Antiparasitic Activity of Single Solanum ferox Extract and Concoction with Zingiber zerumbet and Boesenbergia pandurata Extracts to Control Argulus sp. on Goldfish (Cyprinus carpio)

Argulus is an ectoparasite that frequently infects goldfish, with severe effects and a high death rate. The use of plant extracts has been widely reported to have antiparasitic activities, including one of the solasodine compounds in sour eggplant extracts. This research evaluated the antiparasitic activities of Compositions A (Solanum ferox and Zingiber zerumbet extract at 400 and 200 ppm, respectively), B (SFE and Boesenbergia pandurata at 900 ppm), and C (single Solanum ferox at 400 ppm). The research stages comprised 1) isolation and analysis of solasodine content in sour eggplant extracts and its extract composition, 2) in vitro antiparasitic activities on Argulus sp. at doses of 50 and 100 ppm with a testing time of 60–240 minutes, and 3) in vivo antiparasitic activities on Argulus sp. on goldfish at a dose of 100 ppm and observation for 2–12 hours of medication. The results showed that sour eggplant extracts had a solasodine concentration of 7.151 mg/L, whereas the derivative compositions A, B, and C were 656, 485, and 295 ppm, respectively. The in vitro testing demonstrated that composition A was effective for killing approximately 80–100% of Argulus, whereas compositions B and C killed 80–90% and 60–70%, respectively. Viewed from the effectiveness for killing parasites, the result was excellent (above 50%). The in vivo medication test was continued using three extract compositions at a dose of 100 ppm. Compositions A, B, and C were found to be capable of releasing 81.33, 75.67, and 71.00 arguli, respectively, per fish. We concluded that the single SFE extract and a concoction with BPE and ZZE had reasonable antiparasitic activity, whereas the concoction of SFE and ZZE killed more Argulus parasites at a higher rate.

Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Sediaan Suspensi Ekstrak Rimpang Zingiber zerumbet

Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith rhizome has been used traditionally as an herbal medicine in Indonesia. Isolated extracts and metabolites of Z. zerumbet have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic and antiviral activity. The form of suspension is carried out to facilitate the utilization of the main bioactive content, zerumbone, which is difficult to dissolve in water. The formulation of suspension is based on variations in the concentration of Z. zerumbet extract, which is 2.5% (formulation 1), 5% (formulation 2), and 10% (formulation 3). To determine the physical stability, the evaluation is carried out, namely: organoleptic test, density, viscosity, redispersibility and pH. The results showed all three formulations did not provide organoleptic changes for 30 days, >1 g/cm3 density, good redispersibility, and pH of 6. The viscosity of each formulation is quite varied i.e., 3.74 cp; 4,27 cp; and 11.8 cp. Formulation 3 is determined as the best formulation based on its viscosity which is closest to the standard range of good suspension viscosity according to the SNI.

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith Hexane Crude Extract Caused DNA Damage on Leptospira spp.

Numerous attempts have been made to control leptospirosis by using chemoprophylaxis, but with limited success. The present study was done to investigate the antileptospiral potential of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes. The extracts were assayed for antileptospiral activity using broth microdilution method against Leptospira interrogans (serovar Batavie, Canicola, Australis) and Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc. The Z. zerumbet hexane extract exhibited antileptospiral activity, with IC50 values of 248 μg/mL against L. interrogans serovar Canicola, IC50 of 125 μg/mL against L. interrogans serovar Australis, IC50 of 15.63 μg/mL against L. interrogans serovar Batavie and IC50 of 109 μg/mL against L. biflexa serovar Patoc. However, both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts did not show any distinct antileptospiral activity. Since the hexane extract of Z. zerumbet showed antileptospiral activity, the DNA-damaging properties of this extract were tested according to their IC50 and IC25 values that were specific to each serovars. The DNA-damaging properties were determined by treating the selected Leptospira spp. with the hexane extract and subjecting its DNA to electrophoresis and analysis on agarose gels. The results demonstrated that the hexane extract had DNA-damaging properties towards L. biflexa serovar Patoc and L. interrogans serovar Australis, as proven by the appearance of fragmented DNA on the gels. We conclude that the Z. zerumbet hexane extract could inhibit the growth of Leptospira spp. serovar Patoc and Australis through DNA-damaging activity and thus, could be a potential antileptospiral agent. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential of this hexane extract as an antileptospiral agent using in vivo rat models of leptospirosis.

Modulatory potentials of zerumbone isolated from ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) on eicosanoids: evidence from LPS induced peripheral blood leukocytes.

Several bioactive molecules from plant origin have been studied for their anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we deciphered the anti-eicosanoid properties of zerumbone (sesquiterpene) isolated from ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) in LPS induced peripheral blood leukocytes from rats. Molecular interaction between zerumbone (Z) and eicosanoid metabolizing enzymes (COX-2, 5-LOX, FLAP, and LTA4-hydrolase) and receptors (EP-4, BLT-1, and ICAM-1) along with NOS-2 were assessed using Auto-Dock 4.2 docking software. Further, the rat peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated and treated with zerumbone (5μM) and activated using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (10nM). Oxidative stress (OS) markers, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, COX-2, 5-LOX, BLT-1, EP-4 were assessed along with the activity of COX-2. Zerumbone showed a higher binding affinity with mPGES-1, NOS-2, FLAP, COX-2, LTA-4-hydrolase, and BLT-1 mediators of the eicosanoid pathway. Further, zerumbone significantly (p<0.05) inhibited COX-2, 5-LOX, NOS-2, EP-4, BLT-1, and ICAM-1 expression in LPS induced peripheral blood leukocytes from rats. Zerumbone positively modulates critical enzymes and receptors of eicosanoids in leukocytes activated with lipopolysaccharides. Thus, zerumbone offers a promising therapeutic strategy in the management of inflammation.

HOẠT TÍNH SINH HỌC CỦA DOXORUBICIN KHI KẾT HỢP VỚI CAO CHIẾT CỦA NĂM LOÀI HỌ GỪNG (ZINGIBERACEAE)

Thân rễ của các loài Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO), Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. (ZZ), Curcuma clovisii Škornič (CC), Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe (CZ) và quả của Amomum villosum Lour (AV) được sử dụng để khảo sát lý trích cao chiết bằng phương pháp ngâm dầm trong ba loại dung môi hữu cơ khác nhau dưới điều kiện tránh sáng tại nhiệt độ phòng. Các dung môi sử dụng bao gồm chloroform (TCM), ethyl aceate (AcOEt) và ethanol (EtOH) với các khoảng thời gian ngâm dầm khảo sát gồm 1, 7, 14 và 30 ngày. Trong đó, TCM và EtOH được đánh giá là hai dung môi thích hợp cho việc trích ly cao chiết. ZZ cho hiệu suất ly trích cao nhất (8%) so với các nguyên liệu còn lại. Hoạt tính kháng tế bào ung thư ruột kết HCT-116 và độc tính trên nguyên bào sợi da người HSF của các cao chiết được đánh giá bằng MTT - test. Kết quả cho thấy tại nồng độ IC25, khi kết hợp các cao chiết này với doxorubicin, đều có ảnh hưởng tích cực trên hoạt tính sinh học. Thành phần hóa học của các cao chiết được phân tích bằng phương pháp sắc ký lỏng phối khổ (LC/MS), sắc ký bản mỏng (TLC) và sắc ký cột.

Anti-Cancer and Anti-Angiogenesis Activities of Zerumbone Isolated from Zingiber Zerumbet - A Systematic Review

Significant number of literatures has demonstrated the antiproliferative effect of Zerumbone and its role as anti-angiogenesis. The aims of this systematic review were to assess the anti-cancer effects of Zerumbone and the role of its antiangiogenic properties in treating cancer. Relevant articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Articles chosen for this systematic review were between January 2008 and December 2018. Relevant articles were identified through an extensive search in Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. The literature searches of the electronic databases combined the following key words: anti-angiogenic, anticancer, Zerumbone and Zingiber zerumbet. Studies chosen for this review includes the following designs in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. The initial literature search obtained a total of 352 related records and the final number of studies that met the inclusion criteria in the current review was 43 studies. In vitro studies were the commonest study design. Evidently, Zerumbone demonstrate a potential antiproliferative and antiangiogenic. The antiproliferative activities of Zerumbone was shown to induce by different signalling pathway. Zerumbone through its antiangiogenic effect play a great role in reducing invasion and metastasis. Some selected studies on Zerumbone were found to plague with limitation such as lack of toxic threshold value which may be needed for the clinical trials on this compound.

Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Zingiberaceae Pada Suku Rawas Di Desa Ja-jaran Baru I Kecamatan Megang Sakti Kabupaten Musi Rawas

Masyarakat suku Rawas yang bermukim di Desa Jajaran Baru I, Kecamatan Megang Sakti Kabupaten MusiRawas, telah menggunakan berbagai jenis Zingiberaceae sebagai bahan obat tradisional. Namun dalam hal ini data tersebut belum terdokumentasi dengan baik dan jelas, untuk perlu diketahui jenis apa sajakah dari Zingiberaceae tersebut yang digunakan untuk pengobatan oleh masyarakat suku Rawas tersebut. .Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian pada bulan November 2019 sampai Februari 2020, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tumbuhan Zingiberaceae yang berkhasiat obat dan bagaimana cara pemanfaatannya pada suku Rawas. Metoda yang digunakan adalah survey deskriptif,dengan melakukan tehnik observasi dan tanyajawab kepada batra (dukun). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 9 jenis tumbuhan Zingiberaceae, yaitu : Spesies tumbuhan obat Zingiberaceae:urcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., Kaempferia galanga L., Curcuma domestica Val., Alpinia galangal L. , Zingiber offchinale Rosc., C. zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith., Zingiber purpureum Roxb. Tumbuhan obat ini digunakan untuk menyembuhkan batuk, demam meriang, jamu setelah melahirkan, masuk angin, menghilangkan bau amis pada ASI , penambah nafsu makan, sakit kepala dan sakit gigi, keseleo, dan kolesterol. Penggunaan tumbuhan ini biasanya bisa secara tunggal, atau dicampur dengan jenis jahe-jehean lain dan dapat juga dengan bahan tambahan lain, seperti beras, gula merah dan kapur sirih.

Genetic variation and population structure of clonal Zingiber zerumbet at a fine geographic scale: a comparison with two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species

Background There has always been controversy over whether clonal plants have lower genetic diversity than plants that reproduce sexually. These conflicts could be attributed to the fact that few studies have taken into account the mating system of sexually reproducing plants and their phylogenetic distance. Moreover, most clonal plants in these previous studies regularly produce sexual progeny. Here, we describe a study examining the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation within and between local populations of fully clonal Zingiber zerumbet at a microgeographical scale and compare the results with data for the closely related selfing Z. corallinum and outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. Such studies could disentangle the phylogenetic and sexually reproducing effect on genetic variation of clonal plants, and thus contribute to an improved understanding in the clonally reproducing effects on genetic diversity and population structure. Results The results revealed that the level of local population genetic diversity of clonal Z. zerumbet was comparable to that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum and significantly higher than that of selfing Z. corallinum. However, the level of microgeographic genetic diversity of clonal Z. zerumbet is comparable to that of selfing Z. corallinum and even slightly higher than that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. The genetic differentiation among local populations of clonal Z. zerumbet was significantly lower than that of selfing Z. corallinum, but higher than that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. A stronger spatial genetic structure appeared within local populations of Z. zerumbet compared with selfing Z. corallinum and outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. Conclusions Our study shows that fully clonal plants are able not only to maintain a high level of within-population genetic diversity like outcrossing plants, but can also maintain a high level of microgeographic genetic diversity like selfing plant species, probably due to the accumulation of somatic mutations and absence of a capacity for sexual reproduction. We suggest that conservation strategies for the genetic diversity of clonal and selfing plant species should be focused on the protection of all habitat types, especially fragments within ecosystems, while maintenance of large populations is a key to enhance the genetic diversity of outcrossing species.