Dynamics of Mud Blister Worm Infestation and Shell Repair by Oysters

Krimi have been considered a major public health problem through out the world (WHO, 1967 Wandan, 1983 McLaren, 1984). In our country this problem is equally significant. It effects the children more frequently than adult (CCRAS 1987). Krimi hamper growth and development of a person, create malnutritional condition and decrease immunity thus the effective solution of this problem is necessary. Of all the herbs used in treating worm infestation, Vidanga is the best. So, Vidanga was selected for the present study. Whole plant of Embelia ribes Linn. were used as materials, as whole plants are used as medicine. Acharya Charaka describe Krimiroga in Vimanasthana. In most of patients, who are suffering from worm infestation have an Vivarnata (discolouration) on the face. “Vivarnata” had been described by Acharya Charaka under the Lakshana of Purishaja Krimi and it has been also described in Rasavaha Srotodusti Lakshana. Krimis robe the digestive nutritive assets through the intestinal wall, which we are making with high effort. So the deficiency of Rasa Dhatu create. According to Dhatu Poshana Nyaya if the Rasa Dhatu is not sufficient then other Dhatu can’t form properly and ultimate weak resistance and poor immunity develops and it is one cause of recurrent nature of disease. Prakriti Vighata and Nidana Parivarjana eradicate Krimiroga from the base.

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Zingiber zerumbet(L.) Smith: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Pharmacological Uses

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/543216 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

N. J. Yob ◽

S. Mohd. Jofrry ◽

M. M. R. Meor. Mohd. Affandi ◽

L. K. Teh ◽

M. Z. Salleh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Zingiber Zerumbet ◽

Tropical Countries ◽

Traditional Uses ◽

Worm Infestation

Zingiber zerumbetSm., locally known to the Malay as “Lempoyang,” is a perennial herb found in many tropical countries, including Malaysia. The rhizomes ofZ. zerumbet, particularly, have been regularly used as food flavouring and appetizer in various Malays' cuisines while the rhizomes extracts have been used in Malay traditional medicine to treat various types of ailments (e.g., inflammatory- and pain-mediated diseases, worm infestation and diarrhea). Research carried out using differentin vitroandin vivoassays of biological evaluation support most of these claims. The active pharmacological component ofZ. zerumbetrhizomes most widely studied is zerumbone. This paper presents the botany, traditional uses, chemistry, and pharmacology of this medicinal plant.

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Failed predation in Late Ordovician gastropods (Mollusca) from Manitoulin Island, Ontario, CanadaThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme The dynamic reef and shelly communities of the Paleozoic. This Special is in honour of our colleague and friend Paul Copper.

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e07-052 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 231-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jan Ove R. Ebbestad ◽

Christopher A. Stott

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Late Ordovician ◽

Size Class ◽

Low Energy ◽

Special Issue ◽

Georgian Bay ◽

Low Level ◽

Shell Repair ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Selection Of

Shell repairs resulting from presumed failed predation are documented in gastropods from the Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian; Richmondian) mid-to-upper Kagawong Submember of the Georgian Bay Formation on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada. The bryozoan–mollusc biota and associated sediments generally suggest nearshore, shallow (<10 m), low energy (lagoonal), and perhaps mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions. Two sample sets from this unit have been studied for shell repair. One of the more commonly applied estimates of shell repair frequencies involves division of the number of individuals with at least one scar by the total number of individuals in the sample (the Individuals with scars method). Using this calculation, 207 specimens of Lophospira trilineata Ulrich and Scofield yielded a shell repair frequency of 4.8%; in 28 specimens of Trochonemella sp. the shell repair frequency was 35.7%. Repairs in Trochonemella occur primarily in the larger size class, suggesting that a size refuge was achieved by this species. Low repair frequencies in L. trilineata suggest predation with a higher success rate or fewer encounters. This study demonstrates that the paradigm of a standardized low level of shell repair in Ordovician and Silurian gastropods is oversimplistic and a range of frequency rates can be expected.

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