ◽  
Adam Scalera ◽  
Sana Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Family ◽  
Fungal Survey ◽  
Associated Family ◽  
Environmental Sequences ◽  
Mountain Laurel

ABSTRACTA new genus, Pygmaeomyces, and two new species are described based on phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic and ecological characters. The species delimitation was based on concordance of gene genealogies. The Pygmaeomyces cultures were isolated from the roots of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) and pitch pine (Pinus rigida) from the acidic and oligotrophic New Jersey Pygmy Pine Plains; however, they likely have a broader distribution because their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences have high similarity with a number of environmental sequences from multiple independent studies. Based on the phylogeny and phenotypical characters, a new family Pygmaeomycetaceae is proposed to accommodate this new lineage in Mucoromycotina. Pygmaeomycetaceae corresponds to Clade GS23, which was identified based on a sequence-only soil fungal survey and was believed to be a distinct new class. Compared to the culture-based methods, we observed that sequence-only analyses tend to over-estimate the taxonomic level. Results from this work will facilitate ecological and evolutionary studies on root-associated fungi.

scholarly journals Above-grade Planting with Organic Matter Improves Post-transplant Growth of Two Native Shrub Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-524
Author(s):  
Julie Guckenberger Price ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Robert S. Boyd ◽  
Kenneth M. Tilt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Morella Cerifera ◽  
Landscape Establishment ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Planting shrubs above-grade with organic matter has shown potential for improving landscape establishment. To further investigate this technique, wax myrtle [Morella cerifera (syn. Myrica cerifera)] (3 gal) and mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia ‘Olympic Wedding’) (5 gal) were planted on 30 Oct. 2006 (fall planting) and 12 Apr. 2007 (spring planting) in the ground in a shade house in Auburn, AL. At each planting date, plants of each species were assigned one of four treatments. Three of four treatments used a modified above-grade planting technique in which shrubs were planted such that the top 3 inches of the root ball remained above soil grade. Organic matter, either pine bark (PB), peat (PT), or cotton gin compost (CGC), was applied around the above-grade portion of the root ball, tapering down from the top of the root ball to the ground. In the fourth treatment, plants were planted at-grade with no organic matter (NOM). In general, both species had higher shoot dry weight (SDW) and root spread (RS) when planted in the fall than when planted in spring. Among all treatments, plants also typically had larger RS when planted above-grade with PB or PT. For easy-to-transplant species (such as wax myrtle) and especially for difficult-to-transplant species like mountain laurel, fall planting using this modified above-grade planting technique with PB or PT may improve post-transplant root growth and speed establishment in the first growing season.

Fuels on disturbed and undisturbed sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1134-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop ◽  
Lucy Brudnak ◽  
Sandra Rideout-Hanzak
Keyword(s):  
Slope Position ◽  
Disturbance History ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Topographic Position ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Southern Appalachian Mountain ◽  
Fuel Accumulation ◽  
Topographic Positions ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Fuel distribution in the southern Appalachian Mountain region was measured in over 1000 study plots that were stratified by topographic position (aspect and slope position) and disturbance history. Few fuel differences occurred among topographic positions for undisturbed plots, indicating that fuel accumulation is no greater on highly productive sites than on less productive sites. Litter was slightly higher on undisturbed upper slopes (4.2 t/ha) than on lower slopes (3.7 t/ha) but woody fuels showed no significant differences. Rhododendron ( Rhododendron spp.) and mountain laurel ( Kalmia latifolia L.) were less common than expected, occurring on 25% and 42% of sampled plots, respectively. Disturbance history and type played a greater role in determining fuel loads than did topographic position. Disturbances had occurred on 30% of sample plots within the past 10 years and were most common on exposed slopes. Litter was significantly lower in burned plots (3.5 t/ha vs. 4.0 t/ha in undisturbed plots). One-hour fuels (1.0 t/ha) were significantly higher on beetle-killed plots than on undisturbed plots (0.7 t/ha) while larger woody fuels tended to be greater in plots subjected to beetle attack, fire, and wind.

Contribution of Delayed Autonomous Selfing to Reproductive Success in Mountain Laurel, Kalmia latifolia (Ericaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC S. NAGY ◽  
LARKIN STRONG ◽  
LAURA F. GALLOWAY
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Genes expressed in tissue-cultured seedlings of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) with colonizing Streptomyces padanus AOK30

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akane Meguro ◽  
Kazuhiro Toyoda ◽  
Hiroshi Ogiyama ◽  
Sachiko Hasegawa ◽  
Tomio Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Streptomyces Padanus ◽  
Mountain Laurel

scholarly journals In Vitro Seed Germination of Kalmia latifolia L. Hybrids: A Means for Improving Germination and Speeding Up Breeding Cycle

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li ◽  
Donglin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel), a member of Ericaceae, is a beautiful ornamental shrub native to the eastern United States. The plant is not common in the southeastern United States landscapes because of the limited heat tolerance of most commercial cultivars. Breeding of heat-tolerant cultivars can be achieved by cross hybridization, but is often challenged by low germination percentage, long germination time, and potential abortion of cross-hybridized seeds. We used in vitro seed germination to enhance germination and shorten germination time and investigated the appropriate collecting time, optimal basal medium, and pH for this approach. Collecting time affected in vitro seed germination, with more mature hybrid seeds [collected 4–5 months after pollination (MAP)] having higher germination rate (90% in 4 weeks) than the less mature seeds collected in 2 MAP (20% in 7 weeks). Seedlings from the mature seeds also produced two true leaves on average after 8 weeks of culture, whereas seedlings from the less mature seeds had no true leaves. Woody Plant Medium (WPM) better enhanced in vitro seed germination compared with Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Gamborg’s B5 (B5) medium. WPM yielded higher germination (98%) than MS (90%) and significantly greater total leaf area per seedling (67 mm3) than MS (50 mm3) and B5 (52 mm3) for seeds of ‘Firecracker’ × ‘Snowdrift’. Similar effects had been observed on seeds from ‘Little Linda’ × ‘Starburst’ and ‘Pristine’ × ‘Peppermint’. The pH ranging from 4.2 to 5.4 did not affect seed germination and seedling development of mountain laurel hybrids. Our protocol enabled early collection of mountain laurel hybrid seeds 1 month before their full maturation and permitted seeds to germinate in 4 weeks on WPM, which shortened the period from crossing to the seedling stage from up to 15 to 6 months and enhanced germination percentage from 30% to more than 90% compared with traditional seed germination. This protocol should be applied to promote the breeding and selection of new mountain laurel cultivars for the southeastern United States landscapes.

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